Dãterške: Difference between revisions
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===Chemistry=== | ===Chemistry=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="mw-expanded mw-collapsible wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;width:60%" | ||
|+Dãterške Periodic table of the Elements | |+style="font-size:100%;"|Dãterške Periodic table of the Elements | ||
|- | |- | ||
!style="text-align:left;"|{{small|[[:w:Group (periodic table)|Group]] | !style="text-align:left;"|{{small|[[:w:Group (periodic table)|Group]] ↓}} | ||
! | !style="text-align:left;"|{{small|[[:w:Period (periodic table)|Period]] →}} | ||
! | !style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Period 1 element|1]] | ||
! | !style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Period 2 element|2]] | ||
!style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Period 3 element|3]] | |||
!style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Period 4 element|4]] | |||
!style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Period 5 element|5]] | |||
!style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Period 6 element|6]] | |||
!style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Period 7 element|7]] | |||
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|- | |- | ||
!style=" | !colspan=2 style="background:#e8e8e8;font-size:100%"|[[:w:Alkali metal|1]] | ||
|'''H'''<br>[[Contionary:һыд#Dãterške|һыд]]/'ыд | |||
|'''Li'''<br>[[Contionary:лиц#Dãterške|лиц]] | |||
|'''Na'''<br>[[Contionary:нҍид#Dãterške|нҍид]] | |||
|'''K'''<br>[[Contionary:кчил#Dãterške|кчил]] | |||
|'''Rb'''<br>[[Contionary:дриб#Dãterške|дриб]] | |||
|'''Cs'''<br>[[Contionary:ҝиԇ#Dãterške|ҝиԇ]] | |||
|'''Fr'''<br>[[Contionary:фғинћ#Dãterške|фғинћ]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[:w: | !colspan=2 style="background:#e8e8e8;font-size:100%"|[[:w:Alkaline earth metal|2]] | ||
| | |rowspan=30| | ||
| | |'''Be'''<br>[[Contionary:бірљ#Dãterške|бірљ]] | ||
| | |'''Mg'''<br>[[Contionary:міџ#Dãterške|міџ]] | ||
|'''Ca'''<br>[[Contionary:гҍілс#Dãterške|гҍілс]] | |||
|'''Sr'''<br>[[Contionary:щӀіһ#Dãterške|щӀіһ]] | |||
|'''Ba'''<br>[[Contionary:бірь#Dãterške|бірь]] | |||
|'''Ra'''<br>[[Contionary:ҝрішд#Dãterške|ҝрішд]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[:w: | !colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 3 element|3]] | ||
| | |rowspan=24 colspan=2| | ||
|'''Sc'''<br>[[Contionary:щӀэй#Dãterške|щӀэй]] | |||
|'''Y'''<br>[[Contionary:йэт#Dãterške|йэт]] | |||
|'''La'''<br>[[Contionary:лңҍяп#Dãterške|лңҍяп]] | |||
|'''Ac'''<br>[[Contionary:'ӹџҍ#Dãterške|'ӹџҍ]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[:w: | !colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F1]] | ||
| | |rowspan=14 colspan=2| | ||
|'''Ce'''<br>[[Contionary:сярп#Dãterške|сярп]] | |||
|'''Th'''<br>[[Contionary:цӹрь#Dãterške|цӹрь]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[:w: | !colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F2]] | ||
|'''Pr'''<br>[[Contionary:прязд#Dãterške|прязд]] | |||
