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===Nouns===
===Nouns===
====Number====
====Number====
There are two kinds of non-singular number:
There are two kinds of traditional non-singular number:
* Plural, which uses -(e)s to mark the plural.
* Plural, which uses -(e)s to mark the plural.
* Collective, which generally is marked with -on (e.g. *augô, *augōnō become oyo, oyon (eye, eyes)).
* Collective, which generally is marked with -on(e.g. *augô, *augōnō become oyo, oyon (eye, eyes)).
 
In addition, in the Late Modern language, when a plural noun is the actor and agrees with a verb in number, it can be substituted with the collective, with the collective suffix being stressed (e.g. -ón). This is a dissimilatory process, and is associated with educated speech. The repetitiveness of the final -s in the nominal and verbal plural forms is seen as a little bit repetitive.
 
The use of -ón as a general nominal plural is considered colloquial.


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
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* ameliorative infinitive: gebano /xeˈβano/, /ˈxeβano/
* ameliorative infinitive: gebano /xeˈβano/, /ˈxeβano/
* tonic doublet: geuna /ˈxeuna/
* tonic doublet: geuna /ˈxeuna/


====Finite declension====
====Finite declension====
Unlike other Germanic languages, Ceuja has generally regularised verbs, although doublets have been formed from different tense forms (even retaining their tense distinctions sometimes).
Unlike other Germanic languages, Ceuja has generally regularised verbs, although doublets have been formed from different tense forms (even retaining their tense distinctions sometimes).


====Early modern declension====
 
====Early Modern declension====
This is the traditional declension of Early Modern Ceuja, with variant forms in italics.
This is the traditional declension of Early Modern Ceuja, with variant forms in italics.


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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!colspan=7| Declension "to give"
!colspan=7| "to give"
|-
|-
!rowspan=2| Infinite forms
! Infinitive I
! Infinitive I
| geban || *gebaną̆
| geban || *gebaną̆
! Present participle
| gebando || *gebandz
|-
|-
! Infinitive II
! Infinitive II
| geuna ||  *gebăną
| geuna ||  *gebăną
! Past Participle
| gebá || *geba-daz
|-
|-
! Present tense !!colspan=2| Singular !!colspan=2| Dual !!colspan=2| Plural
! Present tense !!colspan=2| Singular !!colspan=2| Dual !!colspan=2| Plural
|-
!
! Ceuja !! PGmc
! Ceuja !! PGmc
! Ceuja !! PGmc
|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!colspan=7| Declension "to have"
!colspan=7| "to have"
|-
|-
!rowspan=2| Infinite forms
! Infinitive I
! Infinitive I
| ejan || *habjaną̆
| ejan || *habjaną̆
! Present participle
| ejando || *habjandz
|-
|-
! Infinitive II
! Infinitive II
| yena ||  * habjăną
| yena ||  *habjăną
! Past Participle
| ejá || *habja-daz
|-
|-
! Present tense !!colspan=2| Singular !!colspan=2| Dual !!colspan=2| Plural
! Present tense !!colspan=2| Singular !!colspan=2| Dual !!colspan=2| Plural
|-
!
! Ceuja !! PGmc
! Ceuja !! PGmc
! Ceuja !! PGmc
|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ejo || *habjō
| ejo || *habjō
| ejos || *habjōs
| ejos || *habjōs
| ejas, ''yemas'' || * habjamaz
| ejas, ''yemas'' || *habjamaz
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
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|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ejez, ''eje'' || * habaiþi
| ejez, ''eje'' || *habaiþi
| - || -
| - || -
| eje, ''ejande, ejaz'' || habjanþi
| eje, ''ejande, ejaz'' || *habjanþi
|}
|}


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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!colspan=7| Declension "to miss"
!colspan=7| "to miss"
|-
|-
!rowspan=2| Infinite forms
! Infinitive I
! Infinitive I
|colspan=3| aban || *habd-aną
| aban || *habd-aną
! Present participle
| abando || *habd-andz
|-
|-
! Infinitive II
! Infinitive II
|colspan=3| auna || *habd-aną
| auna || *habd-aną
! Past Participle
| abá || *habd-adaz
|-
|-
! Present tense !!colspan=2| Singular !!colspan=2| Dual !!colspan=2| Plural
! Present tense !!colspan=2| Singular !!colspan=2| Dual !!colspan=2| Plural
|-
!
! Ceuja !! PGmc
! Ceuja !! PGmc
! Ceuja !! PGmc
|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
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| abes || *habdēz
| abes || *habdēz
| abaces, ''abaz''  || * habd-aþiz
| abaces, ''abaz''  || * habd-aþiz
| abe, ''abed ~ abez'' || * habd-aiþ
| abe, ''abed ~ abez'' || *habd-aiþ
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| abez, ''abe'' || *habdē
| abez, ''abe'' || *habdē
| - || -
| - || -
| aban, ''abande, abaz'' || habd-anþi
| aban, ''abande, abaz'' || *habd-anþi
|}
 
 
====Late Modern declension====
The Late Modern language has drastically restructured the verbal system, levelling both persons and numbers into a more regular system, and reinnovating the participles.
 
In addition, tense has become more marked with the use of ''duén'' "to do" prefixed before the verb (de- for the past, from fossilised doublet ''dién'' "to have done, to have experience doing", and do- optionally for the imperative).
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=3| "to give"
|-
!rowspan=2| Infinitives
! Infinitive I
| geban
|-
! Infinitive II
| geuna
|-
!rowspan=2| Participles
! Present-active
| geunén (gebanén)
|-
! Past-passive
| de-geuná (de-gebaná, -én)
|-
! Present !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1st
| gebo || gebos
|-
! 2nd, 3rd
| gebez || gebaces
|-
! 1st inclu.
| - || gebas (geumas)
|-
! 4th
| gebe || -
|-
! Past !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1st
| de-gebo || de-gebos
|-
! 2nd, 3rd
| de-gebez || de-gebaces
|-
! 1st inclu.
| - || de-gebas (de-geumas)
|-
! 4th
| de-gebe || -
|-
!rowspan=2| Imperative !! Exclusive !! Inclusive
|-
| (do-)gebe || (do-)geumas (geumás)
|}
|}


====Late modern declension===


The future tense is marked with the fully inflected auxiliary verb ''escolan ~ escoran'', although it too is being transformed into a non-inflecting future prefix ''co(r)- ~ jo(r)-'', with the markedly colloquial form ''cho(r)-''.
For example:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Translation  !! Formal !! Colloquial !! Informal
|-
| You(.PL) will give me it || Esbe escolaces mes za geban || Esbe mes za co-gebaces ||  Ombe me'zza chor-gebaces
|-
| We will have it ||  Os escolos za ejan || Os mes za co-ejos || On za chor-ejos
|-
<!--| I will drag it || Y escolo za dreyan || Y za cho'-dreyo, y za co-dreyo (?)
|- -->
| I will drag it there || Y escolo za tuyan a zal || Y za co-tuyo zalén || Y za cho(r)-tuyo zalén <!-- zuyo, teuyo - teuhaną -->
|}


<br />
<br />
==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
A preliminary wordlist:
A preliminary wordlist:
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