Kyrdan Swadesh list: Difference between revisions
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This is a [[w:Swadesh list|Swadesh list]] of words in Proto-Kyrdan and its main descendants. This particular list is based on a 207 word list, although not all original words are present, because Kyrdan speakers were not familiar with some of these terms or concepts and thus their languages lack words for them. Some words were replaced with terminology, familiar to Kyrdan speakers (for example: '''56''' “leaf” or '''57''' “root” were replaced with “microbial mat” and “origin”), while other words were simply left out. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!i=No| No. | !i=No| No. | ||
Line 1,325: | Line 1,326: | ||
|i=No| 203 | |i=No| 203 | ||
|c=en| with | |c=en| with | ||
|c=01| | |c=01| *-da<sup>?</sup> | ||
|c=02| | |c=02| -ta | ||
|c=03| | |c=03| | ||
|c=04| | |c=04| | ||
Line 1,332: | Line 1,333: | ||
|i=No| 204 | |i=No| 204 | ||
|c=en| and | |c=en| and | ||
|c=01| | |c=01| – | ||
|c=02| | |c=02| ō | ||
|c=03| | |c=03| kwa | ||
|c=04| | |c=04| ŋa | ||
|- | |- | ||
|i=No| 205 | |i=No| 205 | ||
Line 1,346: | Line 1,347: | ||
|i=No| 206 | |i=No| 206 | ||
|c=en| because | |c=en| because | ||
|c=01| | |c=01| *mu | ||
|c=02| mu | |c=02| mu- | ||
|c=03| | |c=03| mu | ||
|c=04| | |c=04| mu- | ||
|- | |- | ||
|i=No| 207 | |i=No| 207 | ||
|c=en| name | |c=en| name | ||
|c=01| | |c=01| *ķal | ||
|c=02| | |c=02| kal | ||
|c=03| | |c=03| kal | ||
|c=04| | |c=04| cal | ||
|}<noinclude></noinclude> | |}<noinclude></noinclude> | ||
Revision as of 19:03, 22 May 2021
This is a Swadesh list of words in Proto-Kyrdan and its main descendants. This particular list is based on a 207 word list, although not all original words are present, because Kyrdan speakers were not familiar with some of these terms or concepts and thus their languages lack words for them. Some words were replaced with terminology, familiar to Kyrdan speakers (for example: 56 “leaf” or 57 “root” were replaced with “microbial mat” and “origin”), while other words were simply left out.
No. | English | Proto-Kyrdan | Kirtumur | Kērsalur | Cirdamur |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | I | *qa- | ha- | ha- | a- |
2 | you (singular) | *ā- | ō- | ā- | ā- |
3 | he | – | i- | yi-/ye- | xi- |
7 | this | – | yi- | yu- | i- |
8 | that | *da | ta | ta | da |
9 | here | – | niyum | yaim | xei |
10 | there | *da-im? | tam | taim | dei |
11 | who | *gʷar~kʷar | khar | khwar | gar |
12 | what | *war | war | war | yar |
13 | where | – | kei | war neamasa | yarcēm |
14 | when | *kʷim~kʷiŋ | khim | kwhim | giŋ |
15 | how | *kōn | khōn | khōn | kōn |
16 | not | *ma~mi | ma~mi | mi | ma |
17 | all | *andu | antu | antu | andu |
18 | many | *eřku | erku | išku | |
19 | some | ||||
20 | few | ||||
21 | other | ||||
22 | one | ||||
23 | two | ||||
24 | three | ||||
25 | four | ||||
26 | five | ||||
27 | big | ||||
28 | long | ||||
29 | wide | ||||
30 | thick | ||||
31 | heavy | ||||
32 | small | ||||
33 | short | ||||
34 | narrow | ||||
35 | thin | ||||
36 | woman | ||||
37 | man (adult male) | ||||
38 | man (human being) | ||||
39 | child | ||||
40 | wife | ||||
41 | husband | ||||
42 | mother | ||||
43 | father | ||||