| | |'''Pa'''<br>[[Contionary:прӹђъ#Dãterške|прӹђъ]] | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[:w: | !colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F3]] | ||
|'''Nd'''<br>[[Contionary:лњяд#Dãterške|лњяд]] | |||
| | |'''U'''<br>[[Contionary:ўӹрңҝ#Dãterške|ўӹрңҝ]] | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[:w: | !colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F4]] | ||
|'''Pm'''<br>[[Contionary:пяһ#Dãterške|пяһ]] | |||
| | |'''Np'''<br>[[Contionary:нпӹгҝ#Dãterške|нпӹгҝ]] | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[:w: | !colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F5]] | ||
|'''Sm'''<br>[[Contionary:смяһр#Dãterške|смяһр]] | |||
|'''Pu'''<br>[[Contionary:пъӹхң#Dãterške|пъӹхң]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[:w: | !colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F6]] | ||
| | |'''Eu'''<br>[[Contionary:пяб#Dãterške|пяб]] | ||
| | |'''Am'''<br>[[Contionary:ӑӹмь#Dãterške|ӑӹмь]] | ||
| | |- | ||
| | !colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F7]] | ||
| | |'''Gd'''<br>[[Contionary:дяҗ#Dãterške|дяҗ]]/гяҗ | ||
| | |'''Cm'''<br>[[Contionary:кӹрҝ#Dãterške|кӹрҝ]] | ||
| | |- | ||
| | !colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F8]] | ||
| | |'''Tb'''<br>[[Contionary:тярб#Dãterške|тярб]] | ||
| | |'''Bk'''<br>[[Contionary:вкӹԇҝ#Dãterške|вкӹԇҝ]] | ||
| | |- | ||
| | !colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F9]] | ||
| | |'''Dy'''<br>[[Contionary:рдясп#Dãterške|рдясп]] | ||
| | |'''Cf'''<br>[[Contionary:пфӹњҝ#Dãterške|пфӹњҝ]] | ||
| | |- | ||
| | !colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F10]] | ||
| | |'''Ho'''<br>[[Contionary:һял#Dãterške|һял]] | ||
| | |'''Es'''<br>[[Contionary:йӹнст#Dãterške|йӹнст]] | ||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F11]] | |||
|'''Er'''<br>[[Contionary:һряц#Dãterške|һряц]] | |||
|'''Fm'''<br>[[Contionary:фмӹрь#Dãterške|фмӹрь]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F12]] | |||
|'''Tm'''<br>[[Contionary:цялм#Dãterške|цялм]] | |||
|'''Md'''<br>[[Contionary:мдңӹл#Dãterške|мдңӹл]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F13]] | |||
|'''Yb'''<br>[[Contionary:йят#Dãterške|йят]] | |||
|'''No'''<br>[[Contionary:њӹбҝ#Dãterške|њӹбҝ]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F14]] | |||
|'''Lu'''<br>[[Contionary:ляӑт#Dãterške|ляӑт]] | |||
|'''Lr'''<br>[[Contionary:лрӹнџ#Dãterške|лрӹнџ]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 4 element|4]] | |||
|'''Ti'''<br>[[Contionary:тэпӀ#Dãterške|тэпӀ]] | |||
|'''Zr'''<br>[[Contionary:крэз#Dãterške|крэз]] | |||
|'''Hf'''<br>[[Contionary:хӭфң#Dãterške|хӭфң]] | |||
|'''Rf'''<br>[[Contionary:рфӭдь#Dãterške|рфӭдь]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 5 element|5]] | |||
|'''V'''<br>[[Contionary:внэлб#Dãterške|внэлб]] | |||
|'''Nb'''<br>[[Contionary:њэў#Dãterške|њэў]] | |||
|'''Ta'''<br>[[Contionary:тӀӭп#Dãterške|тӀӭп]] | |||
|'''Db'''<br>[[Contionary:дбӭўн#Dãterške|дбӭўн]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 6 element|6]] | |||
|'''Cr'''<br>[[Contionary:хрьэлм#Dãterške|хрьэлм]] | |||
