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| ==Lingua francas of Tumhan== | | *''ħōm'' = good |
| | | *''us'' = bunch, cluster (φussos) |
| something Baltic (northern Europe), a Judeo-Mon-Khmer language (elsewhere), [[Judeo-Chinese]]
| | *''nërsh'' = fire |
| | | *''qësan'' = tree (lessanos) |
| ==Nahuatl gibby IE==
| | *''dashen nê'' = play with |
| | | *''nō'' /nɔ/ = I (nā) |
| ==Tonal Hellenic==
| | *''wer'' /weɾ/ = you (sg) (veir) |
| | | *''tëzh'' /təʒ/ = child (tectas) |
| =="Irishy" Hellenic==
| | *''kavër'' /kavəɾ/ = woman (cabnants) |
| aesthetic: informed by icelandic, old english, khmer, tíogall
| | *''rronn'' /ron/ = man (rondom) |
| | | *''yënal'' /jənaʟ/ = water (jenā, jena3-) |
| def. article: sg. an, pl. pan
| | *''wëkj'' /wəc/ = name (velis) |
| | | *''që'' /qə/ = in front of |
| tav = θ, dalet = t, tet = tʰ (spirantizing to ð, d and dʰ respectively)
| | *''bas'' /bas/ = head (bastom) |
| | | *''xer'' /dzeɾ/ = bird (δoirom) |
| σ ζ > š s (trans. ''s ß'')
| | *''wōr'' /wɔɾ/ = king (vērom) |
| | | *''ōrr'' /ɔr/ = big |
| ''φ θ χ'' > ''v ð ȝ'' | | *''gaus'' /gəus/ = long |
| | | *''qau'' /qəu/ = peace |
| oi > oa /u:/
| | *''qe!'' = hello! / be quiet! (doublet of ''qau'') |
| | | *''breħ'' /breχ/ = clam |
| final vowels: -a, -e, -i, -u, -íe, -úa
| | *''Qazhrem'', ''kje Lazhrem'' /qaʒɾəm/ = Qazhra |
| | | *''Tensarem'', ''kje Densarem'' /tensaɾem/ = [[Thensarian]] |
| short V > 0, -ô/-ā > -a, -ia/-ē > -e, oia/eia > -i, -VkhV (also perfect -ka, -izein) > -íe
| | *''bintëlisral'' /bintəʟisɾaʟ/ = republic |
| | | *''hou'' /hu/ = to, for |
| ==Qanngurtatunnguaq==
| | *''cōgan'' /tsɔgan/ = to stand |
| Indo-European Inuit gib with a Finnish touch
| | *''eg'' /eg/ = south (oec-, oecc-) |
| | | *''hemm'' /hem/ = north (simm-) |
| TODO Schleicher's fable
| | *''rroc'hër'' /roxəɾ/ = east (roscer-) |
| | | *''gōs'' /gɔs/ = west (gāss-) |
| 1: ainaq (m.)/ainaa (f.)/ainun (n.)
| | *''qawōr'' /qawɔɾ/ = so, then (ȝavēre) |
| 2: tuvaa
| | *''garv'' /gaɾv/ = heavy |
| 3: tiqariq
| | *''xrōman'' = lazy |
| 4: kituariq
| | *''nous'' = fox |
| 5. pinngi
| | *''sauv'' = dog |
| 6: quiq
| | *''mrēsh'' = brown |
| 7: qiptun
| | *''aqet'' = jump |
| 8: atsaa
| | *''krok'' = over |
| 9: nivun
| | *''stiëv'' = idea |
| 10: tisun
| | *''kadër'' = flower |
| 100: sunnun
| | *''kjin? kjoun?'' = blue (*φesnum) |
| | | *''qel'' = fast, quick (from *leq 'flow'; ~ leānos 'river' from *leqnos) |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
| | *''gjōn'' 'river' (< leānos) |
| |+ ''alkaq'' 'wolf' (< {{recon|wĺ̥kʷos}})
| | *''rraigh'' = to turn |
| |-
| | *''bëroug'' = lip |
| !| !! Singular !! Plural
| | *''kōm'' = 1 |
| |-
| | *''tic'' = 2 |
| !|Nominative
| | *''nērk'' = 3 |
| |''alkaq''||''alkaaq''
| | *''xauv'' = 4 |
| |-
| | *''solec'' = 5 |
| !|Genitive
| | *''sōm'' = 6 |
| |''alkaa''||''alkuun''
| | *''rōzh'' = 7 |
| |-
| | *''qozh'' = 8 |
| !|Dative
| | *''bērk'' = 9 |
| |''alkai''||''alkamaq''
| | *''ħer'' = 10 |
| |-
| | *''yōg'' = 11 |
| !|Accusative
| | *''nai'' = 12 |
| |''alkun'' ||''alkuuq''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|Ablative
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| |''alkiat'' ||''alkamaq''
| |
| |-
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| !|Locative
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| |''alkiat'' ||''alkami''
| |
| |-
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| !|Vocative
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| |''alki!'' ||''alkaaq!''
| |
| |}
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| | |
| | |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ ''vukaa'' 'city' (< {{recon|bʰugéh₂}})
| |
| |-
| |
| !| !! Singular !! Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| !|Nominative
| |
| |''vukaa''||''vukaaq''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|Genitive
| |
| |''vukaaq''||''vukuun''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|Dative | |
| |''vukaai''||''vukaamaq''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|Accusative
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| |''vukaan'' ||''vukaaq''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|Ablative
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| |''vukaat'' ||''vukaamaq''
| |
| |-
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| !|Locative
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| |''vukaat'' ||''vukaami''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|Vocative
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| |''vukaa!'' ||''vukaaq!''
