Aeranir Lexicon

A

aber

[ˈa.bɛr] n. t.
GEN.SG abrī

From PI aðros, from PME ḫešróš “fish.”

1. fish; the animal, not the food

Descendants:

• Dalot: abru
• Ilesse: ovru
• Iscariano: abro
• Îredese: abru
• S'entigneis: avre
• Tevrés: avre

aceltiç

[aˈkɛɫ.tɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF acëltīghan; PFV.PTCP acelsus; OPT.1SG acelsid; PFV.1SG acëltīvī

from ac and alta.

1. it waters me, it gives me water
   • aceltiate tlānae umō
     I water flowers for my mother.

Descendants:

• Dalot: agheltía
• Ilesse: ajeutia
• Iscariano: acceltìa
• Îredese: celtie
• S'entigneis: azeutie
• Tevrés: azeutía

aecū

[ˈɛː.kuː] pro.
GEN teī

From PME ḫeikuḥ.

1. first person singular pronoun; I, me, my, etc.

Clitics: NOM te; GEN tī; ACC tis

aedal

[ˈɛː.daɫ] n. c.
GEN.SG aedālis

From aedaç + -al.

1. deep, romantic love, which may sometimes be overwhelming; romantic obsession, longing, affection, care.
2. attachment, craving, desire

Descendants:

• Dalot: edale
• Ilesse: eai
• Iscariano: idale
• Îredese: dare
• S'entigneis: ëal
• Tevrés: eal

aedaç

[ˈɛː.dat͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF aedāghan; PFV.PTCP aedātus; OPT.1SG aedārid; PFV.1SG aedāvī

From PI aiðāts, from PME ḫeid- a term of affection

1. it loves me

affëriç

[ˈaf.fæ.rɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF afferëghan; PFV.PTCP affertus; OPT.1SG afferrid; PFV.1SG affērī

From ac + feriç.

1. it take me, it carries me (an inanimate object) away, it bears me
   • affërēsne tīn motō matëris
     You should take the tea to the senator.

agēnsun

[ˈa.ɟɪt͡s] n. e.
GEN.SG agēnsī

from agiç.

1. allotment

Descendants:

• S'entigneis: aïs
• Tevrés: aes

agiç

[ˈa.ɟɪt͡s] v. di.
IMPF.INF agëghan; PFV.PTCP āctus; OPT.1SG āxid; PFV.1SG ēgī

From PI agets, from PME ḫeyy- “to sow.”

1. it gives me (time, money, goods), It donates (something) to me
   • āxe mater hānō sēdis etum binne
     The senator would like to donate one hundred horses to the temple of Sede.
2. it does me, it performs me, it conducts me, it rules me
   • ēge cerennum perse
     They ruled their kingdom fairly.
3. it applies me (makeup), it adds me (ornamentation, annotation)
4. it sows me, it seeds me, it scatters me, it sprinkles me
5. it spreads me far and wide

Derived terms:

• agēnsun ("allotment, dole")

agnun

[ˈãŋ.nũː] n. e.
GEN.SG agnī

From PI aŋnom, from PME ḫeyy-n-ó “seed,” from root ḫeyy “to sow.”

1. seed (of a plant), pip, kind, variety, quality, tone
2. material (for an article), matter (of a story), subject, theme
   • gēm matërir agnō dentus iovēva salvan
     They wrote a book about senatorial matters.
3. cause, source
4. sperm, semen

Descendants:

• Dalot: amu
• Ilesse: einu
• Iscariano: agno
• Îredese: îmn
• S'entigneis: aing
• Tevrés: año

allor

[ˈal.lɔr] v. stat.
IMPF.INF allissī; PFV.PTCP alsus; OPT.1SG alsor; PFV.1SG alō

From PI alnōr, from PME ḫelḥ “to be grown, feed, nourished, happy, prosperous.”

1. I am fast, quick, hasty, brisk
   • hicallërur vōmen imnī
     The river is not excessively fast.
2. I am early, premature
3. I am (too) soon, not yet, (too) early

alta

[ˈaɫ.ta] n. c.
GEN.SG altae

From PI altā, from PME ḫélḥ “to be grown, feed, nourished, happy, prosperous.”

1. water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water)

Descendants:

• Dalot: alta
• Ilesse: outa
• Iscariano: alta
• Îredese: îlt
• S'entigneis: aute
• Tevrés: ota

altōcus

[aɫˈtoː.kʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG altōcua; E.NOM.SG altōcun

From PI altā + -ōcus.

1. full of water, wet, soaked

Descendants:

• Dalot: artobo
• Ilesse: outugu
• Iscariano: altoco
• Îredese: îltuc
• S'entigneis: autouq
• Tevrés: otogo

aqua

[ˈa.qʷa] n. c.
GEN.SG aquae

From PME ḫeqw "to open, to spread open, to unwrap," in the sense that the year opens with the spring. May also refer to the opening (blooming) of flowers.

1. spring, springtime
2. one's youth; young adulthood

Descendants:

• Dalot: aba
• Ilesse: ava
• Iscariano: acqua
• Îredese: apã
• S'entigneis: eau
• Tevrés: agua

aquiç

[ˈa.qᶣɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF aquīghan; PFV.PTCP aqtus; OPT.1SG aqsid; PFV.1SG ēquī

From PI aqʷjets, from PME ḫeqw “to open, to pry open, to spread, to invite.”

1. it opens me, unwraps me, unlocks me
2. it begins me, starts me
3. to bloom, to flower; to come to maturity, to become an adult

aqumnus

[aˈqʊ̃m.nʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG aqumnī

From PI aqʷomnos, from PME ḫeqw “to open, to pry open, to spread, to invite.”

1. a young, adolescent, youthful etc. person
   • vend aqumnur axī, hicoeliand imnōrā
     Youths should go to school, not labour in the fields.

Descendants:

• Dalot: agumu
• Ilesse: agunu
• Iscariano: aconno
• Îredese: cumn
• S'entigneis: eon
• Tevrés: agoño

archtha

[ˈark.t(ʰ)a] n. c.
GEN.SG archthae

From Dalitian árkhthos. Cognate with native varsus "geyser."

1. hot water; a bath

Descendants:

• Dalot: arta
• Ilesse: irta
• Iscariano: arta
• Îredese: îrtã
• S'entigneis: arte
• Tevrés: arta

arumnus

[aˈrʊ̃m.nʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG arumnī

From PI azomnos, from PME ḫeš “to breath, to be alive; spirit, soul.”

1. living being, animal

Descendants:

• Dalot: arumu
• Ilesse: irunu
• Iscariano: aronno
• Îredese: rumn
• S'entigneis: aron
• Tevrés: aroño

asper

[ˈas.pɛr] n. t.
GEN.SG aspëris

From Dalitian ásphēs, from Old Marian haspa, from Stiric haśvam, from PME šḥecu ("to be sharp, biting, sour, bitter").

1. lime

Descendants:

• Dalot: aspere
• Ilesse: ispre
• Iscariano: àspere
• Îredese: îspere
• S'entigneis: aspre
• Tevrés: aspre

astūs

[ˈas.tuːs] n. t.
GEN.SG astȳs

From PME ḫeš “to breath, to be alive; spirit, soul.”

1. soul, spirit
2. ghost, spectre, phantom

Descendants:

• Dalot: astu
• Ilesse: istu
• Iscariano: asto
• Îredese: îst
• S'entigneis: ast
• Tevrés: aste

āsus

[ˈaː.sʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG āsa; C.NOM.SG āsun

From PI āssos from PME ḫéḥtł-to- from root ḫeḥtł “to burn, to be dry, hearth, ash.”

1. roasted, baked
2. dried

atiun

[ˈa.cjũː] n. e.
GEN.SG atī

From atiç ("to knead, refine, polish").

1. metal
2. silver
3. money

Derived terms:

• atiō ("gold")
• atiōcus ("rich, full of money")
• atiūmus ("of metal; made of metal")

ātla

[ˈaː.tɬa] n. c.
GEN.SG ātlae

From PI ātɬā PME ḫeḥtł “to burn, to be dry, hearth, ash.”

1. alter, shrine

Descendants:

• Dalot: atzla
• Ilesse: aza
• Iscariano: azza
• Îredese: ațã
• S'entigneis: aizhe
• Tevrés: azha

au

[ɔː] n. e.
GEN.SG avis

From PI au, from PME ḫeu “to be bright; the sun.” Cognates include Dalitian aú, Proto-Maro-Stiric Hau, Proto-Fyrdic awiz. The first component of ōdëssēre ("Odesser") is believed to have also come from ḫeu.

1. sun, sunshine, sunlight
2. day, days
   • dūbērur cōdō prīmōnāquo ferīs avīnē mavandā
     Their face and hands were black from days wandering in the wilderness.

Derived terms:

• aucella ("lamp, lantern, reading light")
• aufer ("falcon, a priest of Odesser")
• aula ("reflection, image, mirage")
• aumēdus ("daily; morning glory")
• aveus ("sunny, bright; happy")

Descendants:

• Dalot: abeciu
• Ilesse: avellu
• S'entigneis: aveil
• Tevrés: avijo

aucella

[ɔːˈcɛl.la] n. c.
GEN.SG aucellae

Diminutive of au ("sun"), with influence from lūcella ("nightlight"). Doublet with aula ("reflection").

1. light, touch, lamp, specifically a bright light meant to illuminate a room fully, as opposed to lūcella, mīsella, and tōrella, which refer to subsequently dimmer/smaller lights.

augeç

[ˈɔː.ɟɛt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF augēghan; PFV.PTCP auctus; OPT.1SG auxid; PFV.1SG augēvī

From PI augējets, from PME ḫeugg “to know, see.”

• active:
  1. it looks at, sees, perceives (with volition) me
     • auxīte saub imterquo carmen
       I ache to see the ocean once more.
  2. it observes me, it notes me
  3. it understands, perceives, comprehends me
  4. it looks at, considers, reflects upon me
  5. it looks after, keeps an eye on, takes care of me
• middle:
  1. I look, see, perceive (without volition)
     • iesū çurmorgian cōmō vandō trāvantus cenuī menī cueiëgātā augēbūns
       Whilst walking home last night through the mist I saw a strange form.
  2. I look (like something), I seem, appear
• passive:
  1. I am regarded as, seen as, thought to be
• auxiliary:
  1. to try, to try out, to test
     • augeagī tiffestëghan
       They are trying to kill me.

aula

[ˈɔː.ɫa] n. c.
GEN.SG aulae

From awelā, diminutive of au ("the sun"). Originally formed to describe the image of the sun reflected on water or in a mirror.

1. reflection, image, depiction
2. mirage, illusion, hallucination

Derived terms:

• aulaç ("it reflects me")

aulaç

[ˈɔː.ɫat͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF aulāghan; PFV.PTCP aulātus; OPT.1SG aulārid; PFV.1SG aulāvī

From aulā ("reflection, mirage, image")

1. it reflects me, it looks like me
2. it depicts me, it captures my image

axēs

[ˈak.seːs] n. c.
GEN.SG axī

From PI aksis PME ḫecš “axis, axle, pivot.” Cognate with Dalitian axṓn, Stiric akṣaḥ.

1. school, axēs: the primary social unit of Aeranid society, wherein a child is raised by the collective community. A child is generally raised in their parent's axēs, but this is not always the case, and they may change axēs later in life. An axēs is divided into several smaller cōmur.
   • formīrate rhaelin axī iūrō imëre
     I want to help my child get into a good school.
2. axle, axis, pivot, centre (of a wheel, or by extension an organisation or endeavour)
3. shoulder, collarbone

Derived terms:

• audexēs ("primary out-group")
• imexēs ("secondary in-group")

B

belliç

[ˈbɛl.lɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF bellëghan; PFV.PTCP bulsus; OPT.1SG bulsid; PFV.1SG bolī

From PI dwelnets, a rebracketing of the PME nasal present infix.

1. it fills me, it fills me up

bēsun

[ˈbeː.sũː] n. e.
GEN.SG bēsī

From PI dwensom, from PME dduen ("to dig, to hollow"). Hence also boniç ("it digs me"). Beds were commonly dug into the ground to help cool them.

1. bed

Derived terms:

• bēseus ("comfy, cozy")
• bēsïtaç ("I date, I court")

bolor

[ˈbɔ.ɫɔr] v. stat.
IMPF.INF bellī; PFV.PTCP boltus; OPT.1SG bellor; PFV.1SG bōlō

From PI dwelōr, from PME ddeul "to fill, to be full."

1. I am full, I am at compacity
   • bōlëre mȳneun fūnēs nīrēs
     The bay was full of boats and people.
2. I am enough sufficient, adequate, proper, satisfactory
3. I am a lot, much

C

cānex

[ˈkaː.nɛks] n. c.
GEN.SG cānis

From PI kaznis, from PME keḫš- “to measure, to give advice."