|'''Mo'''<br>[[Contionary:љэйд#Dãterške|љэйд]] | |||
|'''W'''<br>[[Contionary:ўӭлӵ#Dãterške|ўӭлӵ]] | |||
|'''Sg'''<br>[[Contionary:сгӭӵ#Dãterške|сгӭӵ]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 7 element|7]] | |||
|'''Mn'''<br>[[Contionary:мнэг#Dãterške|мнэг]]/њэмг | |||
|'''Tc'''<br>[[Contionary:йтэхц#Dãterške|йтэхц]] | |||
|'''Re'''<br>[[Contionary:рңӭщц#Dãterške|рңӭщц]] | |||
|'''Bh'''<br>[[Contionary:бһӭр#Dãterške|бһӭр]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 8 element|8]] | |||
|'''Fe'''<br>[[Contionary:фэҗ#Dãterške|фэҗ]] | |||
|'''Ru'''<br>[[Contionary:рэԇ#Dãterške|рэԇ]] | |||
|'''Os'''<br>[[Contionary:ӑӭљш#Dãterške|ӑӭљш]] | |||
|'''Hs'''<br>[[Contionary:һсӭӑ#Dãterške|һсӭӑ]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 9 element|9]] | |||
|'''Co'''<br>[[Contionary:ҝэҗ#Dãterške|ҝэҗ]] | |||
|'''Rh'''<br>[[Contionary:рһэд#Dãterške|рһэд]] | |||
|'''Ir'''<br>[[Contionary:ӑӭрд#Dãterške|ӑӭрд]] | |||
|'''Mt'''<br>[[Contionary:мтӭрң#Dãterške|мтӭрң]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 10 element|10]] | |||
|'''Ni'''<br>[[Contionary:њэҗ#Dãterške|њэҗ]] | |||
|'''Pd'''<br>[[Contionary:спэљ#Dãterške|спэљ]] | |||
|'''Pt'''<br>[[Contionary:ӑӭп#Dãterške|ӑӭп]] | |||
|'''Ds'''<br>[[Contionary:дшӭғм#Dãterške|дшӭғм]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 11 element|11]] | |||
|'''Cu'''<br>[[Contionary:гэп#Dãterške|гэп]] | |||
|'''Ag'''<br>[[Contionary:сэп#Dãterške|сэп]] | |||
|'''Au'''<br>[[Contionary:ӑӭўж#Dãterške|ӑӭўж]] | |||
|'''Rg'''<br>[[Contionary:ргӭөтң#Dãterške|ргӭтң]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 12 element|12]] | |||
|'''Zn'''<br>[[Contionary:ԇэн#Dãterške|ԇэн]] | |||
|'''Cd'''<br>[[Contionary:хэд#Dãterške|хэд]] | |||
|'''Hg'''<br>[[Contionary:ғмӭлһ#Dãterške|ғмӭлһ]] | |||
|'''Cn'''<br>[[Contionary:цнӭрп#Dãterške|цнӭрп]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="background:#e8e8e8;font-size:100%"|[[:w:Boron group|13]] | |||
|'''B'''<br>[[Contionary:бөд#Dãterške|бөд]] | |||
|'''Al'''<br>[[Contionary:ӑљөм#Dãterške|ӑљөм]] | |||
|'''Ga'''<br>[[Contionary:гҍөљ#Dãterške|гҍөљ]] | |||
|'''In'''<br>[[Contionary:ӵөдң#Dãterške|ӵөдң]] | |||
|'''Tl'''<br> [[Contionary:цөл#Dãterške|цөл]] | |||
|'''Nh'''<br>[[Contionary:нһөџң#Dãterške|нһөџң]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="background:#f0f0f0;font-size:100%"|[[:w:Carbon group|14]] | |||
|'''C'''<br>[[Contionary:гсъарб#Dãterške|гсъарб]] | |||
|'''Si'''<br>[[Contionary:саљ#Dãterške|саљ]] | |||
|'''Ge'''/'''Esi'''<br>[[Contionary:дач#Dãterške|дач]] | |||
|'''Sn'''<br>[[Contionary:тсан#Dãterške|тсан]] | |||
|'''Pb'''<br>[[Contionary:пћаџб#Dãterške|пћаџб]] | |||
|'''Fl'''<br>[[Contionary:фларв#Dãterške|фларв]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="background:#f8f8f8;font-size:100%"|[[:w:Pnictogen|15]] | |||
|'''N'''<br>[[Contionary:нхлетң#Dãterške|нхлетң]] | |||
|'''P'''<br>[[Contionary:пресң#Dãterške|пресң]] | |||
|'''As'''<br>[[Contionary:сбехңт#Dãterške|сбехңт]] | |||
|'''Sb'''<br>[[Contionary:њхңет#Dãterške|њхңет]] | |||
