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Chlouvānem/Syntax: Difference between revisions
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| gloss = <small>1SG.DIR</small>. <small>TOPIC</small>. one-<small>EXESS</small>. yaltan-<small>EXESS.SG</small>. buy.<small>SUBJ.PERF-EXP-3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. <small>DECLAR</small>. | | gloss = <small>1SG.DIR</small>. <small>TOPIC</small>. one-<small>EXESS</small>. yaltan-<small>EXESS.SG</small>. buy.<small>SUBJ.PERF-EXP-3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. <small>DECLAR</small>. | ||
| translation = I'd buy it for one yaltan! | | translation = I'd buy it for one yaltan! | ||
}} | |||
==Other complex sentences== | |||
Complex sentences in Chlouvānem are often either independent clauses or attributives to particles or grammaticalized nouns. | |||
===Concession clauses=== | |||
The typical way of building a concession clause (''khlaketanęs kulkāram'') is by simply coordinating two clauses with '''ni''' (but): | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = yaivita tattekilē, nelyęru nanau ni ukulāltaṃte. | |||
| gloss = everyone.<small>DIR</small>. protest.<small>IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. think.<small>IND.PRES-EXP-1SG-INTERIOR.COMMON</small>. that-<small>ACC</small>. but. say.<small>IND.FUTINT-EXP-1SG.EXTERIOR-PATIENT</small>. | |||
| translation = Everyone is protesting, but I will [still] say what I think. ~ Even if everyone is protesting, I will say what I think. | |||
}} | |||
In less colloquial styles, the additional clause may have a subjunctive verb followed by ''daudī'': | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = yaivita tattekulī daudī, nelyęru nanau ni ukulāltaṃte. | |||
| gloss = everyone.<small>DIR</small>. protest.<small>SUBJ.IMPF-EXP-3.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. want.<small>SUBJ.IMPF-EXP-3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. think.<small>IND.PRES-EXP-1SG-INTERIOR.COMMON</small>. that-<small>ACC</small>. but. say.<small>IND.FUTINT-EXP-1SG.EXTERIOR-PATIENT</small>. | |||
| translation = Despite everyone being protesting, I will say what I think. | |||
}} | |||
The particle '''ni''' is also used to implicitly form a concessive clause using the essive absolute: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = giṣṭarą juṃgale ni lǣt. | |||
| gloss = young_person-<small>ESS.SG</small>. diocesan_synod-<small>LOC.SG</small>. but. already. | |||
| translation = Even if (s)he is young, (s)he is already [a member of] the Diocesan Synod. | |||
}} | |||
Another way of building a concession clause is to use '''pū''' (if) with a subjunctive verb and a polarly opposite main clause in the indicative; this is mostly done when the topic of both clauses is the same. | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = pū daudatite gu dadarṇāyute ša. | |||
| gloss = if. want.<small>SUBJ.IMPF-EXP-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. <small>NEG=</small>do.<small>POT-IND.PRES-EXP-1SG-EXTERIOR-AGENT=NEG</small>. | |||
| translation = Even if I want to, I can't do it. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = pū gu daudatite ša dardṛṣūyute. | |||
| gloss = if. <small>NEG=</small>want.<small>SUBJ.IMPF-EXP-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT=NEG</small>. do.<small>NECESS-IND.PRES-EXP-1SG-EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | |||
| translation = Even if I don't want to, I have to do it. | |||
}} | |||
Hypothetical concessives are built by using '''pū''' in the concessive, connecting the main clause with '''ni''' and optionally using an adverb such as '''jahān''' (anyway). Both clauses need to be in the subjunctive, and in this case after ''pū'' there must be a perfective subjunctive: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = pū galtargyom namirtirēt (jahān) ṭhivēt ni. | |||
| gloss = if. train-<small>DAT.SG</small>. sit_inside.<small>SUBJ.PERF-EXP-3-INTERIOR.COMMON</small> (anyway.) be_late/slow.<small>SUBJ.PERF-EXP-3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. but. | |||
| translation = Had (s)he taken the train, (s)he would have been late anyway. | |||
}} | }} | ||