1. month
   • sumerra prīste fac cānix appīs
     This month will be the hottest of the year.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: gãe
• S'entigneis: chien
• Tevrés: gan

cara

[ˈka.ra] n. c.
GEN.SG carae

From PI kazā, from PME keḫš- “to measure, to give advice."

1. measure, value, character
2. bound, limit
3. manner, method, way

Descendants:

• Ilesse: gara
• S'entigneis: chiere
• Tevrés: gara

cāreor

[ˈkaː.re.ɔr] v. stat.
IMPF.INF cārēssī; PFV.PTCP cāstus; OPT.1SG cāsō; PFV.1SG cārēvō

From PI kāzējōr, from PME keḫš- “to measure, to give advice."

1. (with dative) I heal, cure, remedy, am good for or against a disease
   • cās iūs!
     Get well soon!

cārïca

[ˈkaːrː.ka] n. t.
GEN.SG cārïcae

From cāreor + -ïca.

1. medic, doctor, physician, healer

Descendants:

• Ilesse: carga
• S'entigneis: cherge, carique
• Tevrés: cárica

cariç

[ˈka.rɪt͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF carëghan; PFV.PTCP cartus; OPT.1SG carrid; PFV.1SG cērī

From PI karets, from PME kḥer- “to sway, to wave.”

1. I dance (a whirling dance)
   • carrid nēcul
     I want to dance with you.
2. I flutter about, I revolve

Descendants:

• Ilesse: careaga
• S'entigneis: chieroie
• Tevrés: caría

carmen

[ˈkar.mɛ̃n] n. e.
GEN.SG carmïnis

From PI karmən, from PME kḥer- “to sway, to wave.” Hence also cariç.

1. ocean , sea, waters
   • auxīte saub imterquo carmen
     I ache to see the ocean once more.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: carme
• S'entigneis: charme
• Tevrés: cambre, carme

carta

[ˈkar.ta] n. c.
GEN.SG cartae

From cariç.

1. dance, ball, party
   • hiccoffersërate faec cartae iumïdam peran
     I cannot stand the idle chatter of this party.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: carta
• S'entigneis: charte
• Tevrés: carta

ce

[cɛ] pro.
GEN.SG ceī

From PME ke.

1. reflexive pronoun; myself, yourself, themselves, etc.
   • ēge cerennum perse
     They ruled their kingdom fairly.

ceniç

[ˈcɛ.nɪt͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF cenëghan; PFV.PTCP centus; OPT.1SG cēsid; PFV.1SG cenuī

From PI kenets, From PME kenḫ ("to pass, to go through").

1. I finish, I end, I close
   • iesū çurmorgian cōmō vandō trāvantus cenuī menī cueiëgātā augēbūns
     Whilst walking home last night through the mist I saw a strange form.

cīlun

[ˈciː.ɫũː] n. e.
GEN.SG cīlī

From PI keilom ("emptiness"), from PME kei ("to be empty, hollow; sky"). Hence also coegha ("beach").

1. (daytime) sky, the air, the heavens (for nighttime sky, see satercās)
   • talī aux cīlun
     A bird is flying in the sky.
2. weather
3. falsehood, lie; fake
   • hiciūrērur gallun cīlī bīs
     False coin will not be tolerate here.

Derived terms:

• cīlia ("daytime")
• cīlēmeus ("sky blue")
• gēscīlēda ("lies")

Descendants:

• Dalot: kilu
• Ilesse: chu
• S'entigneis: cil
• Tevrés: çil

cōda

[ˈkoː.da] n. c.
GEN.SG cōdae

From PI kōdā, from PME kṓddš, keddéš ("face"). Cognates include Dalitian khoús, Proto-Fyrdic hōts, Stiric cādaḥ. Dialectal variants include Gabinian cōs, Sabian cēs.

1. face, visage
   • dūbērur cōdō prīmōnāquo ferīs avīnē mavandā
     Their face and hands were black from days wandering in the wilderness.
2. look, expression, countenance
3. front, frontside

coegha

[ˈcøː.ɣa] n. c.
GEN.SG coeghae

From PI koiʁā ("empty stretch of land"), from PME kei ("to be empty, hollow; sky"). Hence also cīlun ("daytime sky"), gēscīlēda ("lies"), cīlēmeus ("sky blue").

1. beach, seashore, coastline; specifically a graded shoreline or flat coast (for cliffed coast see saepiun)
   • vaevïmus coeghō pipundō
     We went swimming at the beach.

Derived terms:

• accūghānun ("beach settlement, fishing village")
• occūghaç ("to sail away, to depart")
• incūghaç ("to sail into, to arrive")

Descendants:

• Dalot: kega
• Ilesse: cheaga
• S'entigneis: ceue
• Tevrés: çega

coffëriç

[ˈkɔf.fæ.rɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF cofferëghan; PFV.PTCP coffertus; OPT.1SG cofferrid; PFV.1SG coffērī

From col- + feriç.

1. it puts up with me, stands me, bears me, withstands me
   • hiccoffersërate faec cartae iumïdam peran
     I cannot stand the idle chatter of this party.

cogun

[ˈkɔ.gũː] n. e.
GEN.SG cogī

From PI kʷogom, from PME kweyy ("to seperate, divide"). Hence also cueius.

1. district, ward, division

colindëria

[kɔˈlɪ̃n.dæ.rja] n. c.
GEN.SG colindëriae

From colindus + -ia.

1. agreement together, union, concord, accord
   • coliūcētëra colindëria axī tūghī īme
     The accord combines the two schools into one.
2. harmony, peace

Descendants:

• Ilesse: cuindeira
• S'entigneis: coudoire
• Tevrés: coldera

colindus

[kɔˈlɪ̃n.dʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG colindëris; E.NOM.SG colindëre

From col- + indus.

1. agreeing, of one heart, mind; concordant
2. like-minded
3. peaceful, harmonious

coliūceç

[kɔlˈjuːcɛt͡s] v. di.
IMPF.INF iūcēghan; PFV.PTCP iūctus; OPT.1SG iūxid; PFV.1SG iūcēvī

From col- + iūceç.

(active)

1. it joins it with me, binds it with me

(middle)

1. it joins me together, it binds me together, it combines me
   • coliūcētëra colindëria axī tūghī īme
     The accord combines the two schools into one.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: cullujeaga
• S'entigneis: couilluzoie, coujuçoie
• Tevrés: cojuzía, colyucía

collïgiç

[ˈkɔl.lɨ.ɟɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF colligëghan; PFV.PTCP collectus; OPT.1SG collexid; PFV.1SG collēvī

col- + legiç.

1. it assembles me, it collects me, it gathers me
   • gēs aplīdiāna collecta
     the Collected Matters of Apleidion

Descendants:

• Dalot: coleghega
• Ilesse: colliga
• S'entigneis: coillie
• Tevrés: cojía

cōmïdus

[ˈkoː.mɨ.dʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG cōmïda; E.NOM.SG cōmïdun

From cōmus + -ïdus.

1. of or related to the house, home, cōmus
2. (cyclical substantive) house name, family name (from noma cōmïda), used after position or noma (if necessary).

Descendants:

• Ilesse: condu
• S'entigneis: cond
• Tevrés: conde, cómida

cōmīnus

[koːˈmiː.nʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG cōmīnī

From cōmus + -īnus.

1. member of a household, house, family or cōmus

Descendants:

• Ilesse: coiu
• S'entigneis: commin
• Tevrés: comin

cōmus

[ˈkoː.mʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG cōmī

From PME kwṓm, from root kwem "to build up, to arrange, to put together." Cognate with Dalitian phómos, Old Marian kāma, Proto-Stravonic komĭ.

1. house, home
   • auctïtor tīcōmā tlānāriō
     I can see the flower garden from my house.
   • iesū çurmorgian cōmō vandō trāvantus cenuī menī cueiëgātā augēbūns
     Whilst walking home last night through the mist I saw a strange form.
2. household, family
3. the round of social order below the axēs, a house or household, where members are not necessarily related by blood, but by common interest, ideas, aims, etc. Each cōmus belongs to an axēs, wherein any children of that cōmus are educated and raised, although children or parents may choose to enter other axēs or cōmus at any time of their own will, provided they are accepted

Derived terms:

• auccōmus ("secondary out-group")
• cōmīnus ("member of the house")
• cōmïdus ("of the house")
• incōmus ("primary in-group")

Descendants:

• Ilesse: cõ
• S'entigneis: com
• Tevrés: como

coneç

[ˈkɔ.nɛt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF conēghan; PFV.PTCP conïtus; OPT.1SG conērid; PFV.1SG conēvī

From PI konēts, from PME kon-éie-ti, causative of root cen ("to drive away, to go away"). Cognate with Proto-Maro-Stiric ĉánati. Hence also ceniç, centaç.

1. it finishes me, ends me, closes me
2. it banishes me, casts me out
3. it erases me, deletes me, crosses me out

contus

[ˈkɔ̃n.tʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG contī

From PME kontos, from root kenḫ "to pass through, to go through, to pass, to end; limit, bound."

1. end, stop, finish
2. bounds, limits
3. the last moment before action can take place; last chance, decisive moment
   • cīs contus tibōrānium paciendī
     Our last chance to take Tiboraniun approaches.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: contu
• S'entigneis: cont
• Tevrés: cuente

copiēnsun

[kɔˈpjẽː.sũː] n. e.
GEN.SG copēnsī

From copiç + -ēnsun.

1. draft animal (e.g. ox, horse)

Descendants:

• Ilesse: cujessu
• S'entigneis: couvies
• Tevrés: cuyés

copiç

[ˈkɔ.pɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF copīghan; PFV.PTCP coptus; OPT.1SG copsid; PFV.1SG copuī

From PI kʷopjets from PME kʷep "to tie, to bind; a knot."

1. it ties me (a knot), it binds me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: coviga
• S'entigneis: cœuvie
• Tevrés: covía

cops

[ˈkɔps] n. t.
GEN.SG copis

From PI kʷops from PME kʷep "to tie, to bind; a knot."

1. helmet, helm

Descendants:

• Ilesse: cove
• S'entigneis: cœuf
• Tevrés: cueve

cōreç

[ˈkoː.rɛt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF cōrēghan; PFV.PTCP cōrtus; OPT.1SG cōrrid; PFV.1SG cōrēvī

From PI korejets, from PME kḫor-éie-, causative of root kḥer- “to sway, to wave; to bend” Hence also cariç.

1. it tortures me, to torments me
2. (middle) I am excruciating

Descendants:

• Ilesse: coreaga
• S'entigneis: coroie
• Tevrés: coría

crūs

[kruːs] n. t.
GEN.SG crūdis

From PI krous, from PME kréud-š ("blood"). Hence also cruius ("flesh"), and occrūdiç ("it violates me, commits me (a crime)").

1. blood, consanguinity
2. essence, being, substance; the active ingredient

Derived terms:

• auccrūdaç ("I bleed")
• colcrūs ("related by blood")
• crūdīcus ("bloody, violent")
• crūdix ("maggot, worm")

cul

[kʊɫ] prep.

From PI kol from PME tł-lḥi from interrogative/relative pronoun tł.

1. together, with

cūdiç

[ˈkuː.dɪt͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF cūdëghan; PFV.PTCP cussus; OPT.1SG cussid; PFV.1SG cūvī

From PI kuzdets, from PME cwešd "to bend, to sag, to stoop."

1. I descend, I come down
2. I sag, I droop, I am weighed down, I bend down
   • cūda ema quaris sopërī orerraquo
     The branch of the tree is weighted down with snow, and breaks.
3. I bow, I prostrate myself, I beg

Derived terms:

• cēcūdiç ("I bow, beg")
• cussaç ("I grovel")

cupiç

[ˈkʊ.pɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF cupëghan; PFV.PTCP cuptus; OPT.1SG cupsid; PFV.1SG cūpī

From PI kupets, from PME keup "to take, to distribute."

1. it buys me, it purchases me
2. it values me, it has a high opinion of me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: cuveaga
• S'entigneis: couvoie
• Tevrés: covía

CU

cueiëgaç

[ˈkᶣɛj.jæ.gat͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF cueiëgāghan; PFV.PTCP cueiëgātus; OPT.1SG cueiëgārid; PFV.1SG cueiëgāvī

From cueius + -gaç.

1. I change, I am transformed, I am altered, I vary
2. I am different, uncommon, unusual; strange
   • iesū çurmorgian cōmō vandō trāvantus cenuī menī cueiëgātā augēbūns
     Whilst walking home last night through the mist I saw a strange form.

cueior

[ˈkᶣɛj.jɔr] v. stat.
IMPF.INF cueiāsī; PFV.PTCP cueiātus; OPT.1SG cueiārid; PFV.1SG cueiāvī

From cueius.