|'''Bi'''<br>[[Contionary:ԇңелғ#Dãterške|ԇңелғ]] | |||
|'''Mc'''<br>[[Contionary:мскевң#Dãterške|мскевң]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="background:#f8f8f8;font-size:100%"|[[:w:Chalcogen|16]] | |||
|'''O'''<br>[[Contionary:һок#Dãterške|һок]] | |||
|'''S'''<br>[[Contionary:сњоб#Dãterške|сњоб]] | |||
|'''Se'''<br>[[Contionary:срол#Dãterške|срол]] | |||
|'''Te'''<br>[[Contionary:тољ#Dãterške|тољ]] | |||
|'''Po'''<br>[[Contionary:ҝпор#Dãterške|ҝпор]] | |||
|'''Lv'''<br>[[Contionary:лворҝ#Dãterške|лворҝ]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="background:#f8f8f8;font-size:100%"|[[:w:Halogen|17]] | |||
|'''F'''<br>[[Contionary:фюңл#Dãterške|фюңл]] | |||
|'''Cl'''<br>[[Contionary:хюңл#Dãterške|хюңл]] | |||
|'''Br'''<br>[[Contionary:люңб#Dãterške|люңб]] | |||
|'''I'''<br>[[Contionary:йюңдь#Dãterške|йюңдь]] | |||
|'''At'''<br>[[Contionary:ҝюңӵ#Dãterške|ҝюңӵ]] | |||
|'''Ts'''<br>[[Contionary:тсюңԇ#Dãterške|тсюңԇ]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2 style="background:#f8f8f8;font-size:100%"|[[:w:Noble gas|18]] | |||
|'''He'''<br>[[Contionary:һұл#Dãterške|һұл]] | |||
|'''Ne'''<br>[[Contionary:ғњӥд#Dãterške|ғњӥд]] | |||
|'''Ar'''<br>[[Contionary:хрёђ#Dãterške|хрёђ]] | |||
|'''Kr'''<br>[[Contionary:крєћң#Dãterške|крєћң]] | |||
|'''Xe'''<br>[[Contionary:хсьәм#Dãterške|хсьәм]] | |||
|'''Rn'''<br>[[Contionary:ҝрӕун#Dãterške|ҝрӕун]] | |||
|'''Og'''<br>[[Contionary:ӑгӧњ#Dãterške|ӑгӧњ]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 03:08, 11 December 2018
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Nouns decline according to... | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Definiteness | Gender | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Person | Number | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tense | Aspect |
Danterske | |
---|---|
Дантэршкэ Дантэрскэ атӕжӀұец | |
The official flag of the Scientific Nation & the Danter people. | |
Pronunciation | [/t̬antʰɛrʃkʰɛ/ /t̬antʰɛrskʰɛ atʰəʒd͡ʒyjet͡n̥/] |
Created by | Elliott Wheeler |
A priori languages
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | dle |
Dãterške (Дантэршкэ, Дантэрскэ атӕжӀұец) is a language created by Elliott Wheeler originally desiğned to suit the needs of the scientific community. Due to several drastic changes during the course of its development, the language is loosely based off of Proto-Altaic, various Slavic languages, and her native idiolect of English, but is ultimately a priori.
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
The orthgraphy of Dãterške is a Cyrillic alphabet, and is mostly to entirely phonemic, if not phonetic, in that each letter corresponds directly to a single (1) sound or modification on a sound (such as [◌ʼ], [◌ˤ], [◌̃], etC). Because of its relatively large phonemic inventory, the language had to use relatively unconventional uses and extensions for the letters in modern Cyrillic. Listed below are all of the characters in the alphabet and associated values in other systems, in no particular order due to the lack of an unarbitrary glyph-order for the language.
