375
edits
Mannish: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Added content under the Phonology Section.
(Added content under the Orthography section.) |
(Added content under the Phonology Section.) |
||
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
The orthography is largely regular, albeit not completely intuitive to speakers of, say, English. The vowels are fairly straightforward, while the consonants have more ambiguities that are not inherently evident at first glance. | The orthography is largely regular, albeit not completely intuitive to speakers of, say, English. The vowels are fairly straightforward, while the consonants have more ambiguities that are not inherently evident at first glance. | ||
=====Monographs===== | =====Monographs===== | ||
The following table shows every monograph used in Mannish, along with their base values and alternations. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Graph !! IPA !! | ! Graph !! IPA !! | ||
|- | |- | ||
| a || /ɑ/ || | | a || /ɑ/ || Before final [ɐ], deleted. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| á || /ɑː/ || | | á || /ɑː/ || Before final [ɐ], deleted. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| b || /b/ || | | b || /b/ || | ||
| Line 59: | Line 51: | ||
| d || /d/ || | | d || /d/ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| e|| /e/ || | | e|| /e/ || Realized as [j] before other vowels. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| é || /eː/ || | | é || /eː/ || | ||
| Line 69: | Line 61: | ||
| h || /ç/ || Realized as [ʝ] between vowels. | | h || /ç/ || Realized as [ʝ] between vowels. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| i || /i/ || | | i || /i/ || Realized as [j] before other vowels. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| í || /iː/ || | | í || /iː/ || | ||
| Line 79: | Line 71: | ||
| l || /l/ || Realized as [ɫ] in onset and [ʉ̯] in coda. | | l || /l/ || Realized as [ɫ] in onset and [ʉ̯] in coda. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| m || /m/ || | | m || /m/ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| n || /n/ || | | n || /n/ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| o || /ɔ/ || | | o || /ɔ/ || Realized as [u] before /r/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ó || /ɔː/ || | | ó || /ɔː/ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| r || /r/ || | | r || /r/ || [ɐ] in coda, silent before coda consonants. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| s || /s/ || | | s || /s/ || [z] between vowels. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| t || /t/ || | | t || /t/ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| þ || /θ/ || | | þ || /θ/ || [ð] between vowels. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| u || /u/ || | | u || /u/ || | ||
| Line 99: | Line 91: | ||
| ú || /uː/ || | | ú || /uː/ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| v || ɰ || Does not occur in coda. | | v || /ɰ/ || Does not occur in coda. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| w || /w/ || Does not occur in coda. | | w || /w/ || Does not occur in coda. | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
The following table presents the consonant phonemes of Mannish. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Consonants !! Bilabial!! Labio-Dental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Labio-Velar !! Velar | |||
|- | |||
| Nasal || /m/ || || || /n/ || || || | |||
|- | |||
| Plosive || /p/ /b/ || || || /t/ /d/ || || || /k/ /g/ | |||
|- | |||
| Fricative || ||/f/ || /θ/ || /s/ || /ç/ || || | |||
|- | |||
| Lateral approximant || || | || /l/|| || || | |||
|- | |||
| Approximant || || || || || /j/ || /w/ || /ɰ/ | |||
|- | |||
| Trill || || || || || /r/ || || | |||
|} | |||
====Allophonic Variation==== | |||
=====Nasals===== | |||
The phonemes /m/ and /n/ are both subject to significant allophony before fricatives. Before the fricatives /f θ s ç/ both sounds denasalize and shift place of articulation to assimilate with the appropriate fricative. Before /k g/ the nasals assimilate completely, resulting in gemination of the original velars. This change is not reflected in the orthography. | |||
Example: | |||
* ''iksénþe'' "they beg" [ˈiˌt͡se:t̪͡θe] | |||
* ''tungé'' "tongue" [ˈtug.geː] | |||
* ''þanht'' "thought" [θɔc͡çt] | |||
* ''þankan'' "to thank" [ˈθɑkːɑn] | |||
* ''þankjan'' "to think" [ˈθɔc͡çɑn] | |||
* ''sumf'' [sup͡f] | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||