1. I vary, I am different, I differ
2. I am not in the usual condition
3. I do not match the correct, the promised; I am wrong

cueius

[ˈkᶣɛj.jʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG cueia; E.NOM.SG cueiun

From PME kweyy ("to separate, to divide").

1. various, diverse, different

Derived terms:

• cueiëcās ("difference, variety")
• cueiëgaç ("I vary, change, become different")
• cueior ("I vary, I am different")

Ç

çala

[ˈt͡sa.ɫa] n. c.
GEN.SG çalae

From PI tsalā, from PME čeḥdł “to be hollow.”

1. bowl, cup
2. tub, cauldron
3. bucket

çalla

[ˈt͡sal.la] n. c.
GEN.SG çallae

From çala + -üla, through medial *çalola.

1. bowl, cup

Descendants:

• Ilesse: çala
• S'entigneis: çalle
• Tevrés: çalla

çalut

[ˈt͡sa.ɫʊt] n. e.
GEN.SG çalïtis

From çala + -ut.

1. tub, cauldron
2. bucket

çaliteus

[t͡saˈɫɪ.te.ʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG çalitea; E.NOM.SG çaliteun

From çalut + -eus.

1. tub or cauldron like, container like

• (cyclical substantive)
  1. bath; bathtub (from archtha calōtea); personal bath, as opposed to a public bath (see archtha nīrïda)

Descendants:

• Ilesse: çoiza
• S'entigneis: cèloize
• Tevrés: çaliza

çalïtīnus

[t͡sa.ɫɨˈtiː.nʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG çalïtīnī

From çalut + -īnus.

1. chemist, alchemist, mage, magician, scientist
   • serva rēs ceçalïtīnī vecun exterre
     The king ordered his alchemists to confront the disease.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: çouziu
• S'entigneis: cèlouïn
• Tevrés: çaldin

çur

[t͡sʊr] prep.

Prom PME t͡sors, from PME ḫčṛḥ-š from root ḫčerḥ ("to cross through, pass through, overcome").

1. (with accusative) through, across, beyond
   • iesū çurmorgian cōmō vandō trāvantus cenuī menī cueiëgātā augēbūns
     Whilst walking home last night through the mist I saw a strange form.

D

dārus

[ˈdaː.rʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG dārī

From PI dāzos, from PME ddeḫ- “to put, to prosper, to succeed.”

1. a helpful god or spirit; benevolent spirit

Descendants:

• Ilesse: daru
• S'entigneis: dair
• Tevrés: dar

daemō

[ˈdɛː.moː] n. t.
GEN.SG daemōnis

From PI dāimō, from PME ddeḫ- “to put, to prosper, to succeed.”

1. blessing, spell, luck

Descendants:

• Ilesse: deve
• S'entigneis: demmon
• Tevrés: demon

daeus

[ˈdɛː.ʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG daeva; E.NOM.SG daeun

From PI dāiwos, from PME ddeḫ- “to put, to prosper, to succeed.”

1. kind, gracious, benevolent

Descendants:

• Ilesse: devu
• S'entigneis: dief
• Tevrés: dievo

deciç

[ˈdɛ.cɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF decëghan; PFV.PTCP dectus; OPT.1SG dexid; PFV.1SG decuī

From PI dekets, from PME ďďek- “to hug, to embrace, to hold in arms.”

1. it embraces me, it holds me in its arms, it hugs me
   • deca rhael nīlean garundā
     The child hugs their doll affectionately.
2. it harbours me (e.g. a grudge) bears me, has be (e.g. ambition), entertains me (e.g. hope, suspicion)
3. (vulgar) it has sex with me, makes love to me, sleeps with me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: dejeaga
• S'entigneis: desoie
• Tevrés: dezía

deç

[dɛt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF dēghan; PFV.PTCP dītus; OPT.1SG dērid; PFV.1SG dī

From PI dēts, from PME ďďeḥ “to put in place; to place, to make, to do.”

(ditransitive)

1. it cause it to become me, it makes it into me, it turns it into me
   • gēm matërir agnō dentus iovēva salvan
     They wrote a book about senatorial matters.

(transitive)

1. it does me
2. it serves as me (a job or position)
3. it wears me (small items of clothing, a facial expression, an aura, etc.)

(intransitive)

1. (with dative) I decide (on something)

(auxiliary)

1. I decide (to do something)
   • dīvate saub carëghan
     I decided to just dance.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: deaga
• S'entigneis: doie
• Tevrés: día

didior

[ˈdɪ.ɟjɔr] v. stat.
IMPF.INF didīsī; PFV.PTCP didītus; OPT.1SG didīrō; PFV.1SG didīvī

From PI didaiōr, from PME ddeḫ “to put in place; to place, to make, to do.”

1. I am happy, I am prosperous

dū

[ˈduː] adv.

From PI dū, from PME ddu-u, essive of the third person pronoun ddu. Hence also bī, bā.

1. when, how soon
   • aqueanē carta dū?
     When does the ball begin?

dūbeus

[ˈduː.be.ʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG dūbea; E.NOM.SG dūbeun

From PI doiβēos, from PME ddeib ("to burn, to be on fire; fire").

1. dull black (as opposed to sater "shining black")
   • dūbērur cōdō prīmōnāquo ferīs avīnē mavandā
     Their face and hands were black from days wandering in the wilderness.

Descendants:

• S'entigneis: dui
• Tevrés: duyo

dule

[ˈdʊ.ɫɛ] n. e.
GEN.SG dulis

From PME ďďul (“to rise; to be tall”).

1. hill, height, knoll, rising ground

Derived terms:

• duliaç ("to be hilly, to hill")
• dulīcus ("hilly")
• dulla ("small hill")
• dulūmus ("of a hill, growing on a hill")

E

etus

[ˈɛ.tʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG etuī

From PI etwos, from PME ḥéťu-o-š from root ḥeťu "fast, swift." Cognate with Dalitian eîthos, Fyrdic eþwaz, Stiric aṭvaḥ, Old Marian aθva.

1. horse, usually for riding
   • rīptin etuōnē iūs
     Can you ride a horse?
   • send etus iucātusquo arumnur çēle tūtërentur
     Riding horses and pack horses are completely different animals.

ex

[ɛks] prep.

From PI ekis, from PME ḥec “near, against.”

1. back (to, from), against
   • ven hānō ēvecō veniendō
     You should go to the temple to prevail against the curse.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: es
• S'entigneis: ix
• Tevrés: eis

F

faç

[fat͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF façëghan; PFV.PTCP fassus; OPT.1SG fassid; PFV.1SG fētī

Shortened from façiç, from PI θatsets, from PME dḥť-ié-ti "to do, to place, to out, to make."

1. it does me, it makes me
2. it cooks me, bakes me

Descendants:

• auffiç ("to destroy, sunder")
• faxol ("maker, builder, creator")
• seffiç ("to remake, repair, heal, fix")

Descendants:

• Ilesse: faziga
• S'entigneis: faizie
• Tevrés: hazía

feriç

[ˈfɛ.rɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF ferëghan; PFV.PTCP fertus; OPT.1SG ferrid; PFV.1SG fērī

From PI θerets, from PME der "to hold, to carry." Cognate with Dalitian déreis, Proto-Fyrdic diridi, Proto-Maro-Stiric dʰárati.

1. it holds me (in its hand), it takes me, carries me, bear me
2. it possesses me, has me, owns me
   • ferī nōrun rhaiun sōforīs
     They own a small field near the mountain.
3. it maintains me, keeps me, supports me, holds me up
   • sa rēs soniau ferundō culc'iumīnōnā mersūs
     In order to remain humble, a king must mingle with their people.
4. it endures me

Derived terms:

• affëriç
• aufëriç
• coffëriç
• diffëriç
• effëriç
• offëriç

feria

[ˈfɛ.rja] n. c.
GEN.SG feriae

From ferus.

1. wilderness, the wild, barbarism
   • dūbērur cōdō prīmōnāquo ferīs avīnē mavandā
     Their face and hands were black from days wandering in the wilderness.

ferus

[ˈfɛ.rʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG fera; E.NOM.SG ferun

From PI xʷeros, from PME gweď ("wild beast, feral creature; to be wild").

1. wild, of the wilderness, uncivilised
2. stray (e.g. dog, cat)

Derived terms:

• feria ("wilderness, the wild")
• ferīnus ("barbarian")
• sōfërus ("near-wild, peripheral")
• tānfërus ("half-wild, crazy")

festiç

[ˈfɛs.tɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF festëghan; PFV.PTCP fessus; OPT.1SG fessid; PFV.1SG festuī

From PI xʷestets, from PME gwešť "to hit, to strike, to throw, to kill."

1. to kill, to slay, to strike down, to murder
   • augeagī tiffestëghan
     They are trying to kill me.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: festeaga
• S'entigneis: fêtoie
• Tevrés: hestía

fēns

[fẽːs] n. c.
C.NOM.SG fentis

From PI xʷentis, from PME ḥgwen "to breath, to blow."

1. wind

fīgheus

[ˈfiː.ɣe.ʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG fīghea; E.NOM.SG fīgheun

From fīghus + -eus.

1. bright yellow

fīghus

[ˈfiː.ɣʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG fīghī

Possibly from a substrate word *θeiɣ-, based on local Dalitian seíos.

1. palo verde tree
2. the flower of a palo verde tree

Descendants:

• Ilesse: figu
• S'entigneis: fi
• Tevrés: higo

fisc

[fɪsk] pro.
C.NOM.SG fac; E.NOM.SG fic

From PI θeske, from PME demonstrative pronouns de "The previously mentioned," and ke (alternate of gge) "he, she, it."

1. proximal demonstrative pronoun; this, this one

formiç

[ˈfɔr.mɪt͡s] v. di.
IMPF.INF formīghan; PFV.PTCP formītus; OPT.1SG formīrid; PFV.1SG formīvī

From PI θormīts, from PME drem "to help, to assist."

1. it helps me (with an activity, action), assists me, aids me
   • forminte oelun
     I will help you with your work.
   • formīrate rhaelis axī iūrō imëre
     I want to help my child get into a good school.
2. it contributes something to me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: formiga
• S'entigneis: formie
• Tevrés: hormía

forānus

[fɔˈraː.nʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG forāna; E.NOM.SG forānun

From fos + -ānus.

1. mountainous, hilly

Descendants:

• Ilesse: forão
• S'entigneis: forrain
• Tevrés: horan

forīnus

[fɔˈriː.nʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG forīnī

From fos + -īnus.

1. mountain person, barbarian
2. hick, hillbilly

Descendants:

• Ilesse: foriu
• S'entigneis: forrin
• Tevrés: horin

fos

[fɔs] n. t.
GEN.SG foris

From PI θos, from PME deš "to rise above, to tower."

1. mountain, hill
   • vaevis panquō foris carmen augendō
     They went to the peak of the mountain to see the ocean.
2. heap, pile

(adjective noun)

1. wild, unkempt, uncivilised, barbarian

Descendants:

• Ilesse: fore
• S'entigneis: feur
• Tevrés: fuer

fūnēs

[ˈfuː.neːs] n. t.
GEN.SG fūnī

Loan from Proto-Anderic ɸoinā, from PME peḫwi-néḫ- from root peḫwi "to swim."

1. boat, ship, vessel, watercraft
   • send mȳnīs fūner nīrer belle
     The bay was full of boats and people.
     or
     bōlëre mȳneun fūnēs nīrēs
     The bay was full of boats and people.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: fue

G

garīna

[gaˈriː.na] n. c.
GEN.SG garīnae

From garor + -īna.

1. important platonic relation; stronger than the English word friend
2. platonic friendship, platonic or familial love

Descendants:

• Ilesse: gariña
• S'entigneis: gèrine
• Tevrés: garina

gaula

[ˈgɔː.la] n. c.
IMPF.INF gaulae

From PI gaulā, from PME ggeḫu ("to stop, to alight, to stay").

1. overnight stay, stop over
   • staeva īman gaulan cōmīs garīnae
     They spent a night at their friend's house.
2. inn, hotel, tavern

Derived terms:

• gaulaç ("it stops me")

gaulaç

[ˈgɔː.lat͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF gaulāghan; PFV.PTCP gaulātus; OPT.1SG gaulārid; PFV.1SG gaulāvī

From gaula.

1. it stops me, prevents me, suppresses me
   • gaulāva pannōner toriātun hānō imëre
     The guards stopped the soldier from entering the temple.
2. it fixes me (in place), fastens me, tacks me
3. it parks me
4. it gives me shelter

garor

[ˈga.rɔr] v. stat.
IMPF.INF garrī; PFV.PTCP gartus; OPT.1SG garrō; PFV.1SG gērō

From PI garōr, from PME yyeḥr- “to tall, high, valuable, important.”