Letter | IPA Sound | Letter Name | IPA Letter Name | Scientific Latin transliteration |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ӏ | /◌ʼ/ | пӀ'алєчһа | /pʼʡalot͡ʃħa/ | ‡ (ʼ) |
' | /ʡ/~[ʔ] | нруцӕфих пӀ'алєчһа | /nrut͡n̥əfɪx pʼʡalot͡ʃħa/ | ʔ ' |
і | /ʲi/ | пӀ'алєчһих і | /pʼʡalot͡ʃħɪx iː/ | İ i |
а | /a/ | а | /a/ | A a |
ӑ | /ʕ/ | нруцӕфих ӑа | /nrut͡n̥əfɪx ʕa/ | Ă ă (ʕ ʿ) |
я | /ʲɒ/ | я | /ɒ/ | Â â |
ә | /æ/ | ә | /æ/ | Æ æ |
ӕ | /ə/ | ӕ | /ə/ | Ä ä (Ə ə) |
э | /ɛ/ | э | /ɛ/ | E e |
ӭ | /ɘ/ | ӭ' or птрђих ӭ | /ɘʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ɘ/ | Ë ë |
ө | /ɞ/ | ө | /ɞ/ | Œ œ |
є | /ʲo/ | є | /o/ | Ĕ ĕ (Ô ô) |
е | /ʲe/ | е | /e/ | Ê ê |
ё | /ʲø/~[ʲɵ] | ё' or птрђих ё | /øʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ø/ | È è |
и | /ɪ/ | и | /ɪ/ | I ı |
ӥ | /i/ | ӥ' or птрђих ӥ | /iʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx i/ | Ï ï |
й | /j/ | нруцӕфих йи | /nrut͡n̥əfɪx jɪ/ | Ĭ ĭ (J j) |
о | /ʌ/ | о | /ʌ/ | O o |
ӧ | /ɤ/ | ӧ' or птрђих ӧ | /ɤʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ɤ/ | Ö ö |
у | /u/ | у | /u/ | U u |
ў | /w/ | нруцӕфих ўу | /nrut͡n̥əfɪx wu/ | Ŭ ŭ (W w) |
ұ | /y/ | ұ or пӀ'алєчһих ұ | /y/ or /pʼʡalot͡ʃħɪx y/ | Ù ù |
ю | /ʲɯ/ | ю | /ɯ/ | Û û |
ы | /ɨ/ | ы | /ɨ/ | Y y |
ӹ | /ʉ/ | ӹ' or птрђих ӹ | /ʉʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ʉ/ | Ÿ ÿ |
м | /ɱ/ | эм | /ɛɱ/ | M m |
н | /n/ | эн | /ɛn/ | N n |
ң | /◌̃/ | р'ьәњӕы эң or пӀ'алєчһих эң | /rʡʲæɲəɨ ɛ̃/ or /pʼʡalot͡ʃħɪx ɛ̃/ | Ņ ņ |
ц | /t͡n̥/~[θ] | цэ | /t͡n̥ɛ/ | C c |
њ | /ɲ/ | њэ | /ɲɛ/ | N̂ n̂ (Ñ ñ) |
б | /p̬/~[b̪] | эб | /ɛp̬/ | B b |
п | /pʰ/ | пэ | /p̪ʰɛ/ | P p |
д | /t̬/~[d̟] | эд | /ɛt̬/ | D d |
т | /tʰ/~[t̟ʰ] | тэ | /tʰɛ/ | T t |
џ | /d͡ʒ/ | эџ | /ɛd͡ʒ/ | D̂ d̂ |
ч | /t͡ʃ/ | чэ | /t͡ʃɛ/ | Č č |
ђ | /c̬/~[ɟ] | эђ | /ɛc̬/ | Đ đ |
ћ | /cʰ/ | эћ | /cʰɛ/ | Ć ć |
ӵ | /c͡ç/ | ӵэ | /c͡çɛ/ | C̈ c̈ |
г | /k̬/~[g] | эг | /ɛk̬/ | G g |
к | /kʰ/ | кэ | /kʰɛ/ | K k |
ҝ | /q͡χ/ | ҝэ | /q͡χɛ/ | Q q |
в | /v/ | ве | /vʲe/ | V v |
ф | /f/ | еф | /ef/ | F f |
з | /z/ | зе | /z̟ʲe/ | Z z |
с | /s/ | ес | /es̟/ | S s |
ԇ | /sˤ/~[z̥] | ԇөд | /sˤɞt̬/ | Sz sz |
ж | /ʒ/ | же | /ʒʲe/ | Ž ž |
ш | /ʃ/ | еш | /eʃ/ | Š š |
җ | /ʝ/ | җе | /ʝe/ | Ẑ ẑ |
щ | /ç/ | ещ | /eç/ | Ŝ ŝ |
ғ | /ɣ/ | ғе | /ɣʲe/ | Ġ ġ |
х | /x/ | ех | /ex/ | X x |
