Togarmite/Old/Gzarot: Difference between revisions
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==3-y== | ==3-y== | ||
These verbs have 3sg.m past ''-ė'' from ''*-aya'' and ''-ē'' without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from ''*-iyu''. | These verbs have 3sg.m past ''-ė'' from ''*-aya'' and ''-ē'' without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from ''*-iyu''. A lot of analogy has taken place in this gizra, as in Hebrew. | ||
===''faȝāl''=== | ===''faȝāl''=== | ||
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Revision as of 16:59, 23 August 2019
Gzarot (Hebrew, sg. gizra 'figure, form, pattern') in Togarmite are variations of an inflectional (especially verbal) paradigm that are determined by the choice of consonants in the consonantal root. Thus, a paradigm has not only a regular gizra but various irregular ones, which occur most commonly when
- the consonantal root contains a "guttural" (ʔ ȝ h) or a semivowel (j w);
- the consonantal root contains a n, since nC tends to assimilate into CC
- the consonantal root has 2 letters.
2-ȝ
- √t-ȝ-m 'to choose'
-ā/a- instead of -ō/u- before C3 in prefix conjugation
Binyan 1a
→ Person ↓ Tense |
1sg | 2sg.m | 2sg.f | 3sg.m | 3sg.f | 1pl | 2pl.m | 2pl.f | 3pl.m | 3pl.f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past | taȝámθī | taȝámθa | taȝámθi | taȝā́m | taȝā́maθ | taȝámnė | taȝámθum | taȝámθin | taȝā́mū | taȝā́mė |
present | ʔatėȝā́m | θatėȝā́m | θatėȝā́mī | yatėȝā́m | yatėȝā́mī | natėȝā́m | θatėȝā́mū | θatėȝámna | yatėȝā́mū | yatėȝámna |
future | ʔatȝā́m | θatȝā́m | θatȝā́mī | yatȝā́m | yatȝā́mī | natȝā́m | θatȝā́mū | θatȝámna | yatȝā́mū | yatȝámna |
optative | ʔatȝamánna | θatȝamánna | θatȝamī́nna | yatȝamánna | yatȝamī́nna | natȝamánna | θatȝamū́nna | θatȝamnánna | yatȝamū́nna | yatȝamnánna |
jussive | ʔátȝam | θátȝam | θátȝamī | yátȝam | yátȝamī | nátȝam | θátȝamū | θatȝámna | yátȝamū | yatȝámna |
imperative | - | taȝā́m! | taȝā́mī! | - | - | - | taȝā́mū! | taȝā́mė! | - | - |
active participle | tėȝḗm | |||||||||
passive participle | matȝū́m | |||||||||
verbal noun | tiȝė́m |
3-y
These verbs have 3sg.m past -ė from *-aya and -ē without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from *-iyu. A lot of analogy has taken place in this gizra, as in Hebrew.
faȝāl
→ Person ↓ Tense |
1sg | 2sg.m | 2sg.f | 3sg.m | 3sg.f | 1pl | 2pl.m | 2pl.f | 3pl.m | 3pl.f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past; conditional | banáyθī | banáyθa | banáyθi | banė́ | banė́θ | banáynė | banáyθum | banáyθin | banū́ | banė́ |
present | ʔabėnḗ | tabėnḗ | tabėnī́ | yabėnḗ | yabėnī́ | nabėnḗ | tabėnū́ | tabėnḗna | yabėnū́ | yabėnḗna |
future | ʔabnḗ | tabnḗ | tabnī́ | yabnḗ | yabnī́ | nabnḗ | tabnū́ | tabnḗna | yabnū́ | yabnḗna |
optative | ʔabnénna | tabnénna | tabnī́nna | yabnénna | yabnī́nna | nabnénna | tabnū́nna | tabnēnánna | yabnū́nna | yabnēnánna |
jussive | ʔábne | tábne | tábnī | yábne | yábnī | nábne | tábnū | tabnḗna | yábnū | yabnḗna |
imperative | - | bunḗ! | bunī́! | - | - | - | bunū́! | bunḗna! | - | - |
active participle | bėnḗ | |||||||||
passive participle | mabnū́y | |||||||||
verbal noun | binė́θ |
nufȝāl
→ Person ↓ Tense |
1sg | 2sg.m | 2sg.f | 3sg.m | 3sg.f | 1pl | 2pl.m | 2pl.f | 3pl.m | 3pl.f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past; conditional | nubnáyθī | nubnáyθa | nubnáyθi | nubnė́ | nubnė́θ | nubnáynė | nubnáyθum | nubnáyθin | nubnū́ | nubnė́ |
present | ʔubbėnḗ | tubbėnḗ | tubbėnī́ | yubbėnḗ | yubbėnī́ | nubbėnḗ | tubbėnū́ | tubbėnḗna | yubbėnū́ | yubbėnḗna |
future | ʔubbanḗ | tubbanḗ | tubbanī́ | yubbanḗ | yubbanī́ | nubbanḗ | tubbanū́ | tubbanḗna | yubbanū́ | yubbanḗna |
optative | ʔubbanénna | tubbanénna | tubbanínna | yubbanénna | yubbanínna | nubbanénna | tubbanúnna | tubbanēnánna | yubbanúnna | yubbanēnánna |
jussive | ʔúbbane | túbbane | túbbanī | yúbbane | yúbbanī | núbbane | túbbanū | tubbanḗna | yúbbanū | yubbanḗna |
imperative | - | hubbanḗ! | hubbanī́! | - | - | - | hubbanū́! | hubbanḗna! | - | - |
participle | mubbanḗ | |||||||||
verbal noun | nubnė́θ |
3-w
These verbs have 3sg.m past -ō from *-awa and -ū without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from *-iwu.
Binyan 1a
→ Person ↓ Tense |
1sg | 2sg.m | 2sg.f | 3sg.m | 3sg.f | 1pl | 2pl.m | 2pl.f | 3pl.m | 3pl.f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past; conditional | manawθī | manawθa | manawθi | manō | manōθ | manawnė | manawθum | manawθin | manū | manė |
nonpast | ʔamnū | tamnū | tamnī | yamnū | yamnī | namnū | tamnū | tamnė | yamnū | yamnė |
optative | ʔamnunna | tamnunna | tamnīnna | yamnunna | yamnīnna | namnunna | tamnūnna | tamnėnna | yamnūnna | yamnėnna |
jussive | ʔamnu | tamnu | tamnī | yamnu | yamnī | namnu | tamnū | tamnė | yamnū | yamnė |
imperative | - | manū! | manī! | - | - | - | manū! | manė! | - | - |
active participle | mėnū | |||||||||
passive participle | manū | |||||||||
verbal noun | minėθ |