1. I am expensive, valuable
2. I am lovely, dear, beloved, darling, precious, cherished
   • deca rhael nīlean garundā
     The child hugs their doll affectionately.
3. important, necessary, indispensable

Descendants:

• Ilesse: gareaga
• S'entigneis: jèroie
• Tevrés: garía

gēs

[ɟeːs] n. c.
GEN.SG geī

From PI gēis, from PME ggeḥi-š “wealth, goods.”

1. thing, matter, issue, affair, stuff
   • gēm matërir agnō dentus iovēva salvan
     They wrote a book about senatorial matters.
2. incident, occurence, event
3. circumstances, situation, state of affairs

gēshēsta

[ɟeːsˈheːs.ta] n. c.
GEN.SG geīhēstae

From gēs and hēstus. Alternatively written gēs hēsta.

1. rule, government
   • serī gēshēsta tīnī garian
     The government sets the price of tea.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: geèsta, geista
• S'entigneis: gehête, gête
• Tevrés: gehesta, gesta

H

hānun

[ˈhaː.nũː] n. e.
GEN.SG hānī

From PI χaznom, from PME gheḥš “god, diety, sacred place.”

1. temple, shrine, holy place
   • ven hānō ēvecō veniendō
     You should go to the temple to prevail against the curse.

hēstus

[ˈheːs.tʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG hēsta; E.NOM.SG hēstun

From PI χēstos, from PME gheḥš “god, diety, sacred place.”

1. of or related to festivals, holidays, holy days
2. happy, joyous, celebratory, festive
3. of or related to the government (see gēshēsta)

hic

[çɪk] part.

From PI xeke, from PME yek “to step, to walk, to tread.”

1. negative particle
   • hicallërur vōmen imnī
     The river is not excessively fast.

hinae

[ˈçɪ.nɛː] pro.
GEN.SG neī

From PME ggṇḫéi.

1. second person singular pronoun; you, your, etc.

Clitics: NOM ne; GEN nī; ACC nis

histū

[ˈçɪs.tuː] n. e.
GEN.SG histȳ

From PI xistū, from PME geištu ("white, glittering, clear, ardent").

1. silver (metal, element)
2. a silver thing

hodus

[ˈhɔ.dʊs] n. t.

From PI xoðos ("like, around, about, when"), from PME ged ("to resemble; image").

1. degree, extent, bounds, limit; upper limit
   • hicvatiās hodun nīmenis
     You should not forget your body's limits.
2. (in dative) to the extent; the more (can be relativised without marking with participles)
   • se tīn hodō secuïbundī iūrū
     The more bitter the tea the more delicious.
3. (dative with negative) not as much, less than
   • ōsëra alta hodō tīnis iūrau
     Water is not so tasty as tea.

hōsaç

[ˈhoː.sat͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF hōsāghan; PFV.PTCP hōsātus; OPT.1SG hōsārid; PFV.1SG hōsāvī

From PI χonsāts, from PME ğenḥ "free, unbound, unattached."

1. it releases me, lets me go, frees me, sets me free, lets me loose
   • hōsaeneso tīvoenun. condērurso.
     Let go of my arm! It hurts!

huneor

[ˈhʊ.ne.ɔr] v. stat.
IMPF.INF hunissī; PFV.PTCP huntus; OPT.1SG hūsor; PFV.1SG hunuō

From hunun.

1. I am dusty, dirty
2. I am arid, infertile
3. I am light brown

hunun

[ˈhʊ.nũː] n. e.
GEN.SG hunī

From PI xonom PME yonḥ-ó- "earth, soil, dirt; humans, regular folk."

1. dust earth; specifically arid and infertile earth

I

īcur

[ˈĩː.kʊr] n. e.
GEN.SG īcis

From Proto-Iscaric (PI) eikor (stem eikn-), from Proto-Maro-Ephenian (PME) héikṛ "fire." The -gn- of the oblique stem was replaced with the nominative -k-. The opposite process also occured with īgnur (genitive īgnī), with also means 'fire,' but with a more negative connotation. Cognate with Dalitian eikhna, Stiric ekṛ, Old Marian aixra, Proto-Fyrdic eihur.

1. fire, flame (collective, uncountable)
2. passion, enthusiasm, joy, 'spark'

Descendants:

• Dalot: igu
• Ilesse: igru
• Iscariano: igro
• Îredese: icru
• S'entigneis: igre
• Tevrés: igre

īdeç

[ˈiː.dɛt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF īdēghan; PFV.PTCP īsus; OPT.1SG īsid; PFV.1SG īdēvī

From PI eizdējets, from PME ḥeiš “clearly, manifestly" and ďďeḥ "to do, to put, to render."

1. it hears me, it listens to me
   • īsur fīsc oeta carmïnis
     You can hear the sound of the ocean here.
2. it asks me

iesūs

[ˈjɛ.suːs] n. c.
GEN.SG iesȳs

From PI jessus, from PME iéď-tu(ḫ)-, from root iéď ("to strip, to be naked").

1. night, dusk; nighttime
2. last night
   • iesū çurmorgian cōmō vandō trāvantus cenuī menī cueiëgātā augēbūns
     Whilst walking home last night through the mist I saw a strange form.

īgnur

[ˈĩːŋ.nʊr] n. e.
GEN.SG īgnis

From Proto-Iscaric (PI) eikor (stem eikn-), from Proto-Maro-Ephenian (PME) héikṛ "fire." The -k- of the nominative stem was replaced with the oblique -gn-. The opposite process also occured with īcur (genitive īcis), with also means 'fire,' but with a more positive connotation.

1. fire, flame (collective, uncountable)
2. rage, anger, fury, resentment
   • feratequo īgnur agnīrī opan fessō
     I still carry anger for the person who killed my father.

Derived terms:

• īgneor
• īgnēsciç
• īgnal
• īgnālümus

Descendants:

• Late Aeranir: ígnëre
  • Ilesse: inre
  • Îredese: îmnâre
  • S'entigneis: inre
  • Venzano: ignere
• Iscariano: ignos
• Tevrés: iños

im

[ɪ̃m] prep.

From PI əm, from PME ṃ- “in, inside.”

1. in, inside, within
   • tellednenē tlīs imindërīs tlāna tīnis sa?
     Would you tell me where the best tea in the capital is?

Descendants:

• Ilesse: ẽ
• S'entigneis: am, eim
• Tevrés: en

imiç

[ˈɪ.mɪt͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF imëghan; PFV.PTCP imptus; OPT.1SG imsid; PFV.1SG imuī

From im.

1. I go in, I enter
   • deō hānō imundū saub hicimptīvī
     I tried to enter the temple, but I was not let in.

īmus

[ˈiː.mʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG īma; E.NOM.SG īmun

From PI eimos, from PME ḥei- “cardinal number one, singular, alone.”

1. cardinal number one

Descendants:

• Ilesse: iu
• S'entigneis: am
• Tevrés: imo

imnī

[ˈɪ̃m.niː] adv.

From PI epnis, from epniōr, from PME ḥep-né-ḫōr from root ḥep- “to remain, to be left over, to be in excess, to be too many.”

1. not very (with a negative sentence), not much
   • hicallërur vōmen imnī
     The river is not excessively fast.
2. excessively, too much

imter

[ˈɪ̃m.tɛr] adv.

From earlier impter, from īmus + teriç "I turn."

1. once, one time
   • auxīte saub imterquo carmen
     I ache to see the ocean once more.

indus

[ˈɪ̃n.dʊs] n. c.
GEN.SG indëris

From PI əndos, from PME ḥṇd-óš- from root ḥend “mind, thought, spirit, heart.”

1. mind, heart, spirit
2. core, center, origin, source
3. capital city
   • tellednenē tlīs imindërīs tlāna tīnis sa?
     Would you tell me where the best tea in the capital is?
4. leader, chief

Derived terms:

• acindëraç ("to believe")
• colindus ("harmony, accord")

Descendants:

• Ilesse: inre
• S'entigneis: anre
• Tevrés: enre

ioveç

[ˈjɔ.ʋɛt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF iovēghan; PFV.PTCP ioctus; OPT.1SG ioxid; PFV.1SG iovēvī

From PI djegʷējets, from PME ďďieggw “to carve, to scratch, to etch.” Cognate with Dalitian zépteis.

1. it writes me
   • gēm matërir agnō dentus iovēva salvan
     They wrote a book about senatorial matters.
2. it draws me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: joveaga
• S'entigneis: jouvoie
• Tevrés: jovía

iūceç

[ˈjuːcɛt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF iūcēghan; PFV.PTCP iūctus; OPT.1SG iūxid; PFV.1SG iūcēvī

From PI joukējets, from PME ieuc “to attach, to hook onto, to stick onto.”

1. it attaches me, it joins me, it adds me, appends me, affixes me, sticks me, glues me, fastens me, sews me on, applies me (ointment)
2. it furnishes me (e.g. furniture in a house)
3. it puts me on, it wears me (small trinkets, jewellery, glasses, etc.)
4. it appraises me, it puts a price on me, it sets me
5. it gives me a name
6. it keeps an eye on me

Derived terms:

• iūcülun ("yoke, harness")

Descendants:

• Ilesse: juzeaga
• S'entigneis: juzoie
• Tevrés: juzía

iucēnsun

[jʊˈcẽː.sũː] n. e.
GEN.SG iucēnsī

From iuciç + -ēnsus. Cognate with Dalitian zýkhatton "sword."

1. name, title, moniker (formal)
   • ondeadne tle iucēnsun nibī senē
     Remind me, what is your name?

Descendants:

• Ilesse: jujessu
• S'entigneis: jouzois
• Tevrés: juzés

iuciç

[ˈjʊ.cɪt͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF iucëghan; PFV.PTCP iuctus; OPT.1SG iuxid; PFV.1SG iucuī

From PI jukets, from PME ieuc “to attach, to hook onto, to stick onto.”

1. I am attached, I am connecteed with, I adhere, I stick, I cling
2. I am given (a name, a price)
   • iuca noma iūlïtī pristī rāscānīnī tibī
     My name is Iulitus Pristus Rascaninus

Descendants:

• Ilesse: jozeaga
• S'entigneis: jouzoie
• Tevrés: jozía

iūlia

[ˈjuː.lja] n. c.
GEN.SG iūliae

From PI jouljā, from PME ieul- “to chant, to sing, to recite.”

1. song, music
2. poem, poetry
3. spell, curse, charm, enchantment, incantation

Descendants:

• Ilesse: julla
• S'entigneis: juille
• Tevrés: juya

iūliaī iūlian

[ˈjuː.lja.iː ˈjuː.ljãː]

1. "We shall sing a song," a phrase said traditionally at the beginning of a musical or poetic performance, can also be said before beginning any endeavour or activity that once started must end. It is similar in use to English "the die is cast."

iūliç

[ˈjuː.lɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF iūlīghan; PFV.PTCP iultus; OPT.1SG iullid; PFV.1SG iūlīvī

From iūlia.

1. it sings me, it says, recites me (a poem)
2. it composes me (a song or poem)
3. it curses me, casts me (a spell)

Descendants:

• Ilesse: juliga
• S'entigneis: julie
• Tevrés: julía

iūlïtus

[ˈjuːlː.tʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG iūlïtus

From ioveç + lotus, from earlier jewilotos.

1. scribe

Descendants:

• Ilesse: juitu
• S'entigneis: joue
• Tevrés: juch

iullïtus

[ˈjʊlːː.tʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG iullïtī

From iūliç + lotus.

1. singer, muse

Descendants:

• Ilesse: juitu
• S'entigneis: joue
• Tevrés: juch

iumïdus

[ˈjʊ.mɨ.dʊs] adj. n.
GEN.SG iumïdī

From iumus + -ïdus.

1. trifling, unimportant, idle, trivial
   • hiccoffersërate faec cartae iumïdam peran
     I cannot stand the idle chatter of this party.

iumīnus

[jʊˈmiː.nʊs] n. c.
GEN.SG iumīnī

From iumus + -īnus.

1. a pigmy, a person of short stature
2. a person of little importance, an uncharismatic person
3. a commoner, a peasant, a regular person
   • sa rēs soniau ferundō culc'iumīnōnā mersūs
     In order to remain humble, a king must mingle with their people.

Descendants:

• Tevrés: jomin

iumus

[ˈjʊ.mʊs] n. c.
C.NOM.SG iuma; E.NOM.SG iumun

From PI gjumos, from PME ggieu "to lick, to taste, to savour."

1. a lick, a bit, a small amount, a trifle

iuquiç

[ˈjʊ.qᶣɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF iuquīghan; PFV.PTCP iuquītus; OPT.1SG iuquīrid; PFV.1SG iuquīvī

From PI juqʷīts, from PME ieuqw ("to talk, to speak").