һ | /ħ/~[h] | һе | /ħʲe/ | H h |
р | /r/~[ɹ] | ер | /er/ | R r |
ь | /j/~/◌ʲ/ | ьерь or йерь | /jerʲ/ | ′ |
ъ | /w/~/◌ʷ/ | ъеръ or ўеръ | /werʷ/ | ″ |
ҍ | /ʕ/~/◌ˤ/ | ҍерҍ or ӑерҍ | /ʕerˤ/ | ‴ |
л | /l/~[ɮ] | ел | /el/ | L l |
љ | /ʎ/ | љер | /ʎer/ | L̂ l̂ (Ł ł) |
Consonants
Labiodental | Denti-alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal/Uvelar | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | 2 artic. | |||||||
Nasal | ɱ (м) | n (н) | t͡n̥~θ (ц) | ɲ (њ) | ||||
Plosive | aspirated | pʰ (п) | tʰ (т) | cʰ (ћ) | kʰ (к) | ʡ (') | ||
lenis | p̬ (б) | t̬ (д) | c̬ (ђ) | k̬ (г) | ||||
ejective | pʼ (пӀ) | tʼ (тӀ) | t͡ʃʼ (чӀ) | cʼ (ћӀ) | kʼ (кӀ) | qʼ (ҝӀ) | ||
Affricate | voiceless | p͡f (пф) | t͡s (тс) | t͡ʃ (ч) | c͡ç (ӵ) | q͡χ~k͡xʷ (ҝ) | ||
ʃt͡ʃ (щӀ) | ||||||||
voiced | b͡v (бв) | d͡z (дз) | d͡ʒ (џ) | |||||
ʒd͡ʒ (җӀ) | ||||||||
nasal release | t̃ʰ (тң) | t͡ʃ̃ⁿ (чң) | c̃ʰ (ћң) | g̊ⁿ (кң,гң) | ||||
dⁿ~nˑ (дң) | d͡ʒ̃ⁿ (џң) | ɟⁿ~ɲˑ (ђң) | ||||||
Fricative | voiceless | f (ф) | s[note 1] (с) | sˤ~z̥[note 1] (ԇ) | ʃ (ш) | ç (щ) | x (х) | ħ (һ) |
voiced | v (в) | z[note 1] (з) | zʲ (зь) | ʒ (ж) | ʝ (җ) | ɣ (ғ) | ||
nasalized | f̃ (фң) | s̃ (сң) | s̃ˤ (ԇң) | ʃ̃ (шң) | ç̃ (щң) | x̃ (хң) | ||
ṽ (вң) | z̃ (зң) | ʒ̃ (жң) | ||||||
Approximant | r~ɹ (р) | r̃ (рң) | rʲ (рь) | j (ь,й) | w (ъ,ў) | ʕ (ҍ,ӑ) | ||
Lateral | oral | l~ɮ (л) | ʎ (љ) | |||||
nasalized | l̃ (лң) | ʎ̃ (љң) |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | ||
Close | oral | i (ӥ) ʲi(ː) (і) | y (ұ) | ɨ (ы) | ʉ (ӹ) | u (у) | |
nasal | ĩ (ің/ӥң) | ỹ (ұң) | ɨ̃ (ың) | ʉ̃ (ӹң) | ũ (уң) | ||
Near-close | oral | ɪ (и) | ʲɯ (ю) | ||||
nasal | ɪ̃ (иң) | ɯ̃ (юң) | |||||
Close-mid | oral | ʲe (е) | ɘ (ӭ) | ʲø~ʲɵ (ё) | ɤ (ӧ) | ʲo (є) | |
nasal | ẽ (ең) | ɘ̃ (ӭң) | ø̃~ɵ̃ (ёң) | ɤ̃ (ӧң) | õ (єң) | ||
Open-mid | oral | ɛ (э) | ə (ӕ) | ɞ (ө) | ʌ (о) | ||
nasal | ɛ̃ (эң) | ə̃ (ӕң) | ɞ̃ (өң) | ʌ̃ (оң) | |||
Near-open | oral | æ (ә) | |||||
nasal | æ̃ (әң) | ||||||
Open | oral | a (а) | ʲɒ (я) | ||||
nasal | ã (аң) | ɒ̃ (яң) |
Prosody
