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Chlouvānem/Syntax: Difference between revisions
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| gloss = if. train-<small>DAT.SG</small>. sit_inside.<small>SUBJ.PERF-EXP-3-INTERIOR.COMMON</small> (anyway.) be_late/slow.<small>SUBJ.PERF-EXP-3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. but. | | gloss = if. train-<small>DAT.SG</small>. sit_inside.<small>SUBJ.PERF-EXP-3-INTERIOR.COMMON</small> (anyway.) be_late/slow.<small>SUBJ.PERF-EXP-3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. but. | ||
| translation = Had (s)he taken the train, (s)he would have been late anyway. | | translation = Had (s)he taken the train, (s)he would have been late anyway. | ||
}} | |||
===Causal and consecutive clauses=== | |||
Not unlike Latin, Chlouvānem distinguishes between objective (''gu tatikilenūkire'' 'non-reportative') and subjective (''tatikilenūkire'' 'reportative') causal clauses (''amyąuvą kulkārāk'', sg. ''kulkāram''). The unmarked ones are objective, and marked by particles such as '''nyąu''' or '''tī''' along with an indicative mood verb; subjective causals are built the same way, but mandatorily need a reportative evidential. | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = nanā mæn rileyiṣyaṃte nyąu maitemęlyu. | |||
| gloss = that.<small>DIR</small>. <small>TOP</small>. need.<small>IND.FUT-EXP-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. because. prepare.<small>IND.PRES-EXP-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | |||
| translation = Because I'll be needing it, I'm preparing it. ~ I'm preparing it because I will need it in the future. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = nanā mæn lilemāvya rileyiṣyemyate nyąu maitemęlyē. | |||
| gloss = that.<small>DIR</small>. <small>TOP</small>. Lilemāvya.<small>DIR</small> need.<small>IND.FUT-REP1-3.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. because. prepare.<small>IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | |||
| translation = As, she says, she'll need it in the future, Lilemāvya is preparing it. | |||
}} | |||
Especially in more colloquial styles, it is possible to juxtapose clauses (optionally with a correlative of reason) to explain the cause. Technically, in this case, one could analyze either the first clause as a causal or the second one as consecutive. | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = menire kimbahēšyom galtargyom nememirtsoliram nupsiṭ kāvupudbhāliram no. | |||
| gloss = tomorrow. Kimbahēši-<small>DAT</small>. train-<small>DAT.SG</small>. sit_inside.<small>NECESS-IND.FUTINT-EXP-1SG-COMMON.INTERIOR</small>. be_early-<small>ADV</small>. wake_up.<small>IND.FUTINT-EXP-1SG-COMMON.INTERIOR</small>. and. | |||
| translation = Tomorrow I need to get on the train to Kimbahēši and [so] I'll wake up early. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = menire kimbahēšyom galtargyom nememirtsoliram emena nupsiṭ kāvupudbhāliram. | |||
| gloss = tomorrow. Kimbahēši-<small>DAT</small>. train-<small>DAT.SG</small>. sit_inside.<small>NECESS-IND.FUTINT-EXP-1SG-COMMON.INTERIOR</small>. herefore. be_early-<small>ADV</small>. wake_up.<small>IND.FUTINT-EXP-1SG-COMMON.INTERIOR</small>. | |||
| translation = Tomorrow I need to get on the train to Kimbahēši, for this reason I'll wake up early. | |||
}} | |||
The causal may also be rendered by using an essive absolute: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = rahēlkite ħaiɂlañšįs ṣastirvam givūrų nupsiṭ bisavasālta. | |||
| gloss = hospital-<small>LOC.SG</small>. wife.<small>HON-ESS.SG</small>. Ṣastirvam.<small>DIR</small>. factory-<small>ABL.SG</small>. be_early-<small>ADV</small>. go_away_by_vehicle.<small>MONODIR.IND.FUTINT-EXP-3.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | |||
| translation = His wife being in hospital, Ṣastirvam will leave [work at] the factory early. | |||
}} | }} | ||