1. it talks me, speaks me, converses me
   • abs tibōrēs send nīrur andëriānur saub aerānïde iuquītur
     As for the Tibors, they are an Anderian people, but they speak an Aeranid language.
2. it tells me, explains me, narrates me

iūreç

[ˈjuː.rɛt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF iūrēghan; PFV.PTCP iūsus; OPT.1SG iūsid; PFV.1SG iūrēvī

From PI jouzēts, from PME iouž-éie-ti ("to let pass"), causative of root ieuž ("to pass"). Hence also iuriç ("to go by"). Cognates include houzeîs ("to kick out, expel"), Stiric yoháyati & Old Marian yaudayatiy ("it brings me").

1. it permits me, allows me, approves me, consents to me
2. it forgives me, pardons me, excuses me, tolerates me
   • hiciūrērur gallun cīlī bīs
     False coin will not be tolerate here.
3. it trusts me, confides in me (indërin iūreç)

Descendants:

• Dalot: jurega
• Ilesse: jureaga
• S'entigneis: jureue
• Tevrés: juría

iuriç

[ˈjʊ.rɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF iurīghan; PFV.PTCP iussus; OPT.1SG iussid; PFV.1SG iurīvī

From PI juzjets, from PME ieuž ("to pass"). Hence also iūreç ("it forgives me").

1. it goes by me, it goes past me, along me, through me; it takes me (a route), goes via me
   • mēvïmur tiliō etuī iussō
     We followed the horse's tracks.
2. it penetrates me, pierces me, skewers me, goes through me
3. it passes me on, it relays me, it conveys me

iūrus

[ˈjuː.rʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG iūra; E.NOM.SG iūrun

From PI gjouzos, from PME ggieu "to lick, to taste, to savour." Cognate with Dalitian zóulos. Hence also gȳmus "a bit, a lick".

1. having a nice taste; tasty, delectable
2. good, nice, pleasant
   • formīrate rhaelin axī iūrō imëre
     I want to help my child get into a good school.
3. healthy, well, in good health

Descendants:

• Ilesse: juru
• S'entigneis: jur
• Tevrés: jur

L

ladesta

[ɫaˈdɛs.ta] n. c.
GEN.SG ladestae

From lador + -esta.

1. happiness, joy, pleasure, jubilation
   • sa vītla prīstau ladestau culgarīnānā abrëghüntānā
     A life is happiest with friends overflowing.

Descendants:

• Dalot: laresta
• Ilesse: leasta
• S'entigneis: laeste
• Tevrés: llaesta

lador

[ˈla.dɔr] v. stat.
IMPF.INF lassī; PFV.PTCP lassus; OPT.1SG lassō; PFV.1SG lēdō

From PI laðōr, from PME lehd - “to be warm, to be well.”

1. I am happy, glad, joyous
   • lador et carpidïnī vandō tibī deāstī
     I am glad that you would choose me to go to Carpider.

Derived terms:

• ladesta ("happiness, joy")

legiç

[ˈɫɛ.ɟɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF legëghan; PFV.PTCP lēctus; OPT.1SG lēxid; PFV.1SG lēgī

From PI legets, from PME ḫleyy- “to sway, to wave.”

1. it assembles me, collects me, gathers me
2. it chooses me, it picks me, it selects me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: leaga
• S'entigneis: lëoie
• Tevrés: leía

līrrēs

[ˈliːr.reːs] n. c.
GEN.SG līrrī

From collective form of līs, through intermediate līreris

1. letter, brief, message
   • predium pactus iovēva līrren ab
     They took a pen and wrote up a letter.
2. handwriting

Descendants:

• Ilesse: llire
• S'entigneis: lir
• Tevrés: llir

līs

[liːs] n. c.
GEN.SG līris

From PI leis, from PME ḫwlei- “to cut, to carve, to etch.”

1. letter, character, glyph

Descendants:

• Ilesse: llire
• S'entigneis: lir
• Tevrés: lir

lontun

[ˈɫɔ̃n.tũː] n. e.
GEN.SG lontī

From PI lontom, from PME lemḥ “foot, to walk, to tread.” Hence also lōmēs "foot," limöra "step."

1. plain, field
2. ground, earth

Descendants:

• Ilesse: lontu
• S'entigneis: lont
• Tevrés: lluente

lupeç

[ˈɫʊ.pɛt͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF lupēghan; PFV.PTCP luptus; OPT.1SG lupsid; PFV.1SG lupēvī

From PI slupējets, from PME šleup- “to shout, to scream; a loud noise.”

1. I weep, I cry, I lament
2. I shout, I cry, I scream, I shriek, I yell, I exclaim

Descendants:

• Ilesse: luveaga
• S'entigneis: louvoie
• Tevrés: lovía

M

mater

[ˈma.tɛr] n. t.
GEN.SG matëris

From Dalitian mathḗs. Cognate with native menter.

1. senator, representative; high ranking legislative official
   • gēm matërir agnō dentus iovēva salvan
     They wrote a book about senatorial matters.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: intre
• S'entigneis: maîre
• Tevrés: madre, máter

mavaç

[ˈma.ʋat͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF mavāghan; PFV.PTCP mavātus; OPT.1SG mavārid; PFV.1SG māvī

From PI mowāts, from PME meuḫw- “to turn, to revolve, to spin.”

1. I turn, I revolve
2. I search for something
3. I visit several places
   • māvis haccānā cepricïtïcābus plātīs
     They visited the graves of their ancestors on the plain.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: mavà
• S'entigneis: maivée
• Tevrés: mavá

mē

[meː] adv.

From earlier mēg, mēc, from mēgus.

1. indeed, really, absolutely, truly, actually, very, quite
   • iultïsur mē iūs
     They can sing quite well

mēdor

[ˈmeː.dɔr] v. stat.
IMPF.INF mēdissī; PFV.PTCP mēsus; OPT.1SG mēsid; PFV.1SG mēvō

From PI mezðōr, from PME meḥš- “to follow, to lag behind.”

1. I follow, I come after
   • mēderra cāna mīsïda cānō lūcïdō
     The Misid month follows the Lucid month.

mēgesta

[meːˈɟɛs.ta] n. c.
GEN.SG mēgestī

From mēgus + -esta.

1. truth, reality, fact
   • se mēgestaunē. tauniaunē. hipplior iūs.
     Is this reality? Is this a dream? I cannot tell.
2. right, correct, upright, well-done
   • iovēvane ubran iūliam mēgeste
     You recited the poem marvellously.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: meista
• S'entigneis: moyète
• Tevrés: mesta

mēgus

[ˈmeː.gʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG mēga; E.NOM.SG mēgun

From PI mēgos from PME meḥyy "true, truth." Cognate with Dalitian mêkos, Stric mājaḥ, Old Mirian māda.

1. true, real, genuine, actual
2. proper, suitable
3. right, just
4. moniker of a god; a god

Derived terms:

• mēgesta ("reality, truth")

mel

[mɛɫ] n. t.
GEN.SG melis

From PME šmḗl ("honey, dew; essence").

1. nectar, honey, sap, syrup

Derived terms:

• melïdus ("sweet, charming, pleasant")
• melïdor ("I am sweet, charming, pleasant")
• meleus ("sticky, thick")
• meleor ("I am sticky, thick")

meniç

[ˈmɛ.nɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF menīghan; PFV.PTCP mentus; OPT.1SG mēsid; PFV.1SG menuī

From PI menjets, from PME men “body, shape; alike.”

1. it pleases me, appeases me
2. I like it, I enjoy it
   • meniç tīn tessūs salvae vōnïtūs cartūsquo
     I like to drink tea, read books, and dance.
   • hicauctistīnē menīsso nīgēs
     Can you not see that he likes you?

Descendants:

• Ilesse: meiga
• S'entigneis: menie
• Tevrés: menía

menter

[ˈmɛ̃n.tɛr] n. t.
GEN.SG mentëris

From PI məntēr from PME mṇ-tḗr-, from root men "body; to be equal, to be like, to resemble."

1. sibling; brother or sister of around similar age
2. peer, classmate, coworker, etc. (person of similar age)
3. comrade

Descendants:

• Ilesse: mentre
• S'entigneis: mentre
• Tevrés: mientre

mergiç

[ˈmɛr.ɟɪt͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF mergëghan; PFV.PTCP mersus; OPT.1SG mersid; PFV.1SG merguī

From PI mergets, from PME mergg (“to spin, to swirl, to spiral, to do a spinning dance."). Occasionally margïtus is seen as an alternative past participle, to differentiate it from merror.

1. I am mixed, mixing, blending with
2. I associate with, mingle with, am interested in
   • sa rēs soniau ferundō culc'iumīnōnā mersūs
     In order to remain humble, a king must mingle with their people.
3. I marry with them

Derived terms:

• mergiō ("marriage")

merror

[ˈmɛr.rɔr] v. tr.
IMPF.INF merrissī; PFV.PTCP mersus; OPT.1SG mersō; PFV.1SG merruō

From PI merzōr, from PME merš- “to pile, to stack.”

1. to be piled up, to lie on top of one another
2. to come after one another, to happen over and over, to pile up, to accumulate
3. to overlap, to occur at the same time, to happen simultaneously

Descendants:

• Ilesse: merriga
• S'entigneis: merie
• Tevrés: merría

mēs

[ˈmeːs] n. t.
GEN.SG menis

From PI mens from PME men "body, to be like."

1. body
   • hicvatiās hodun nīmenis
     You should not forget your body's limits.
2. oneself
3. main part
4. form, shape, figure
   • iesū çurmorgian cōmō vandō trāvantus cenuī menī cueiëgātā augēbūns
     Whilst walking home last night through the mist I saw a strange form.

morgia

[ˈmɔr.ɟja] n. c.
GEN.SG morgiae

From PI morgjā, from PME mṛ́gg-iḫ-, from root mergg (“to spin, to swirl, to spiral, to do a spinning dance"). Cognate with Dalitian bráza, Hence brasa ("fog-at-sea").

1. mist, fog, haze
   • iesū çurmorgian cōmō vandō trāvantus cenuī menī cueiëgātā augēbūns
     Whilst walking home last night through the mist I saw a strange form.

Derived terms:

• morgiōcus ("foggy, misty")

Descendants:

• S'entigneis: morge
• Tevrés: muerza

motus

[ˈmɔ.tʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG motī

From PI smot̺os, from PME šmeť~šemť ("to put, place; to locate"), from šem ("to be, exist").

1. place, spot, scene, site; location
   • affërēsne tīn motō matëris
     You should take the tea to the senator.
2. point, aspect, side, facet (see motus iūrus)
3. space, room

Descendants:

• S'entigneis: mœut
• Tevrés: mued

mughiç

[ˈmʊ.ɣɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF mugghan; PFV.PTCP mūctus; OPT.1SG mūxid; PFV.1SG mūghī

From PI muɣets, from PME meug (“to chew, to gnaw, to masticate”).

1. it chews me, gnaws me, masticates me
2. it fumbles me (words), it stutters me
3. it tastes me, tries me, considers me

murra

[ˈmʊr.ra] n. c.
GEN.SG murrae

From PI morzā from PME merš "to stack, to pile."

1. wall, partition, barrier, obstacle
2. (plural) walled city, town
3. (plural) fortress, encampment
   • pēcenda tibōrer murrae carpidïnīs
     The Tibori took the fortress at Carpider.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: mura
• S'entigneis: morre
• Tevrés: morra

mȳna

[ˈmyː.na] n. c.
GEN.SG mȳnae

From PI mūīnā from PME ḥmuḥ-íḫn-eḫ-, from root ḥmuḥ "to swell, to break."

1. chest, breast
2. breasts, bosom, bust
3. heart
4. stomach
5. heart, mind, feelings
6. hollow, cavity
7. curve, fold, winding
8. gulf, bay (see. mȳneun)

Descendants:

• Ilesse: miña
• S'entigneis: minne
• Tevrés: mina

mȳneun

[ˈmyː.ne.ũː] n. e.
GEN.SG mȳneī

From mȳna + -eun.

1. gulf, bay
   • send mȳneīs fūner nīrer belle
     The bay was full of boats and people.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: miu
• S'entigneis: min
• Tevrés: miño

N

nē

[neː] part.

From PME nē "not."

1. interrogative marker, question marker

nemiç

[ˈnɛ.mɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF nemëghan; PFV.PTCP nemïtus; OPT.1SG nemsid; PFV.1SG nemuī

From PI nemets, from PME nemḫw "to name, to call, to summon."

1. it sues me, it calls me to court
2. it judges me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: nega
• S'entigneis: niemme
• Tevrés: nemía

nemō

[ˈnɛ.moː] n. t.
GEN.SG nemōnis

From nemiç + -ō.

1. judge, barrister, lawyer

Descendants:

• Ilesse: neve
• S'entigneis: nemon
• Tevrés: nemon

nior

[ɲjɔr] v. stat.
IMPF.INF nīsī; PFV.PTCP nītus; OPT.1SG nīrō; PFV.1SG nīvō

From PI nīōr, from PME neiḫw ("to resemble, to look like"). Cognate with Dalitian inoîs, Proto-Fyrdic nīdijańą, Old Marian nihatiy.