Another relatively unique feature of the language is that it has no phonemic stress, intonation, or even syllable-boundaries, thus forcing both the speaker & listener either to innovate all the likely possibilities of the prosody of a given sentence or analyze it purely as a sequence of sounds. However, it is important to note that, at least for casual speech, primary stress and/or hiğ-tone is often placed on the initial syllable of a word, and secondary stress and/or mid-tone is often trochaic (placed in repeating patterns of stressed-unstressed) from the beginning of the word. An exception to the rule of casual stress would be a syllable containing a lengthened or ава (rouğf) vowel, which is stressed by default.
Phonotactics
Syllable Structure: (W/N)(C)6(W)2V/-P2(W)2(C)4(W/N)
Where:
- C = Consonant
- N = Nasal consonant
- -P = Non-plosive
- V = Vowel
- W = Semivowel
- /r/, /rʲ/, /r̃/ cannot immediately follow a Palato-alveolar consonant.
- Unstressed /ʲi/, /ʲe/, /ʲø/, /ʲɒ/, /ʲo/, /ʲɯ/ cannot preceed liquids and will become lengthened /ː/ and/or undergo ава-ућу mutation.
- Adjacent consonants with multiple similar features may merge (their Places of Articulation).
- Lenis Stops are not released syllable-finally or preceeding other Stops.
- Complex consonant clusters with non-plosives >C6 become syllabic.
- /j/, /w/, /ʕ/, /r/, /rʲ/, /r̃/, /l/, /ʎ/, /l̃/, /ʎ̃/, /ʡ/ become devoiced after Aspirated Stops and assimilate with the plosive.
- Voiced and unvoiced equivalents of a consonant cannot be adjacent unless at a syllable boundary.
- /t͡n̥l/ cannot occur.
Ава-ућу vowel correspondence
Series # | Ава | Ућу |
---|---|---|
1 | А | Е |
2 | Ә | Ӭ |
3 | И | Ӕ |
4 | Э Ө | |
5 | О | У |
6 | Є | І |
7 | Ӥ | Ы |
8 | Ӧ | Ұ |
9 | Ю | Ӹ |
10 | Я | Ё |
11 | аў,ӑу | єұ |
12 | Р | Л |
Morphophonology
Due to the language being a semi-agglutinative language, little pure morphophonological processes take place other than the characteristic Danterian vowel mutation. Because of this process alone, one could either analyze the language’s morphological typology as an agglutinative language with ablauting morphemes, or as a minor fusional language without sandhi. One could argue that there is a complex system of vowel harmony underlying every word, but if existing, such is yet to be decoded.
Morphology
Syntax
Constituent order
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Example texts
- The Internationale - ТрәнњещӀьахимнһц
- Even when issues arise - шԇөтңжелф хжалд'с ды җӀұйец бољата
- Hansu Hansuen - Дихтатэрин ды дихтатэрин'с
Swadesh list