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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
*The citation form is the singular nominative | *The citation form is the singular nominative | ||
* | *Pluralization of regular masculine nouns: | ||
* | **Ending in consonant: add ''-ă''. | ||
*Regular neuter nouns undergo u-umlaut in the plural. The only vowels affected are a, ă and â | **Ending in ''-i'': replace ''-i'' with ''-ă''. | ||
**a > o | **Ending in ''-ă'': no change. | ||
**ă | *Pluralization of regular feminine nouns: | ||
**Ending in consonant: add ''-ăr''. | |||
*Some nouns have a | **Ending in ''-i'': replace ''-i'' with ''-ăr''. | ||
*A few nouns (known as consonant stems) have irregular plurals, mostly involving either i-umlaut or reversal of u-umlaut (i.e. singular has u-umlaut that is lost in plural) | **Ending in ''-u'': add ''-r''. | ||
*Regular neuter nouns undergo u-umlaut in the plural. The only vowels affected are ''a, ă'', and ''â''. | |||
**''a'' > ''o'' | |||
**''ă, â'' > ''u'' | |||
*Some nouns have a ''-j-'', palatalization, or ''-v-'' that appears before endings beginning in a vowel but is dropped otherwise. | |||
*A few nouns (known as consonant stems) have irregular plurals, mostly involving either i-umlaut or reversal of u-umlaut (i.e. singular has u-umlaut that is lost in plural). Some examples of common nouns with irregular plurals are listed below: | |||
**mând (M) > mindă | **mând (M) > mindă | ||
**foðr (M) > feðră | **foðr (M) > feðră | ||
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**džov (F) > džavăr | **džov (F) > džavăr | ||
**corn (F) > carnăr | **corn (F) > carnăr | ||
* Formation of genitive-dative: | |||
**Masculine and neuter consonant stems: The genitive-dative singular is identical to the nominative-accusative singular. | |||
**Other nouns: The genitive-dative singular is identical to the nominative-accusative plural. | |||
** The genitive-dative plural is always identical to the nominative-accusative plural. | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== |
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