1. I resemble, look like, take after
2. I am similar to, close to, alike, like
   • litāvō tlibī hodō rēnïnā mēgëntōnā saub nientus ōsur
     I have served many virtuous kings, but none compare to you.

nīlea

[ˈniː.ɫe.a] n. c.
GEN.SG nīleae

From nīs + -ülea.

1. doll, puppet, figure
   • deca rhael nīlean garundā
     The child hugs their doll affectionately.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: nilla
• S'entigneis: nille
• Tevrés: nía

nīrïdus

[ˈniː.rɨ.dʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG nīrïda; E.NOM.SG nīrïdun;

From nīs + -ïdus.

1. popular, public; related to the people

nīs

[niːs] n. t.
GEN.SG nīris

From PI ŋnēis, from PME ynéḥ-iš-, from root yneḥ "dirt, soil, earth."

1. person, wumbo
   • send mȳneīs fūner nīrer belle
     The bay was full of boats and people.
2. human being, human
3. another person, other person, others
4. adult

Descendants:

• Ilesse: inre
• S'entigneis: nir
• Tevrés: nir

noma

[ˈnɔ.ma] n. c.
GEN.SG nomae

From PI nomos, from PME nemḫw "to name, to call, to summon."

1. name; specifically one's personal name
   • iuca noma iūlïtī pristī rāscānīnī tibī
     My name is Iulitus Pristus Rascaninus

Descendants:

• Ilesse: noa
• S'entigneis: nomme
• Tevrés: nuema

nōrun

[ˈnoː.rũː] n. e.
GEN.SG nōrī

From PI ŋnōzom, from PME neḥ "to till, to drive, to plow."

1. field (for agriculture)
   • vend aqumnur axī, hicoeliand imnōrā
     Youths should go to school, not labour in the fields.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: noa
• S'entigneis: nomme
• Tevrés: nuema

Ñ

ñautun

[ˈɲɔː.tũː] n. e.
GEN.SG ñautī

From PI ɲāutom, from PME ñeḫu “water.”

1. lake

Descendants:

• Ilesse: ñodu
• Iscariano: gnuodo
• Îredese: iot
• S'entigneis: gnaut
• Tevrés: ñued
• Venzano: gnuoto

O

oeliç

[ˈøː.lɪt͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF oelīghan; PFV.PTCP oeltus; OPT.1SG oellid; PFV.1SG oeluī

From oelun.

1. I work, I labour
   • vend aqumnur axī, hicoeliand imnōrā
     Youths should go to school, not labour in the fields.
2. I function, I operate, I am effective

oelïdus

[ˈøː.lɨ.dʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG oelïda; E.NOM.SG oelïdun

From oelun + -ïdus.

1. of or related to work, labour, profession
2. (cyclical substantive) professional name, professional title (e.g. iūlïtus prīstus materris "first scribe of the senate").

Descendants:

• Ilesse: eidu
• S'entigneis: œud
• Tevrés: elde

oelinna

[øːˈlɪ̃n.na] n. c.
GEN.SG oelinnae

From oelun + -inna. Alternative ūlinna.

1. odd job; small work, task

Descendants:

• Ilesse: eina
• S'entigneis: elanne
• Tevrés: ileña

oellïtus

[ˈøːlːː.tʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG oellïtī

From oelun + lotus, through medial **oelolotus. Alternate of oerolïtus.

1. worker, (manual) labourer

Descendants:

• Ilesse: eitu
• S'entigneis: œut
• Tevrés: eute

oelun

[ˈøː.ɫũː] v. tr.
GEN.SG oelī

From earlier oi(d)ɮom, from PI ḫweiddł-ó-, from PME ḫweiddł “to work, to labour, toil.” Cognate with Dalitian oisḗ, Fyrdic aitɬą, Stiric ejam, Old Marian aidam. Hence also oeliç "to work."

1. work, labour
2. job, business, occupation

oeta

[ˈøː.ta] n. c.
GEN.SG oetae

From oetaç ("make a noise, sound").

1. sound, noise, report
   • īsur fīsc oeta carmïnis
     You can hear the sound of the ocean here.
2. pronunciation

Descendants:

• Ilesse: eada
• S'entigneis: oie
• Tevrés: eda

oetaç

[ˈøː.tat͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF oetāghan; PFV.PTCP oetïtus; OPT.1SG oesid; PFV.1SG oetuī

From PI oitāts, from PME ḥeit ("to sound, resound").

1. it sounds me, utters me, speaks me, expresses me, calls me, rings me
2. it cries me out, calls me; sings me, celebrates me, praises me, extols me

(middle)

1. I make a noise, sound, resound

Descendants:

• Ilesse: edaga
• S'entigneis: oyée
• Tevrés: edá

oerolïtus

[øːˈrɔlː.tʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG oerolïtī

From oelun + lotus, through medial **oelolotus. Alternate of oellïtus.

1. worker, (manual) labourer

Descendants:

• Ilesse: iroute
• S'entigneis: érout
• Tevrés: erote

omnor

[ˈɔ̃m.nɔr] v. neg.cop.
IMPF.INF ōsī; PFV.PTCP vuctus PFV.1SG vucō

Of uncertain origins, perhaps an extended version of PME interjection ono ("no!"). Perfective forms from ḫuec ("to lack, to miss").

1. I am not, do not exists, I am not had
   • ōsëra alta hodō tīnis iūrau
     Water is not so tasty as tea.

ondeç

[ˈɔ̃n.dɛt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF ondēghan; PFV.PTCP ōnsus; OPT.1SG ōnsid; PFV.1SG ondēvī

From earlier ondejets, from PI ḥond-éie-ti, from PME ḥend “mind, thought, spirit, heart.”

1. it alerts me, it advises me
2. it reminds me, it tells me
   • ondeadne tle iucēnsun nibī senē
     Remind me, what is your name?

Descendants:

• Ilesse: ondeaga
• S'entigneis: onnoie
• Tevrés: onía

opïtaç

[ˈɔ.pɨ.tat͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF opïtāghan; PFV.PTCP opïtātus; OPT.1SG opïtārid; PFV.1SG opïtāvī

From ops ("living place, abode"), possibly through intermediate augmentative oput.

1. I live, I reside, I inhabit, dwell in, abide, I nest
   • opïtanquo ingabïnīsnē
     Do you still live in Gabinia?

Derived terms:

• colipïtaç ("to cohabitate")
• colïpïtāliō ("cohabitation")

ops

[ˈɔps] n. t.
GEN.SG opis

From PI ops, from PME ḫwep ("to hang over").

1. (small) house, domicile, abode, dwelling, hut

Derived terms:

• opïtaç ("I live, reside")
• opüla ("hit, small house, hovel")
• opur ("neighbourhood")
• opërīnus ("common person; lower class person")

oriç

[ˈɔ.rɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF orëghan; PFV.PTCP ostus; OPT.1SG ossid; PFV.1SG ovī

From PI o(d)zets, from PME ḫwežž “to bend, to break.” Cognate with Dalitian óseis, Stiric ājati, Old Marian āǰatiy.

1. it breaks me, fractures me, snaps me off, picks me (a flower)
   • nīrra tlāna criste pūtërenta nīrī ostō
     The beautiful vermillion flower resembles the person who picked it.
2. it folds me, bends me
3. (with mēs) it curls up with its legs pressed against the chest
   • ovis rhael menin sonçillō
     The child curled up next to the cat.

Derived terms:

• ilöriç ("it breaks me off, breaks me away, snaps me off")

ōtior

[ˈoː.tjɔr] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG ōtiōris; E.NOM.SG ōtiōre

From PI ōtujōr, from PME heťu “fast, swift."

1. faster, swifter, quicker
2. earlier
3. rather, sooner, earlier
   • ved carmïnī ōtior et cōmō exed
     I’d rather go to the ocean than return home.

P

paciç

[ˈpa.cɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF pacīghan; PFV.PTCP pactus; OPT.1SG paxid; PFV.1SG pēcī

From PI pakjets, from PME peḥk “ to take, to grab, to grasp.”

1. it takes me, grabs me, grasps me
   • predium pactus iovēva līrren ab
     They took a pen and wrote up a letter.
2. it captures me, seizes me
   • pēcenda tibōrer murrae carpidïnīs
     The Tibori took the fortress at Carpider.
3. it takes me in, it understands me
4. it has me (a meal)

Descendants:

• Ilesse: pajiga
• S'entigneis: paizie
• Tevrés: pazía

pannun

[ˈpãn.nũː] n. e.
GEN.SG pannī

From PI pennom from PME peť-nó from root peť “ to cook, to bake (in an oven), to boil, to make a stew, to ripen.”

1. bread, pastries, pastry based products

Descendants:

• Ilesse: panu
• S'entigneis: pan
• Tevrés: paño

panqus

[ˈpãɴ.qʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG panquī

From PI paɴqʷos from PME peḥñ “head, horn, top.”

1. horn, antler, tusk
2. head, top, highest point, peak
   • vaevis panquō foris carmen augendō
     They went to the peak of the mountain to see the ocean.
3. (of an non-horned wumbo) nose

Derived terms:

• appenquaç

Descendants:

• Ilesse: pangu
• S'entigneis: pang
• Tevrés: pango

pelïdus

[ˈpɛ.lɨ.dʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG pelïda; E.NOM.SG pelïdun

From peliun + -ïdus.

1. of or pertaining to the ward, district, section; local
   • sa gēshēsta pelïda vecī regghan gaulandū dītūs
     The local government must try to stop the spread of the disease.

Derived terms:

• pelïdīnus ("a person of a ward; a local")

peliun

[ˈpɛ.ljũː] n. e.
GEN.SG pelī

From PI peljon from PME péli-o- from root plei “to split, to divide”

1. ward, district, section

Descendants:

• peliaç ("to split into districts")
• pelïdus ("of the ward, district; local")

Descendants:

• Dalot: pezu
• Ilesse: pellu
• S'entigneis: peil
• Tevrés: pejo

pēlun

[ˈpeː.ɫũː] n. e.
GEN.SG pēlī

From PI petslom from PME peť-šló- from root peť “ to cook, to bake (in an oven), to boil, to make a stew, to ripen.”

1. kiln, oven, furnace

Descendants:

• Ilesse: pei
• S'entigneis: peu
• Tevrés: pel

pemmen

[ˈpɛ̃m.mɛ̃n] n. e.
GEN.SG pemmïnis

From PI petmən from PME peť-mṇ- from root peť “ to cook, to bake (in an oven), to boil, to make a stew, to ripen.”

1. food cooked by boiling or stewing
2. pepper

Descendants:

• Ilesse: pemme
• S'entigneis: pemme
• Tevrés: piembre

pera

[ˈpɛ.ra] n. c.
GEN.SG pera

From mimetic perper ("quick speech"). See also perpërīnus and periç. Can be traced to PME pṛpṛ ("to babble"), hence also Dalitian praphranós ("barbarian"), práphreis ("to babble").

1. speech, word, chatter
   • hiccoffersërate faec cartae iumïdam peran
     I cannot stand the idle chatter of this party.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: pera
• S'entigneis: piere
• Tevrés: piera

persus

[ˈpɛr.sʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG persa;E.NOM.SG persun

From PI pressos from PME pred-tó-, from root pred “to join, to attach, to suit, to agree or be in unison with.”

1. fair, appropriate, suitable
   • ēge cerennum perse
     They ruled their kingdom fairly.
2. just, equitable
3. correct, right

Descendants:

• Ilesse: pessu
• S'entigneis: pés
• Tevrés: pies

pipiç

[ˈpɪ.pɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF pipëghan; PFV.PTCP piptus; OPT.1SG pipsid; PFV.1SG pipuī

From PI pipets, from PME pei “to flap one's arms, to paddle, to wave.”

(active)

1. it paddles me, it rows me (a boat)
2. it waves me, it flaps me
   • oscī auctūnus pipuete voenun ubrō
     Seeing Oscus, I waved at him.

(middle)

1. I swim, I paddle
2. I fly (a bird); I flap my wings and fly
3. I flutter, I flap (in the wind)

Derived terms:

• pipülun ("canoe, row-boat")

pīra

[ˈpiː.ra] n. c.
GEN.SG pīrae

From substrate loan. Hence also Dalitian phīrós.

1. wax

plācor

[ˈpɫaː.kɔr] v. stat.
IMPF.INF plācāsī; PFV.PTCP plācātus; OPT.1SG plācārō; PFV.1SG plācāvō

From PI plākāōr, from PME pḷḥ-kéḫ-, from root pleḥ (“to be flat, smooth”).

