Terzemian: Difference between revisions

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A Yanalif reform movement existed briefly, before the modern-day Latin alphabet was designed. For roughly 20 years starting in the late 1980s, there was also "Internet Terzemian", which is a romanization typeable on a standard US keyboard, and representable in 7-bit X3.4-1968 (aka US-ASCII or Plain ASCII).
A Yanalif reform movement existed briefly, before the modern-day Latin alphabet was designed. For roughly 20 years starting in the late 1980s, there was also "Internet Terzemian", which is a romanization typeable on a standard US keyboard, and representable in 7-bit X3.4-1968 (aka US-ASCII or Plain ASCII).


==Script Tables==
==IPA==


===Latin===
===Consonants===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Labial !! Interdental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| '''Stops'''      || p b    ||            || t d      ||              || k g  || ʔ
|-
| '''Nasals'''    || m      ||            || n        ||              || ŋ    ||
|-
| '''Affricates''' ||        ||            || ts      || tʃ          ||      ||
|-
| '''Fricatives''' || f v    || θ ð        || s z      || ʃ ʒ          || x ɣ  || h
|-
| '''Liquids'''    || w      ||            || ɹ l      || j            ||      ||
|-
| '''Tap/Trill'''  ||        ||            || ɾ/r        ||              ||      ||
|}
 
===Strong Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Fr Un !! Fr Rd !! Bk Un !! J Bk Un !! Bk Rd !! J Bk Rd
|-
| '''Close'''      || i    || y    || ɯ      || ʲɯ      || u    || ʲu
|-
| '''Non-Close'''  || e    || ø    || ɑ      || ʲɑ      || ɒ    || ʲɒ
|}
 
===Weak Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Front !! Back
|-
| '''Non Nasal'''  || ə    || ɞ
|-
| '''Nasal'''      || ə̃    || ɞ̃
|}
 
==Arabic==
 
===Consonants===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Labial !! Interdental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| '''Stops'''      ||  پ ب    ||            || ت d      ||              || ک گ  || ا
|-
| '''Nasals'''    ||        ||            || ن        ||              || ڲ    ||
|-
| '''Affricates''' ||        ||            || c        || چ            ||      ||
|-
| '''Fricatives''' || ف ڢ    || ş z̧        || س z      || ش ž          || x ǧ  || ه
|-
| '''Liquids'''    || w      ||            || ř l      || j            ||      ||
|-
| '''Tap/Trill'''  ||        ||            || r        ||              ||      ||
|}
 
===Strong Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Fr Un !! Fr Rd !! Bk Un !! J Bk Un !! Bk Rd !! J Bk Rd
|-
| '''Close'''      || i    || ü    || y    || jy      || u    || ju
|-
| '''Non-Close'''  || ێ‎    || ێو    || ۆ‎    || ﯼۆو      || ﯼۆ    || یﯼۆو
|}
 
===Weak Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Front !! Back
|-
| '''Non Nasal'''  || ǐ    || ŭ
|-
| '''Nasal'''      || ę    || ą
|}
 
==Latin==
 
===Consonants===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 35: Line 121:
| '''Fricatives''' || f v    || ş z̧        || s z      || š ž          || x ǧ  || h
| '''Fricatives''' || f v    || ş z̧        || s z      || š ž          || x ǧ  || h
|-
|-
| '''Liquids'''    || w      ||            || r l      || j            ||      ||  
| '''Liquids'''    || w      ||            || ř l      || j            ||      ||  
|-
| '''Tap/Trill'''  ||        ||            || r        ||              ||      ||
|}
 
===Strong Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Fr Un !! Fr Rd !! Bk Un !! J Bk Un !! Bk Rd !! J Bk Rd
|-
| '''Close'''      || i    || ü    || y    || jy      || u    || ju
|-
| '''Non-Close'''  || e    || ö    || a    || ja      || о    || jo
|}
 
===Weak Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Front !! Back
|-
| '''Non Nasal'''  || ǐ    || ŭ
|-
|-
| '''Trill'''      ||       ||            || ř        ||              ||      ||  
| '''Nasal'''      || ę    || ą
|}
|}


===IPA===
==Cyrillic==
 
===Consonants===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 46: Line 156:
!                  !! Labial !! Interdental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Velar !! Glottal
!                  !! Labial !! Interdental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
|-
| '''Stops'''      || p b   ||            || t d     ||              || k g   || ʔ
| '''Stops'''      || п б   ||            || т д     ||              || к г   || ъ
|-
| '''Nasals'''    || м      ||            || н        ||              || ң    ||
|-
| '''Affricates''' ||        ||            || ц        || ч            ||      ||
|-
| '''Fricatives''' || ф в    || ҫ ҙ        || с з      || ш ж          || х ғ  || һ
|-
| '''Liquids'''    || ў      ||            || ʀ л      || й            ||      ||
|-
| '''Tap/Trill'''  ||        ||            || р        ||              ||      ||
|}
 
