Terzemian: Difference between revisions

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=Introduction=
Terzemian is a PIE conlang spoken in the area immediately to the west of the Caspian Sea, that is, the Eastern foothills of the Caucasus Mountains.
Terzemian is a PIE conlang spoken in the area immediately to the west of the Caspian Sea, that is, the Eastern foothills of the Caucasus Mountains.
=History=


Proto-Terzemian shares all the features that are common between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic, though Old Terzemian is strictly neither Indo-Iranian or Balto-Slavic.
Proto-Terzemian shares all the features that are common between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic, though Old Terzemian is strictly neither Indo-Iranian or Balto-Slavic.
=Writing=


Terzemian is written in a variety of scripts.  
Terzemian is written in a variety of scripts.  


The oldest is known as Terzemian Mnemonic Signs, which is a defective syllabary that distinguishes 12 consonants and 3 vowels. Mnemonic signs use a bi-quinary numeral system, with separate digits for 0 through 4, and a "plus 5" diacritic. This method can be used to count from 0 to 99 on two hands, with the number of fingers extended being 0 to 4, and the extension of the thumb standing for the "plus 5" marker.
The oldest is known as Terzemian Mnemonic Signs, which is a defective syllabary that distinguishes 12 consonants (around half the number present in Old Terzemian), but all 4 vowels that were phonemic at the time. Mnemonic signs use a bi-quinary numeral system, with separate digits for 0 through 4, and a "plus 5" diacritic. This method can be used to count from 0 to 99 on two hands, with the number of fingers extended being 0 to 4, and the extension of the thumb standing for the "plus 5" marker.


After Mnemonic Signs, the Arabic script was adopted and adapted.
After Mnemonic Signs, the Arabic script was adopted and adapted.
Line 11: Line 17:
During the Soviet era, Cyrillic was required.
During the Soviet era, Cyrillic was required.


A Yanalif reform movement existed briefly, before the modern-day Latin alphabet was designed. For roughly 20 years starting in the late 1980s, there was also "Internet Terzemian", which is a romanization typeable on a standard US keyboard, and representable in 7-bit X3.4 1968 US-ASCII.
A Yanalif reform movement existed briefly, before the modern-day Latin alphabet was designed. For roughly 20 years starting in the late 1980s, there was also "Internet Terzemian", which is a romanization typeable on a standard US keyboard, and representable in 7-bit X3.4-1968 (aka US-ASCII or Plain ASCII).
 
==IPA==
 
===Consonants===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Labial !! Interdental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| '''Stops'''      || p b    ||            || t d      ||              || k g  || ʔ
|-
| '''Nasals'''    || m      ||            || n        ||              || ŋ    ||
|-
| '''Affricates''' ||        ||            || ts      || tʃ          ||      ||
|-
| '''Fricatives''' || f v    || θ ð        || s z      || ʃ ʒ          || x ɣ  || h
|-
| '''Liquids'''    || w      ||            || ɹ l      || j            ||      ||
|-
| '''Tap/Trill'''  ||        ||            || ɾ/r        ||              ||      ||
|}
 
===Strong Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Fr Un !! Fr Rd !! Bk Un !! J Bk Un !! Bk Rd !! J Bk Rd
|-
| '''Close'''      || i    || y    || ɯ      || ʲɯ      || u    || ʲu
|-
| '''Non-Close'''  || e    || ø    || ɑ      || ʲɑ      || ɒ    || ʲɒ
|}
 
===Weak Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Front !! Back
|-
| '''Non Nasal'''  || ə    || ɞ
|-
| '''Nasal'''      || ə̃    || ɞ̃
|}
 
==Arabic==
 
===Consonants===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Labial !! Interdental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| '''Stops'''      ||  پ ب    ||            || ت d      ||              || ک گ  || ا
|-
| '''Nasals'''    ||        ||            || ن        ||              || ڲ    ||
|-
| '''Affricates''' ||        ||            || c        || چ            ||      ||
|-
| '''Fricatives''' || ف ڢ    || ş z̧        || س z      || ش ž          || x ǧ  || ه
|-
| '''Liquids'''    || w      ||            || ř l      || j            ||      ||
|-
| '''Tap/Trill'''  ||        ||            || r        ||              ||      ||
|}
 
===Strong Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Fr Un !! Fr Rd !! Bk Un !! J Bk Un !! Bk Rd !! J Bk Rd
|-
| '''Close'''      || i    || ü    || y    || jy      || u    || ju
|-
| '''Non-Close'''  || ێ‎    || ێو    || ۆ‎    || ﯼۆو      || ﯼۆ    || یﯼۆو
|}
 
===Weak Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Front !! Back
|-
| '''Non Nasal'''  || ǐ    || ŭ
|-
| '''Nasal'''      || ę    || ą
|}
 
==Latin==
 
===Consonants===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Labial !! Interdental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| '''Stops'''      || p b    ||            || t d      ||              || k g  || q
|-
| '''Nasals'''    || m      ||            || n        ||              || ň    ||
|-
| '''Affricates''' ||        ||            || c        || č            ||      ||
|-
| '''Fricatives''' || f v    || ş z̧        || s z      || š ž          || x ǧ  || h
|-
| '''Liquids'''    || w      ||            || ř l      || j            ||      ||
|-
| '''Tap/Trill'''  ||        ||            || r        ||              ||      ||
|}
 