1. I am flat, even, level
2. I am smooth, shaved, soft
3. I am plain (speech, etc.), simple

plāta

[ˈpɫaː.ta] n. c.
GEN.SG plātae

From PI plātā, from PME pḷḥ-teḫ-, from root pleḥ (“to be flat, smooth”).

1. plain, open field, prairie, flatlands

Derived terms:

• applātiun ("village")
• plātāghus ("rustic, rural")

Descendants:

• Ilesse: xada
• Iscariano: piatta
• S'entigneis: plée
• Tevrés: llada

pliç

[plɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF plīghan; PFV.PTCP plītus; OPT.1SG plīrid; PFV.1SG plīvī

From PI plijets, from PME plei “to divide, to dissect.”

1. it knows me, is aware of me
   • plīvate garīnā nīnoman
     I got your name from a friend.
2. it understands me, grasps me, comprehends me
3. it notices me, feels me

plīnus

[ˈpliː.nʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG plīnī

From PI pleinos, from PME plei ("to divide, dissect").

1. twin, pair

pricaç

[ˈprɪ.kat͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF pricāghan; PFV.PTCP pricātus; OPT.1SG pricārid; PFV.1SG pricāvī

From PI prikāts, from PME pri-kéḫ-ti, from root prei (“to take, grad, grasp”).

1. it clasps me, grasps me, grips me, clutches me
2. it forms me, presses me into shape, it moulds me

Derived terms:

• reprïcaç ("it squeezes me")

Descendants:

• S'entigneis: prechau, proichez
• Tevrés: prigá, pregaz

prīmus

[ˈpriː.mʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG prīmī

From PI preimos, from PME prei ("to have, to hold, to grasp").

1. hand
   • dūbērur cōdō prīmōnāquo ferīs avīnē mavandā
     Their face and hands were black from days wandering in the wilderness.
2. forepaw
3. handwriting, penmanship

prīstus

[ˈpriːs.tʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG prīsta; E.NOM.SG prīstun

From PI prīsotos from old particle pri “before” (supplanted by pae) + -isotos (see -issïtus).

1. (ordinal) first
2. (with adj.) superlative, -est; the most

Descendants:

• Ilesse: pristu
• S'entigneis: prît
• Tevrés: priste

prōniç

[ˈproː.nɪt͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF prōnëghan; PFV.PTCP prōntus; OPT.1SG prōsid; PFV.1SG prōnuī

From PI proznets, from PME proš-né-ti, from root preš (“to be lying down, to be prone”).

1. I lie down
2. I go to bed, lie in bed
3. I sleep (lying down)
   • iesū vōnībūns cenuī prōntus
     I fell asleep reading last night.
4. I sleep (with someone, i.e. have sex)

pūter

[ˈpuː.tɛr] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG pūtëra; E.NOM.SG pūtërun;

From PI pūteros from PME peuḥ “to shine, to sparkle, to glimmer.”

1. pretty, lovely, beautiful, fair
2. clean, clear, pure, tidy, neat
3. completely, entirely

Descendants:

• Ilesse: pudru
• S'entigneis: pûre
• Tevrés: pudre

Q

qatlūs

[ˈqa.tɬuːs] n. t.
IMPF.INF qatlȳs

From PI qatɬus, from PME qeḥtł “nail (of the finger or toe).” Cognate with Dalitian khesýs, Stiric kiśraḥ, Old Marian qiça, Proto-Fyrdic χallaz.

1. nail (fingernail, toenail), claw, talon, hoof
2. hook, clasp
3. the tip, the extremity

qūs

[quːs] n. t.
IMPF.INF qūris

From PI qūs, from PME qúḥ-š- “pig, swine.”

1. pig, boar, pork

QU

quo

[qʷɔ] part.

From PI qʷe, from PME qwe “and.”

(particle)

1. and
2. also, too, in addition, as well, even
   • auxīte saub imterquo carmen
     I ache to see the ocean once more.

(conjugation)

1. if, when

R

rādeal

[ˈraː.de.aɫ] n. c.
IMPF.INF rādeālis

From rādeal + -al.

1. fear, dread, dismay, terror, horror, panic

Descendants:

• S'entigneis: rajal
• Tevrés: rayal

rādeor

[ˈraː.de.ɔr] v. tr.
IMPF.INF rādēsī; PFV.PTCP rāsus; OPT.1SG rāsō; PFV.1SG rādēvō

From PI xrādējōr, from PME yerḥ “to be strong, powerful, capable.” Hence also rāscus "strong."

1. I am scary, frightening, eerie, dreadful
   • rādērra satercās tīrhaelī
     My child is afraid of the dark.

Derived terms:

• rādeal ("fear, dread, horror")

reghiç

[ˈrɛ.ɣɪt͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF regghan; PFV.PTCP rēctus; OPT.1SG rēxid; PFV.1SG rēghī

From PI reʁets, from PME ḫwregh (“to flow, to stream, to drift, to run").

1. I stream, I flow, I run
   • hicreghī vōmen allundā imnī
     The river does not flow especially fast.
2. I am washed away, carried
3. I drift, I float, wander, stray
4. I spread, I circulate
   • sa gēshēsta pelïda vecī regghan gaulandū dītūs
     The local government must try to stop the spread of the disease.
5. I pass, elapse, am transmitted
6. I am exiled, called off, forfeited, disappeared, removed
   • rēctīvend rēs cōmī indërī ucin
     The king exiled six houses from the capital.

Derived terms:

• abrëghiç ("I overflow")
• aurrëghiç ("I circulate, spread")
• irrëghiç ("I flow in")
• obrëghiç ("I am exiled")
• reghiō ("flow, current")
• sorrëghiç ("I wander, stray")

rennun

[ˈrɛ̃n.nũː] n. e.
IMPF.INF rennī

From PI rənnom, from PME rṇ-nó from root renḫw- “to lead, to rule, to be straight, to straighten.”

1. kingdom
   • ēge cerennum perse
     They ruled their kingdom fairly.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: irrenu
• S'entigneis: ran
• Tevrés: arreño

rēs

[reːs] n. t.
IMPF.INF rēnis

From PI rēns, from PME rēnḫw-š from root renḫw- “to lead, to rule, to be straight, to straighten.”

1. king, monarch, ruler, leader, sovereign

Descendants:

• Ilesse: irrẽ
• S'entigneis: ran
• Tevrés: arren

rumus

[ˈrʊ.mʊs] n. t.
IMPF.INF rumī

From PI romos, from PME rṓm “cow, cattle.”

1. cattle, cow, bull, ox, calf
2. beef

RH

rhaecus

[ˈr̥ɛː.kʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG rhaecua; E.NOM.SG rhaecun

From PI r̥āikʷos, from PME ďéḫi-kʷo-, from root ďeḫi “small, few, little.”

1. few, little, scarce, insufficient, seldom

Descendants:

• Ilesse: regu
• S'entigneis: rieu
• Tevrés: rieguo

rhael

[r̥ɛːɫ] n. t.
IMPF.INF rhaelis

From PI r̥āil, from PME ďéḫi-li-, from root ďeḫi “small, few, little.”

1. child, son or daughter
   • deca rhael nīlean garundā
     The child hugs their doll affectionately.
2. person
3. heir, prince

Descendants:

• Ilesse: rei
• S'entigneis: rieu
• Tevrés: riel

rhaius

[ˈr̥aj.jʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG rhaia; E.NOM.SG rhaiun

From PI r̥ajjos, from PME ďḫi-ió-, from root ďeḫi “small, few, little.”

1. small, little, tiny

Descendants:

• Ilesse: reiu
• S'entigneis: rai
• Tevrés: rey

S

sacūs

[ˈsa.kuːs] n. t.
GEN.SG sacȳs

From PI sakus from PME žḥecu- “to be sharp, pointy acidic, bitter.”

1. needle, pin, spike

Descendants:

• Ilesse: sagu
• S'entigneis: sau
• Tevrés: sague

saepiç

[ˈsɛː.pɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF saepīghan; PFV.PTCP saeptus; OPT.1SG saepsid; PFV.1SG saepīvī

From PI saipjets from PME šḫeip “to cut, slice, cut through.”

1. it cuts me, it cuts through me
2. it severs me
3. it terminates me
4. it opens me (something sealed)
5. it starts me
6. it reduces me, decreases me
7. it crosses me, traverses me
8. it acts decisively towards me, it resolves me
9. it dismisses me, it sacks me, lets me go
10. it trumps me
11. it finishes me, completes me
12. it kills me (a human) with a sword

Descendants:

• Ilesse: seviga
• S'entigneis: sevie
• Tevrés: sebía

salva

[ˈsaɫ.ʋa] n. c.
GEN.SG salvae

From PI salwā from PME šḫl-w-eḫ- from root šeḫl “to spin, to furl, to curl.”

1. book, volume, script
   • gēm matërir agnō dentus iovēva salvan
     They wrote a book about senatorial matters.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: souva
• S'entigneis: sauve
• Tevrés: salva

salvar

[ˈsaɫ.ʋar] n. c.
GEN.SG salvāris

From collective form of salva.

1. collection, cannon (literary, judicial, etc.), library (in abstract)

Descendants:

• Ilesse: souvare
• S'entigneis: sauver
• Tevrés: salvar

salvāriun

[saɫˈʋaː.rjũː] n. e.
GEN.SG salvārī

From salvar + iun.

1. library (a physical location), bookshelf; any place for storing books
2. shelf, shelves, ledge, rack

Descendants:

• Ilesse: souveiru
• S'entigneis: sauver
• Tevrés: salver

samus

[ˈsa.mʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG samī

From PI samos, from PME šeḫw ("to point, to lead, to direct").

1. direction, way, side, area
2. side (of an argument, etc.), one's part
3. indicates one side of a comparison
   • hellërur tōrir prīste ostëntōbus samus avī et au aucellā
     The largest stars are more brighter than the sun than the sun is brighter than a bedside lamp.
   • filīrur oscī samus avīlī
     Oscus is taller than Avil.
4. way, method, manner, means

sater

[ˈsa.tɛr] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG satëra; E.NOM.SG satërun

From PI sateros, from PME tkḫw-tero-, from root tekḫw ("night"). Hence also tociun ("dawn").

1. shining black (as opposed to dūbeus "dull black")
   • ēs iesūs satërū saub pūtërūquo
     The night is dark but also beautiful.

Derived terms:

• satercās ("darkness, void, space")
• saterna ("nightmare, bad dream")

Descendants:

• S'entigneis: sère
• Tevrés: sadre

saub

[sɔːb] prep.

From PI sāuβ, from PME se-ḫubi.

(preposition)

1. only, just, merely, simply, no more than, nothing but, alone
2. (with -quo) even
   • auxīte saub imterquo carmen
     I ache to see the ocean once more.

(conjunction)

1. but, however, though, nevertheless, still, yet, even so

secuiç

[ˈsɛ.kᶣɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF secuëghan; PFV.PTCP secuïtus; OPT.1SG sexid; PFV.1SG sēcuī

From PI sekwets from PME žḥecu (“to bite, to sting, to be bitter, sour, acidic”).

1. it bites me, stings me
2. it tastes bitter to me, sour to me
   • se tīn hodō secuïbundī iūrū
     The more bitter the tea the more delicious.
3. it is disagreeable to me; I dislike it
   • sēcuī ubra salvaso īmā binnō
     I did not like that book one bit!

Descendants:

• Dalot: séghega
• Ilesse: seviga
• S'entigneis: siegue
• Tevrés: sieguia

seriç

[ˈsɛ.rɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF serëghan; PFV.PTCP sestus; OPT.1SG sessid; PFV.1SG sevī

From PI sezets from PME še-šḫw-é-ti, reduplicated form root šeḫw "to point; ray." Cognate with Dalitian héois, Stiric sasati, Old Marian hahatiy.

1. it pierces me, stabs me, prick me, sticks me, thrusts into me (see īnsëriç)
2. it points to me, it identifies me, indicates me (axëriç)
3. it nominates me, it selects me
4. it shines on me (see apsëriç)
   • moeiç au carmen serentun
     I like to see the sun shining on the ocean.
5. it holds me (an umbrella, flag, etc.) up, it raises me (see surrïdiç)
6. it extend me (one's arm) forward (see collëriç)
7. it wears me (a sword) at the waist (see illëriç)
8. it pours me (liquid), it serves me (drinks) (see dērïdiç)

(auxiliary)

1. it orders, directs, dictates it to do something
   • seva rēs turātārin soncarpidïnīs murrae façëghan
     The king ordered the army to erect walls around Carpidre.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: sariga
• S'entigneis: serie
• Tevrés: sería

staç

[stat͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF staghan; PFV.PTCP status; OPT.1SG starid; PFV.1SG staevī

From PI stats, from PME steḥ ("to pass").