===Strong Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!                  !! Fr Un !! Fr Rd !! Bk Un !! J Bk Un !! Bk Rd !! J Bk Rd
|-
|-
| '''Nasals'''     || m      ||             || n        ||             || ŋ     ||  
| '''Close'''     || и    || ү    || ы    || ӥ      || у     || ю
|-
|-
| '''Affricates''' ||       ||             || ts       || tʃ          ||       ||  
| '''Non-Close''' || е    || ө    || а    || я       || о    || ё
|}
 
===Weak Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| '''Fricatives''' || f v    || θ ð        || s z      || ʃ ʒ          || x ɣ  || h
!                  !! Front !! Back
|-
|-
| '''Liquids'''   || w      ||            || ɹ l      || j            ||      ||  
| '''Non Nasal''' || ь    || ә
|-
|-
| '''Trill'''      ||       ||            || r        ||              ||      ||  
| '''Nasal'''      || ę    || ą
|}
|}


ɑ ɑ̃ e ẽ i əʲ ɒ ø t u y əʷ ɯ
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages]]

Latest revision as of 14:51, 8 February 2021

Introduction

Terzemian is a PIE conlang spoken in the area immediately to the west of the Caspian Sea, that is, the Eastern foothills of the Caucasus Mountains.

History

Proto-Terzemian shares all the features that are common between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic, though Old Terzemian is strictly neither Indo-Iranian or Balto-Slavic.

Writing

Terzemian is written in a variety of scripts.

The oldest is known as Terzemian Mnemonic Signs, which is a defective syllabary that distinguishes 12 consonants (around half the number present in Old Terzemian), but all 4 vowels that were phonemic at the time. Mnemonic signs use a bi-quinary numeral system, with separate digits for 0 through 4, and a "plus 5" diacritic. This method can be used to count from 0 to 99 on two hands, with the number of fingers extended being 0 to 4, and the extension of the thumb standing for the "plus 5" marker.

After Mnemonic Signs, the Arabic script was adopted and adapted.

During the Soviet era, Cyrillic was required.

A Yanalif reform movement existed briefly, before the modern-day Latin alphabet was designed. For roughly 20 years starting in the late 1980s, there was also "Internet Terzemian", which is a romanization typeable on a standard US keyboard, and representable in 7-bit X3.4-1968 (aka US-ASCII or Plain ASCII).

IPA

Consonants

Labial Interdental Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Stops p b t d k g ʔ
Nasals m n ŋ
Affricates ts tʃ
Fricatives f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ h
Liquids w ɹ l j
Tap/Trill ɾ/r

Strong Vowels

Fr Un Fr Rd Bk Un J Bk Un Bk Rd J Bk Rd
Close i y ɯ ʲɯ u ʲu
Non-Close e ø ɑ ʲɑ ɒ ʲɒ

Weak Vowels

Front Back
Non Nasal ə ɞ
Nasal ə̃ ɞ̃

Arabic

Consonants

Labial Interdental Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Stops پ ب ت d ک گ ا
Nasals ن ڲ
Affricates c چ
Fricatives ف ڢ ş z̧ س z ش ž x ǧ ه
Liquids w ř l j
Tap/Trill r

Strong Vowels

Fr Un Fr Rd Bk Un J Bk Un Bk Rd J Bk Rd
Close i ü y jy u ju
Non-Close ێ‎ ێو ۆ‎ ﯼۆو ﯼۆ یﯼۆو

Weak Vowels

Front Back
Non Nasal ǐ ŭ
Nasal ę ą

Latin

Consonants

Labial Interdental Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Stops p b t d k g q
Nasals m n ň
Affricates c č
Fricatives f v ş z̧ s z š ž x ǧ h
Liquids w ř l j
Tap/Trill r

Strong Vowels

Fr Un Fr Rd Bk Un J Bk Un Bk Rd J Bk Rd
Close i ü y jy u ju
Non-Close e ö a ja о jo

Weak Vowels

Front Back
Non Nasal ǐ ŭ
Nasal ę ą

Cyrillic

Consonants

Labial Interdental Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Stops п б т д к г ъ
Nasals м н ң
Affricates ц ч
Fricatives ф в ҫ ҙ с з ш ж х ғ һ
Liquids ў ʀ л й
Tap/Trill р

Strong Vowels

Fr Un Fr Rd Bk Un J Bk Un Bk Rd J Bk Rd
Close и ү ы ӥ у ю
Non-Close е ө а я о ё

Weak Vowels

Front Back
Non Nasal ь ә
Nasal ę ą
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