===Strong Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Fr Un !! Fr Rd !! Bk Un !! J Bk Un !! Bk Rd !! J Bk Rd
|-
| '''Close'''      || i    || ü    || y    || jy      || u    || ju
|-
| '''Non-Close'''  || e    || ö    || a    || ja      || о    || jo
|}
 
===Weak Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Front !! Back
|-
| '''Non Nasal'''  || ǐ    || ŭ
|-
| '''Nasal'''      || ę    || ą
|}
 
==Cyrillic==
 
===Consonants===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Labial !! Interdental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| '''Stops'''      || п б    ||            || т д      ||              || к г  || ъ
|-
| '''Nasals'''    || м      ||            || н        ||              || ң    ||
|-
| '''Affricates''' ||        ||            || ц        || ч            ||      ||
|-
| '''Fricatives''' || ф в    || ҫ ҙ        || с з      || ш ж          || х ғ  || һ
|-
| '''Liquids'''    || ў      ||            || ʀ л      || й            ||      ||
|-
| '''Tap/Trill'''  ||        ||            || р        ||              ||      ||
|}
 
===Strong Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Fr Un !! Fr Rd !! Bk Un !! J Bk Un !! Bk Rd !! J Bk Rd
|-
| '''Close'''      || и    || ү    || ы    || ӥ      || у    || ю
|-
| '''Non-Close'''  || е    || ө    || а    || я      || о    || ё
|}
 
===Weak Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Front !! Back
|-
| '''Non Nasal'''  || ь    || ә
|-
| '''Nasal'''      || ę    || ą
|}
 
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages]]

Latest revision as of 14:51, 8 February 2021

Introduction

Terzemian is a PIE conlang spoken in the area immediately to the west of the Caspian Sea, that is, the Eastern foothills of the Caucasus Mountains.

History

Proto-Terzemian shares all the features that are common between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic, though Old Terzemian is strictly neither Indo-Iranian or Balto-Slavic.

Writing

Terzemian is written in a variety of scripts.

The oldest is known as Terzemian Mnemonic Signs, which is a defective syllabary that distinguishes 12 consonants (around half the number present in Old Terzemian), but all 4 vowels that were phonemic at the time. Mnemonic signs use a bi-quinary numeral system, with separate digits for 0 through 4, and a "plus 5" diacritic. This method can be used to count from 0 to 99 on two hands, with the number of fingers extended being 0 to 4, and the extension of the thumb standing for the "plus 5" marker.

After Mnemonic Signs, the Arabic script was adopted and adapted.

During the Soviet era, Cyrillic was required.

A Yanalif reform movement existed briefly, before the modern-day Latin alphabet was designed. For roughly 20 years starting in the late 1980s, there was also "Internet Terzemian", which is a romanization typeable on a standard US keyboard, and representable in 7-bit X3.4-1968 (aka US-ASCII or Plain ASCII).

IPA

Consonants

Labial Interdental Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Stops p b t d k g ʔ
Nasals m n ŋ
Affricates ts tʃ
Fricatives f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ h
Liquids w ɹ l j
Tap/Trill ɾ/r

Strong Vowels

Fr Un Fr Rd Bk Un J Bk Un Bk Rd J Bk Rd
Close i y ɯ ʲɯ u ʲu
Non-Close e ø ɑ ʲɑ ɒ ʲɒ

Weak Vowels

Front Back
Non Nasal ə ɞ
Nasal ə̃ ɞ̃

Arabic

Consonants

Labial Interdental Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Stops پ ب ت d ک گ ا
Nasals ن ڲ
Affricates c چ
Fricatives ف ڢ ş z̧ س z ش ž x ǧ ه
Liquids w ř l j
Tap/Trill r

Strong Vowels

Fr Un Fr Rd Bk Un J Bk Un Bk Rd J Bk Rd
Close i ü y jy u ju
Non-Close ێ‎ ێو ۆ‎ ﯼۆو ﯼۆ یﯼۆو

Weak Vowels

Front Back
Non Nasal ǐ ŭ
Nasal ę ą

Latin

Consonants

Labial Interdental Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Stops p b t d k g q
Nasals m n ň
Affricates c č
Fricatives f v ş z̧ s z š ž x ǧ h
Liquids w ř l j
Tap/Trill r

Strong Vowels

Fr Un Fr Rd Bk Un J Bk Un Bk Rd J Bk Rd
Close i ü y jy u ju
Non-Close e ö a ja о jo

Weak Vowels

Front Back
Non Nasal ǐ ŭ
Nasal ę ą

Cyrillic

Consonants

Labial Interdental Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Stops п б т д к г ъ
Nasals м н ң
Affricates ц ч
Fricatives ф в ҫ ҙ с з ш ж х ғ һ
Liquids ў ʀ л й
Tap/Trill р

Strong Vowels

Fr Un Fr Rd Bk Un J Bk Un Bk Rd J Bk Rd
Close и ү ы ӥ у ю
Non-Close е ө а я о ё

Weak Vowels

Front Back
Non Nasal ь ә
Nasal ę ą
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