44 | living creature |
||||
53 | pipe | ||||
55 | seed capsule |
||||
56 | archaea | ||||
57 | origin | ||||
58 | membrane | ||||
60 | microbial mat |
||||
61 | rope | ||||
62 | skin | ||||
63 | flesh | ||||
64 | blood | ||||
65 | bone | ||||
66 | body | ||||
67 | egg, cyst | ||||
69 | end | ||||
70 | cover | cap | capham | ŋic | |
71 | hair | ||||
72 | head | ||||
73 | ear | ||||
74 | eye | ||||
75 | nose | ||||
76 | mouth | ||||
77 | tooth | ||||
78 | tongue (organ) | ||||
79 | fingernail | ||||
80 | foot | ||||
81 | leg | ||||
82 | knee | ||||
83 | hand | ||||
84 | corner | ||||
85 | belly | ||||
86 | guts | ||||
87 | neck | ||||
88 | back | ||||
89 | breast | ||||
90 | heart | ||||
91 | liver | – | mupilnu item | mupilnu etem | sipildamnu idem |
92 | to drink | ||||
93 | to eat | ||||
94 | to bite | ||||
95 | to suck inhale |
||||
96 | to spit exhale |
||||
97 | to vomit | – | utitem aneca | ||
98 | to blow | intu ceiya | |||
99 | to breathe | ceiya | |||
100 | to laugh | ||||
101 | to see | ||||
102 | to hear | ||||
103 | to know | ||||
104 | to think | ||||
105 | to smell | ||||
106 | to fear | ||||
107 | to sleep | ||||
108 | to live | ||||
109 | to die | kala | |||
110 | to kill | tō kala | |||
111 | to fight | ||||
112 | to chase | ||||
113 | to hit | ||||
114 | to cut | ||||
115 | to split | ||||
116 | to stab | ||||
117 | to scratch | ||||
118 | to dig | ||||
119 | to swim | ||||
120 | to fly | ||||
121 | to walk | ||||
122 | to come | ||||
123 | to lie (as in a bed) | ||||
124 | to sit | ||||
125 | to stand | ||||
126 | to turn (intransitive) | ||||
127 | to fall | ||||
128 | to give | ||||
129 | to hold | ||||
130 | to squeeze | ||||
131 | to rub | ||||
132 | to wash | ||||
133 | to wipe | ||||
134 | to pull | ||||
135 | to push | ||||
136 | to throw | ||||
137 | to tie | ||||
138 | to sew | ||||
139 | to count | ||||
140 | to say | ||||
141 | to sing | ||||
142 | to play | ||||
143 | to float | ||||
144 | to flow | ||||
145 | to freeze | ||||
146 | to swell | ||||
147 | sun | ||||
148 | moon | ||||
149 | star | ||||
150 | water | *wa | wa | wa | ya |
151 | rain | ||||
152 | river | ||||
153 | lake | ||||
154 | sea | ||||
155 | salt | ||||
156 | stone | ||||
157 | sand | ||||
158 | dust | ||||
159 | earth | ||||
160 | cloud | ||||
161 | fog | ||||
162 | sky | ||||
163 | wind | ||||
164 | snow | ||||
165 | ice | ||||
166 | smoke | ||||
167 | fire | ||||
168 | ash | ||||
169 | to burn | ||||
170 | road | ||||
171 | mountain | ||||
172 | red | ||||
173 | green | ||||
174 | yellow | ||||
175 | white | ē | |||
176 | black | ||||
177 | night | ||||
178 | day | ||||
179 | year | ||||
180 | warm | ||||
181 | cold | ||||
182 | full | ||||
183 | new | ||||
184 | old | ||||
185 | good | ||||
186 | bad | ||||
187 | rotten | ||||
188 | dirty | ||||
189 | straight | ||||
190 | round | ||||
191 | sharp (as a knife) | ||||
192 | dull (as a knife) | ||||
193 | smooth | ||||
194 | wet | ||||
195 | dry | ||||
196 | correct | ||||
197 | near | ||||
198 | far | ||||
199 | right | ||||
200 | left | ||||
201 | at | ||||
202 | in | ni- | ni- | ||
203 | with | *-da? | -ta | ||
204 | and | – | ō | kwa | ŋa |
205 | if | lē- | |||
206 | because | *mu | mu- | mu | mu- |
207 | name | *ķal | kal | kal | cal |