West Carpathian grammar: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 15:40, 27 June 2018
In this article various aspects of West Carpathian grammar are discussed. Unlike the neighbouring languages, such as Slovak and Polish, which are the Slavic languages, West Carpathian belongs to the Oronaic language family, and is typologically between fusional and agglutinative languages.
Nouns
The West Carpathian language has gender category in nouns or even in personal pronouns, similarly to neighbouring Hungarian: sun is "he", "she", or "it", depending on the referent. There are no articles, meaning the definiteness is not distinguished.
Cases
West Carpathian has eleven cases: six grammatical cases, three locative cases, three directional cases. The most typical case endings are shown in the table below:
Case Ending Example Translation Grammatical nominative – oiva (a) head accusative different oivā head (as an object) genitive -ū/-ju oivū of (a) head dative -id/-cid oivid head (as an indirect object) instrumental -inä'/-ina oivina by means of (a) head essive -pä/-pa oivapa as (a) head Locative inessive -utu oivautu in (a) head adessive -ie/-uo oivuo on (a) head apudessive -ve/-vo oivavo at/near (a) head Directional illative -ēn/-oan oivoan into (a) head lative -ivä/-iva oiviva to (a) head allative -ehe/-aho oivaho onto (a) head