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Leipzig–Jakarta list: Difference between revisions

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The items ''house, name, rope'' and ''to tie'' are products of human culture, but are probably found in all present-day human societies. Haspelmath and Tadmor drew the conclusion that "rope is the most basic of human tools and tying is the most basic technology".
The items ''house, name, rope'' and ''to tie'' are products of human culture, but are probably found in all present-day human societies. Haspelmath and Tadmor drew the conclusion that "rope is the most basic of human tools and tying is the most basic technology".
== Leipzig–Jakarta 100 list ==
Lexical items in the Leipzig–Jakarta list are ranked by semantic stability, i.e. words least likely to be replaced by other words as a language evolves. The right two columns indicate inclusion on the 100-word and 207-word Swadesh lists.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Rank
!Word meaning
!100-word Swadesh list
!207-word Swadesh list
|-
|1
|fire
|✔
|✔
|-
|2
|nose
|✔
|✔
|-
|3
|to go
|
|
|-
|4
|water
|✔
|✔
|-
|5
|mouth
|✔
|✔
|-
|6
|tongue
|✔
|✔
|-
|7
|blood
|✔
|✔
|-
|7
|bone
|✔
|✔
|-
|9
|2nd-person singular pronoun (you)
|✔
|✔
|-
|9
|root
|✔
|✔
|-
|11
|to come
|✔
|✔
|-
|12
|breast
|✔
|✔
|-
|13
|rain
|✔
|✔
|-
|14
|1st-person singular pronoun (I/me)
|✔
|✔
|-
|15
|name
|✔
|✔
|-
|15
|louse
|✔
|✔
|-
|17
|wing
|
|✔
|-
|18
|flesh/meat
|✔
|✔
|-
|19
|arm/hand
|✔
|✔
|-
|20
|fly
|
|✔
|-
|20
|night
|✔
|✔
|-
|22
|ear
|✔
|✔
|-
|23
|neck
|✔
|✔
|-
|23
|far
|
|✔
|-
|25
|to do/make
|
|
|-
|26
|house
|
|
|-
|27
|stone/rock
|✔
|✔
|-
|28
|bitter
|
|
|-
|28
|to say
|✔
|✔
|-
|28
|tooth
|✔
|✔
|-
|31
|hair
|✔
|✔
|-
|32
|big
|✔
|✔
|-
|32
|one
|✔
|✔
|-
|34
|who?
|✔
|✔
|-
|34
|3rd-person singular pronoun (he/she/it/him/her)
|
|
|-
|36
|to hit/beat
|
|✔
|-
|37
|leg/foot
|✔
|✔
|-
|38
|horn
|✔
|✔
|-
|38
|this
|✔
|✔
|-
|38
|fish
|✔
|✔
|-
|41
|yesterday
|
|
|-
|42
|to drink
|✔
|✔
|-
|42
|black
|✔
|✔
|-
|42
|navel
|
|
|-
|45
|to stand
|✔
|✔
|-
|46
|to bite
|✔
|✔
|-
|46
|back
|
|✔
|-
|48
|wind
|
|✔
|-
|49
|smoke
|✔
|✔
|-
|50
|what?
|✔
|✔
|-
|51
|child (kin term)
|
|✔
|-
|52
|egg
|✔
|✔
|-
|53
|to give
|✔
|✔
|-
|53
|new
|✔
|✔
|-
|53
|to burn ([[Intransitive verb|intr.]])
|✔
|✔
|-
|56
|not
|✔
|✔
|-
|56
|good
|✔
|✔
|-
|58
|to know
|✔
|✔
|-
|59
|knee
|✔
|✔
|-
|59
|sand
|✔
|✔
|-
|61
|to laugh
|
|✔
|-
|61
|to hear
|✔
|✔
|-
|63
|soil
|✔
|✔
|-
|64
|leaf
|✔
|✔
|-
|64
|red
|✔
|✔
|-
|66
|liver
|✔
|✔
|-
|67
|to hide
|
|
|-
|67
|skin/hide
|✔
|✔
|-
|67
|to suck
|
|✔
|-
|70
|to carry
|
|
|-
|71
|ant
|
|
|-
|71
|heavy
|
|✔
|-
|71
|to take
|
|
|-
|74
|old
|
|✔
|-
|75
|to eat
|✔
|✔
|-
|76
|thigh
|
|
|-
|76
|thick
|
|✔
|-
|78
|long
|✔
|✔
|-
|79
|to blow
|
|✔
|-
|80
|wood
|
|
|-
|81
|to run
|
|
|-
|81
|to fall
|
|✔
|-
|83
|eye
|✔
|✔
|-
|84
|ash
|✔
|✔
|-
|84
|tail
|✔
|✔
|-
|84
|dog
|✔
|✔
|-
|87
|to cry/weep
|
|
|-
|88
|to tie
|
|✔
|-
|89
|to see
|✔
|✔
|-
|89
|sweet
|
|
|-
|91
|rope
|
|✔
|-
|91
|shade/shadow
|
|
|-
|91
|bird
|✔
|✔
|-
|91
|salt
|
|✔
|-
|91
|small
|✔
|✔
|-
|96
|wide
|
|✔
|-
|97
|star
|✔
|✔
|-
|97
|in
|
|✔
|-
|99
|hard
|
|
|-
|100
|to crush/grind
|
|
|}
==Differences with Swadesh list==
Items on the 100-word [[Swadesh list]] but not on the Leipzig-Jakarta list:
{{div col|colwidth=12em}}
*all
*bark
*belly
*cloud
*cold
*die
*dry
*feather
*fingernail
*fly (verb)
*full
*grease
*green
*head
*heart
*hot
*kill
*lie
*man
*many
*moon
*mountain
*path
*person
*round
*seed
*sit
*sleep
*sun
*swim
*that
*tree
*two
*walk
*we
*white
*woman
*yellow
{{div col end}}
==See also==
* [[Swadesh list]]
* [[Dolgopolsky list]]


[[Category:Conlangery]]
[[Category:Conlangery]]
[[Category:Word lists]]
[[Category:Word lists]]
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Leipzig–Jakarta_list"