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User:Chrysophylax/amaits/history: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 00:21, 5 January 2021
, 5 January 2021→Late IE
Chrysophylax (talk | contribs) m (→early amessian) |
Chrysophylax (talk | contribs) m (→Late IE) |
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== Late IE == | == Late IE == | ||
# colouring of vowels | # colouring of vowels | ||
#: ''*e → *a / _[*k *h2], [*h2]_'' | #: ''*e → *a / _[*k *h2], [*h2]_'' ('''we follow the idea that the 'plain' velars were marked +uvulars or something of the like, so we take *k to be lowering of *e, a first in IE conlangs?''') | ||
#: ''*e → *o / _[*h3], [*h3]_'' | #: ''*e → *o / _[*h3], [*h3]_'' | ||
# lengthening and deletion of laryngeals | # lengthening and deletion of laryngeals | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
# dative, instrumental plural replace -bʰ- with -m- (shared NE isogloss) | # dative, instrumental plural replace -bʰ- with -m- (shared NE isogloss) | ||
# *-bʰí > *-mí, -bʰos > -mos | # *-bʰí > *-mí, -bʰos > -mos | ||
== Dialectal IE == | == Dialectal IE == | ||
# assimilation of m to s | # assimilation of m to s | ||
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#: ''*k *g *gʰ → *k̟ *g̟ *g̟ʰ'' | #: ''*k *g *gʰ → *k̟ *g̟ *g̟ʰ'' | ||
#: ''*ḱ *ǵ *ǵʰ → *t͡ʃ *d͡ʒ *ʑ'' | #: ''*ḱ *ǵ *ǵʰ → *t͡ʃ *d͡ʒ *ʑ'' | ||
# innovated 3sg pres. ending in -s-ke-i (<? *-t-g(ʰ)i-ḱe-i) | # innovated 3sg pres. ending in -s-ke-i (<? *-t-g(ʰ)i-ḱe-i) (?≃?'3sg-indeed-he-now') | ||
#: ''*bʰeret͡si replaced by *bʰereskei'', '''however''', the copula remains ''*Hessi'' for {{sc|3sg.pres}} | #: ''*bʰeret͡si replaced by *bʰereskei'', '''however''', the copula remains ''*Hessi'' for {{sc|3sg.pres}} | ||
# regressive velarization of sonorants | # regressive velarization of sonorants | ||
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#: *óˀ → *uɘ̯i̯ | #: *óˀ → *uɘ̯i̯ | ||
#:: e.g. *óˀskɨr → *uɘ̯i̯skɨr (< *Hóh₃s-k-r̥ 'ash tree (material)') | #:: e.g. *óˀskɨr → *uɘ̯i̯skɨr (< *Hóh₃s-k-r̥ 'ash tree (material)') | ||
# accented, stodded e breaks | |||
#: *éˀ → *ei̯ | |||
# second palatalisation: fronted velars before front vowels | # second palatalisation: fronted velars before front vowels | ||
#: ''*k̟ *g̟ *g̟ʰ → *c *ɟ *ʝ / _[+front] | #: ''*k̟ *g̟ *g̟ʰ → *c *ɟ *ʝ / _[+front] | ||
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# merger of *ʝ and *ɟ | # merger of *ʝ and *ɟ | ||
#: *ɟ → *ʝ | #: *ɟ → *ʝ | ||
# lowering of *ew | # lowering of *ew, *ey in non-accented syllables | ||
#: ''*ew → *aw'' | #: ''*ew → *aw, *ey → *ay'' | ||
# rounding of front after labiovelar | # rounding of front after labiovelar | ||
#: *i → *ʉ / [+velar +labial]_ | #: *i → *ʉ / [+velar +labial]_ | ||
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#:: e.g. *nˠu → *nˠɨ | #:: e.g. *nˠu → *nˠɨ | ||
# smoothing of diphthongs | # smoothing of diphthongs | ||
#: oy → ō<sub>2</sub> | #: *oy → *ō<sub>2</sub> | ||
#: *eyː → i: | |||
# weakening of affricates, deaffrication before resonants | |||
#: ''*t͡ʃ *d͡ʒ→ *ʃ *ʒ'' / _{l r m n} | |||
# labiovelars merge with w | # labiovelars merge with w | ||
#: ''*gʷ → w / _w'' | #: ''*gʷ → w / _w'' | ||
# glottalized syllables gain the 'broken' rising-falling accentuation | |||
# an opposition between rising, rising-falling, falling, low appears as accent system reorganizes | |||
#: neutral → falling | |||
#: accented → rising | |||
#: accented + stød → rising-falling | |||
#: breathy voice → low | |||
# ō<sub>2</sub> (but not ō<sub>1</sub> )merges with long a | # ō<sub>2</sub> (but not ō<sub>1</sub> )merges with long a | ||
#: ''ō<sub>2</sub> → *a:'' | #: ''*ō<sub>2</sub> → *a:'' | ||
# accent retraction from final to mid syllables | # accent retraction from final to mid syllables | ||
# creation of new neuter class by suffixation of existing s-neuters with -mɨn. all traces of s-neuters absorbed. | # creation of new neuter class by suffixation of existing s-neuters with -mɨn. all traces of s-neuters absorbed. | ||
| Line 82: | Line 94: | ||
# aː → ai̯ / _[+palatal] | # aː → ai̯ / _[+palatal] | ||
# t͡ʃ → t͡s | # t͡ʃ → t͡s | ||
== examples == | |||
Amess. {{IPA|/ḭ᷈ːt͡sir/}} '''и̃цьр''' 'path, trail' ← *{{IPA|ḭ᷈ːt͡ʃɨr}} ← *{{IPA|ḛ᷈iːt͡ʃɨr}} ← *{{IPA|ḛ᷈i̯jt͡ʃɨr}} ← *{{IPA|éˀyt͡ʃɨr}} ← *{{IPA|Héyt͡ʃɨr}} ← *{{IPA|Héytɨr}} ← PIE. *{{IPA|h₁éy-tr̥}} 'way, road' | |||
= Morphosyntactic changes = | = Morphosyntactic changes = | ||
== Loss of nominal inflections == | == Loss of nominal inflections == | ||
== Derivational innovations == | == Derivational innovations == | ||