1. I pass (of time), I elapse

(transitive)

1. it spends me (time)

sterus

[ˈstɛ.rʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG stera; E.NOM.SG sterun

From PI steros from PME š-ťér-o- from root ťer “to hit down, to smack, to beat, to pack down.” Cognate with Stiric ṣṭaraḥ (Doti ṭharo).

1. hard, solid, tough
   • se pannun fic sterun hicectequo
     This bread is hard and I cannot eat it.
2. stiff, inflexible, rigid
3. strong, firm

Descendants:

• Ilesse: isteru
• S'entigneis: ètier
• Tevrés: estier

sīcaç

[ˈsiː.kat͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF sīcāghan; PFV.PTCP sīcātus; OPT.1SG sīcārid; PFV.1SG sīcāvī

From PI seikājō, from PME šeik “to taste, to try out, to notice.”

1. it tastes me, savours me
   • sīcārur fic pannunso mē iūs
     This bread tastes so good!
2. it experiences me, it undergoes me
3. it attains me, earns me, wins me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: xigaga
• S'entigneis: sichée
• Tevrés: sigá

sonia

[ˈsɔ.ɲja] n. c.
GEN.SG soniae

From PI somjā, from PME šem “to be, to exist.”

1. presence of mind, mindfulness
2. humility, modesty, being humble
   • sa rēs soniau ferundō culc'iumīnōnā mersūs
     In order to remain humble, a king must mingle with their people.

Derived terms:

• soniāghus ("humble, present, mindful")
• soniāghō ("humble person, mindful person, sage")

Descendants:

• Ilesse: soña
• Iscariano: suogna
• Îredese: soiã
• S'entigneis: suigne
• Tevrés: sueña
• Venzano: sogna

sopur

[ˈsɔ.pʊr] n. c.
GEN.SG sopris

From PI sopor, from PME šópr~šopnós (“snow”). Hence also sumnus (“wise, old, sage’ elder”) and supentus (“snowy, snow-covered”).

1. snow

Derived terms:

• soperna ("snowflake")
• sopreun ("winter pine")

Descendants:

• Dalot: sobre
• Ilesse: sovre
• Iscariano: sobre
• Îredese: sopre
• S'entigneis: seuvre
• Tevrés: suevre

sūbiç

[ˈsuː.bɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF sūbëghan; PFV.PTCP sūptus; OPT.1SG sūpsid; PFV.1SG sūvī

From PI soiðets, from PME šeid “to drive, to push, to strike, to thrust.” β to ð perhaps occurred due to confusion between oi and ou. Found alongside dialectal sībiç. Cognate with Dalitian hídeis, Stiric sédhati. Hence also sillun "plow," simmus "strike."

1. it pushes me, drives me, hurls me, compels me, propels me
   • s'oelun nemōnis nīrī mēgestum perre sūptū
     It is the job of the judge to compel people to tell the truth.
2. it expels me, banishes me, ejects me, casts me out
   • sūvend rēs matërī audindërī
     The king banished the senate from the capital.
3. it strikes me, it sets me in motion
4. it moves me

Derived terms:

• cērūbiç

Descendants:

• Ilesse: suviga
• S'entigneis: suvie
• Tevrés: subía

sumor

[ˈsʊ.mɔr] v. stat.
IMPF.INF sumissī; PFV.PTCP sumptus; OPT.1SG sumsid; PFV.1SG sūmō

From PI sumōr from PME šeum “to warm, hot.”

1. I am warm, hot
   • sumerra prīste fac cās appū
     This month will be the hottest of the year.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: suiga
• S'entigneis: sommie
• Tevrés: somía

sunç

[sʊ̃nt͡s] cop.
IMPF.INF senan; PFV.PTCP quitus; OPT.1SG sēsid; PFV.1SG quī

From PI sonts from PME šem “to be, to exist.”

1. I am, I exist; the copula
   • send mȳneīs fūner nīrer belle
     The bay was full of boats and people.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: sũ
• S'entigneis: sonz
• Tevrés: son

T

taliç

[ˈta.lɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF talīghan; PFV.PTCP taltus; OPT.1SG tallid; PFV.1SG taluī

From PI toliets, from PME tel ("to spring"). Cognates include Dalitian thálleis ("it runs me").

1. it leaps (over) me, jumps me, bounds me, springs over me, hops over me
2. it flies in me, it soars through me
   • talī aux cīlun
     A bird is flying in the sky.

tīn

[tĩːn] n. e.
GEN.SG tīnis

From PI tein, of unknown origins, probably a loan.

1. tea; black tea
   • tellednenē tlīs imindërīs tlāna tīnis sa?
     Would you tell me where the best tea in the capital is?

Descendants:

• Ilesse: çi
• S'entigneis: tin
• Tevrés: tin

telliç

[ˈtɛl.lɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF tellëghan; PFV.PTCP tulsus; OPT.1SG tulsid; PFV.1SG tolī

From PI telnets, from PME tedłḫw “to see, to know.” Originally meaning "to know, to learn," was shifted to replace the similar toleç "to tell, make known." Original meaning was then replaced by tesciç "to learn, grasp."

1. it teaches me, it instructs me
2. it tells me, it informs me
   • tellednenē tlīs imindërīs tlāna tīnis sa?
     Would you tell me where the best tea in the capital is?

Derived terms:

• abstelliç "It tells them about me"

Descendants:

• Ilesse: telliga
• S'entigneis: tellie
• Tevrés: tellía

tetiç

[ˈtɛ.tɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF tetëghan; PFV.PTCP tessus; OPT.1SG tessid; PFV.1SG tetuī

From PI tetets, from PME teťḥ “to drink, to ingest.” Hence also tālun ("cup, bowl").

1. it drinks me, ingests me, gulps me, swallows me
2. (of medicine) takes me
3. it engulfs me, overwhelms me

tōnus

[ˈtoː.nʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG tōnī

From Old Aeranir tōmnos, PI towomnos ("verdict, decision, judgement"), from PME ḥtou-omno-š, from root ḥteu ("to sieve, to sift, to filter").

1. crime, sin, wrongdoing, indiscretion
   • hicacendërāt' et oscus tōnun crūve
     I do not believe that Oscus has committed a crime.
2. penalty, sentence, punishment
3. fault, responsibility, culpability

trāvaç

[ˈtraː.ʋat͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF trāvāghan; PFV.PTCP trāvātus; OPT.1SG trāvārid; PFV.1SG trāvāvī

From trāva ("garden").

1. I walk
   • iesū çurmorgian cōmō vandō trāvantus cenuī menī cueiëgātā augēbūns
     Whilst walking home last night through the mist I saw a strange form.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: travaga
• S'entigneis: traivée
• Tevrés: travá

TL

tlāna

[ˈtɬaː.na] n. c.
GEN.SG tlānae

From PI tɬaznā, from PME tłeḫš “to bloom, to blossom.”

1. flower, blossom
2. the best of something, the peak
   • tellednenē tlīs imindërīs tlāna tīnis sa?
     Would you tell me where the best tea in the capital is?

Descendants:

• Ilesse: xã
• S'entigneis: lhaine
• Tevrén: lhana

tlānāriun

[tɬaːˈnaː.rjũː] n. e
GEN.SG tlānārī

From tlāna + -āriun.

1. flower garden
   • auctïtor tīcōmā tlānāriō
     I can see the flower garden from my house.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: tleiru
• S'entigneis: tlanier
• Tevrén: tlaner

tlis

[t͡ɬɪs] pro.
GEN.SG tleī

From PME tł- “what.”

1. interrogative pronoun; what, which
2. relative pronoun; that, which

U

uma

[ˈʊ.ma] n. t.
GEN.SG umae

From PI omā, possibly from baby talk.

1. mother (humble), my own mother
   • acultiate tlānae umō
     I water flowers for my mother.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: ma
• S'entigneis: ouma
• Tevrés: oma

ūrus

[ˈuː.rʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG ūrī

From PI ouros, from PME ḥeuď ("to bend, bend over").

1. back, behind, rear

V

vaç

[ʋat͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF vaghan; PFV.PTCP vatus; OPT.1SG varid; PFV.1SG vaevī

From PI wats, from PME weḫw “to go, to walk.”

1. I go, I move (in a direction) I head (towards somewhere)
   • ven hānō ēvecō veniendō
     You should go to the temple to prevail against the curse.
   • iesū çurmorgian cōmō vandō trāvantus cenuī menī cueiëgātā augēbūns
     Whilst walking home last night through the mist I saw a strange form.
2. (causative) it forgets me, overlooks me
   • hicvatiās hodun nīmenis
     You should not forget your body's limits.

vāsciç

[ˈʋaːs.cɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF vāscëghan; PFV.PTCP vassus; OPT.1SG vāsid; PFV.1SG vēdī

From PI waðskets, from PME weḥd (“to be wet”). Hence also varun ("dew"), çurvōdeç ("it wets me, moistens me, soaks me"), vador ("I am wet"), vēriç ("I sweat"), vadiëgaç ("I become wet, I get wet")

1. it washes me, cleanses me, rinses me
   • vāscērur tīn ūlōs sōlōs iūs, saub crūs hic
     Tea should wash easily from these robes, but not blood.
2. it inquires into me, investigates me (see sōvāsciç)
   • vāsca aecū gēn festiōnis matëris cibī
     I shall investigate the matter of the senator's murder myself.

Derived terms:

• sōvāsciç ("it investigates me")
• obvāsciç ("it washes me off; away")

vecun

[ˈʋɛ.kũː] n. e.
GEN.SG vecī

From PI wekom, from PME uekḫ “ illness, sickness, disease, disability, disfigurement, bad luck, curse.”

1. poison, toxicant, venom
2. harm, evil influence, curse
   • ven hānō ēvecō veniendō
     You should go to the temple to prevail against the curse.
3. ill will, spite, malice

Descendants:

• Ilesse: vegu
• S'entigneis: viec
• Tevrés: viego

veghiç

[ˈʋɛ.ɣɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF vegghan; PFV.PTCP veqtus; OPT.1SG veqsid; PFV.1SG vevī

From PI weʁets, from PME uegh "to carry over one's shoulder, to sling over something."

1. it carries me, transports me, moves me, conveys me
2. it proceeds me, progresses me, chooses me, cultivates me
   • garīnae veghundō sa hinae astun iūctū
     You must be careful in choosing your friends.

velior

[ˈʋɛ.ljɔr] v. stat.
IMPF.INF velīsī; PFV.PTCP velïtus; OPT.1SG vellō; PFV.1SG veluō

From PI gʷeljōr, from PME ggweli "to be lying down on one side, to be resting, to be prone."

1. I am sad, scared, dejected
2. I am weak
3. I am prone to, I am weak against

Derived terms:

• verial ("sadness, sorrow, grief")

veniç

[ˈʋɛ.nɪt͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF venīghan; PFV.PTCP ventus; OPT.1SG veniërid; PFV.1SG venīvī

From PI gʷənjets, from PME ggw-ṇ-í-ti “I am victorious, I am winning, I win,” n-present of root ggwei “I am able, I have won.” Hence also voenun “arm, skill.”

1. I win, I again victory, I prevail
   • ven hānō ēvecō veniendō
     You should go to the temple to prevail against the curse.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: veiniga
• S'entigneis: venie
• Tevrés: venía

verial

[ˈʋɛ.rjaɫ] n. c.
GEN.SG veriālis

Dissimilated from earlier velial, from velior + -al.

1. sadness, grief, sorrow, gloom

voenun

[ˈʋøː.nũː] n. e.
GEN.SG voenī

From PI gʷoinom, from PME ggwoi-nó-m “strength, skill,” from root ggwei “I am able, I have won.” Hence also veniç “I win.”

1. arm
   • hōsaeneso tīvoenun. condērurso.
     Let go of my arm! It hurts!
2. skill, effort, ability

Descendants:

• Ilesse: veiu
• S'entigneis: vein
• Tevrés: ven

vōmen

[ˈʋoː.mɛ̃n] n. e.
GEN.SG vōmïnis

From PI weksmən, from PME ueggš- “ to stream, to flow, to run, to sweep, to spread; to drift, to float, to wander, to stray.”

1. river, stream
   • hicallërur vōmen imnī
     The river is not excessively fast.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: vomme
• S'entigneis: vomme
• Tevrés: vombre

Z

zepphon

[ˈzɛf.fɔn~ˈzɛf.fõː~ˈsɛf.fõː] n. e.
GEN.SG zepphoi

Loaned from Dalitian zepphón from PME žḥecu- “to be sharp, pointy acidic, bitter.” Is often found in Aeranized form zepphun. Cognate with Stiric haśvam, Old Marian daspam. Doublet with earlier borrowing sippun ("lemonade, lemon juice").

1. lemon, lime, citron

Derived terms:

• zeppheus (“citric, citrus, lemony, sour”)
• zepphïdiun ("citrus, citric acid")

Descendants:

• Ilesse: sefu
• S'entigneis: sèf
• Tevrés: siefo