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| | |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ ''-tuq'' '(action noun suffix)' (< {{recon|-tus}})*
| |
| |-
| |
| !| !! Singular !! Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| !|Nominative
| |
| |''-tuq''||''-tiiq''
| |
| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''-tiuq''||''-tuun''
| |
| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''-tii''||''-tumaq''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|Accusative
| |
| |''-tun'' ||''-tuuq''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|Ablative
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| |''-tut'' ||''-tumaq''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|Locative
| |
| |''-tut'' ||''-tumi''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|Vocative
| |
| |''-tu!'' ||''-tiiq!''
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| *sóh₂wl̥ > qaulluq
| |
| ===Verbs===
| |
| *Sometimes reflected as ''-nuq'' or ''-Cuq''. | |
| | |
| An athematic verb:
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ ''vir-'' 'carry', pres. ind.
| |
| |-
| |
| !| !! Singular !! Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| !|1
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| |''virun''||''viramaq''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|2
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| |''viriq''||''viriti''
| |
| |-
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| !|3
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| |''virit''||''viraat''
| |
| |}
| |
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| | |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ ''vir-'' 'carry', pres. subj.
| |
| |-
| |
| !| !! Singular !! Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| !|1
| |
| |''viraa''||''viraamaq''
| |
| |-
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| !|2
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| |''viriiq''||''viriiti''
| |
| |-
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| !|3
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| |''viriit''||''viraat''
| |
| |}
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| | |
| ==əgʕš==
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| Salishized English
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| | |
| *1-10: ''wud, tiw, łx̌i, xʷuwə, xʷayxʷ, səks, səgʷəd, əyt, dayd, təd'' /wud, tiw, ɬχi, xʷuwə, xʷajxʷ, səks, səgʷəd, əjt, dajd, təd/ | |
| *11-19: = ''ləxʷəd, txʷəʕxʷ, łəʈid, xʷuʈid, xʷixʷʈid, səkʂʈid, səxʷʈid, əyʈid, dayʈid'' | |
| *20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 = ''txʷədi, łəɖi, xʷuɖi, xʷidi, səksti, səgʷədi, əydi, daydi'' | |
| *100 = ''hudx̌t'' | |
| *1000 = ''ławzəd'' | |
| *cat = ''xʷilid'' | |
| | |
| "form":
| |
| *present: əbxʷubd, yəxʷubd, həsxʷubd, šəsxʷubd, cxʷubd, uxʷubd, tixʷubd
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| *imperfect: əwsxʷubd, yuxʷubd, husxʷubd, šusxʷubd, tusxʷubd, wixʷubd, tiwxʷubd
| |
| *future: əʕbxʷubd, yəʕbxʷubd, hiʕbxʷubd, šiʕbxʷubd, iʕbxʷubd, uʕbxʷubd, tiʕbxʷubd
| |
| *perfect: ədxʷubd, yədxʷubd, hədxʷubd, šədxʷubd, cədxʷubd, udxʷubd, tidxʷubd
| |
| *imperative: xʷub
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| | |
| ==Nuro-Celtic==
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| Other languages:
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| *Nurian gib in Celtic (not in Lõis)
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| **ū > ȳ
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| **ou > ū
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| **au > eu > iū? or just ō or au
| |
| **ei / oi, ai > 'ai, ai
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| **or u > y, o > u
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| **Numbers: ainuh, bau, tīh, fettareh, finfe, ses, setthan, utthȳ, navan, dekan, 100: kantun, 1000: mille
| |
| **wlatis > vlatis > viatis > viatih "law"
| |
| *Present ind. act.: berumi, beresi, bereti, berumyn, berete, berunti
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| *Past imperfect ind. act.: berennen, berītȳ, beretu, beremmes, beretes, berentes
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| *Preterite ind. act: bettiuh tāmi, bettiuh tāsi, ...
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| *Present subj. act.: berāmi, berāsi, berāti, berāmyn, berāte, berānti
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| *Past imperfect ind. act.: berannen, berātȳ, berātu, berammes, berātes, berāntes
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| *Present. ind. pass.: berȳ, bereta, beretu, berummu, berebe, beruntu
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| *Past ind. pass.: beruntannen, beruntātȳ, beruntātu, beruntammes, beruntātes, beruntantes
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| *Preterite imperfect ind. act.: bituh tāmi, bituh tāsi, ...
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| *Preterite ind. act: bettiuh tāmi, bettiuh tāsi, ...
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| *Present. subj. pass.: berā, berāta, berātu, berammu, berābe, berantu
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| *Past subj. pass.: beruntunnen, beruntutȳ, beruntutu, beruntummes, beruntutes, beruntuntes
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| *Present active part: beruns
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| *Present passive part.: berunnuh
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| *Past passive part.: bituh
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| [[Category:Conworlds]]
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