Naeng: Difference between revisions
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Spoken Rhythoed is pretty much the same in all three continents, except for accent and a few vocabulary differences. | Spoken Rhythoed is pretty much the same in all three continents, except for accent and a few vocabulary differences. | ||
Wen Dămea is heavily diglossic: literature and newscasts use a language much closer to Classical [[Windermere]]. Written Rhythoed in Fyxám and Bjeheond are very close to the spoken language, but they use different alphabets: Fyxám uses | Wen Dămea is heavily diglossic: literature and newscasts use a language much closer to Classical [[Windermere]]. Written Rhythoed in Fyxám and Bjeheond are very close to the spoken language, but they use different alphabets: Fyxám uses the Clofabic alphabet, while Bjeheond uses the Wiobian alphabet. | ||
===Phonological history=== | ===Phonological history=== |
Revision as of 01:37, 25 February 2018
Rhythoed (brits Răth’oyd or brits Dămea) is the most dominant modern descendant of Windermere, spoken all over Bjeheond and Fyxám and in much of Wen Dămea.
Todo
21 accents in Rhythoed?
Diachronics
Diglossia
Spoken Rhythoed is pretty much the same in all three continents, except for accent and a few vocabulary differences.
Wen Dămea is heavily diglossic: literature and newscasts use a language much closer to Classical Windermere. Written Rhythoed in Fyxám and Bjeheond are very close to the spoken language, but they use different alphabets: Fyxám uses the Clofabic alphabet, while Bjeheond uses the Wiobian alphabet.
Phonological history
- ə > 0 after aspirated consonants and fricatives. This makes the voicing alternation in the Classical Wdm. spirants f and th phonemic.
- r > ɹ in the Bjeheond dialect (Talma has an Icelandic/Philly accent and Bjeheond has a British RP-ish accent)
- l > ʟ in the Wen Dămea dialect
- ł > ś, ş > ṣ
Grammatical history
- Aspect largely becomes a derivational device, cf. the development of PIE aspects
- Grammaticalization of conjugated auxiliaries, leading to a tense system.
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ng /ŋ/ | ||||||
Plosive | unaspirated | b /p~b/ | d /t~d/ | g /k~g/ | |||||
aspirated | p /pʰ~p/ | t /tʰ~t/ | c /kʰ~k/ | ' /ʔ/ | |||||
Affricate | ts /ts/ | tł /tɕ/ | |||||||
Fricative | unvoiced | f /f/ | th /θ/ | s /s/ | ș /ʂ/ | ł /ɕ/ | ch /x/ | ||
voiced | f’ /v/ | th’ /ð/ | |||||||
Resonant | w /w/ | r /ɹ~ɻ~r/ | y /j/ | l /ʟ~ɫ/ |
Vowels
|
|
- Caveat: ir = ier, ur = uar, etc.
- [ɨ ʉ] are allophones of /i y/ after /ʂ ɹ/.
The Bjeheond dialect
Bjeheondian Rhythoed is non-rhotic: ir ür ur er or ar are pronounced /iə yə uə eə oə ɑə/. The stops b d g are voiced. The vowel ă is /ɨ/.
Vowels before /ʟ/
Stress
Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words.
Morphology
Verbs
Verbs are not conjugated, but are used with auxiliaries.
Auxiliaries
Tense auxiliaries
I | thou | he | she | it | we (exc.) | we (inc.) | you (pl.) | they | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present | mor | moł | mon | mos | mot | mots | mob | mong | mam |
preterite | chear | cheał | chean | chels | chelt | chelts | chelb | cheang | cheam |
future | per | perł | pern | pers | pert | perts | perb | perng | perm |
Emphatic auxiliaries: mor rie, moł łen, mon in ...
Syntax
AuxSVO
- Mor mi brits cdef clăbüh tef tsăgtsog.
- PRES-1SG LOC speak about-DEF love and-DEF hate
- I speak of love and hate.
- Mot fi rüech mi tsrin nef troas.
- PRES-it DEF bird LOC eat of-DEF seed
- The bird is eating a seed.
Sample texts
UDHR
in Bjeheondian Rhythoed:
Mam tsor croth fa thead lua te thar mis hăltlas tes imłin. Mam hac răfongüe yas hălfăthin tes hălslithma ...