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|name = Czecklish | |name = Czecklish | ||
|nativename = Czěcklíš | |nativename = Czěcklíš | ||
|pronunciation = | |pronunciation = ʈʂeːˈkɫiːɕ | ||
|creator = | |creator = User:Mcmisher | ||
|setting = Parallel Earth | |setting = Parallel Earth, Czeckland, Sudenland | ||
|speakers = 52,724 | |speakers = 52,724 | ||
|date = 2019 census | |date = 2019 census | ||
| | |familycolor = Isolate | ||
|states = Saxony | |states = Saxony | ||
|fam1 = Czecklish Language Family | |fam1 = Czecklish Language Family | ||
|nations = Germany, Czechia | |nations = Germany, Czechia | ||
|agency = Czecklish Revitalization Project | |agency = Czecklish Revitalization Project | ||
| | |script1 = Latn | ||
}} | }} | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
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{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;" | ||
! style="width: 90px; "| | ! style="width: 90px; "| | ||
! style="width: 90px; " |i̯- | ! style="width: 90px; " | i̯- | ||
! style="width: 90px; " |u̯- | ! style="width: 90px; " | u̯- | ||
! style="width: 90px; " |-i̯ | ! style="width: 90px; " | -i̯ | ||
! style="width: 90px; " | -u̯ | ! style="width: 90px; " | -u̯ | ||
|- | |- | ||
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====Features==== | ====Features==== | ||
All vowels are either front or back in regards to the [±back] vowel feature. There are two sets of vocal harmony systems: a simple one and a complex one. The simple one is concerned with only the [±front] feature, allowing all front vowels in a word, regardless of rounding. The complex one is concerned with both [±front] and [±rounded] features, allowing only vowels that are front or back; additionally, all front or back vowels must be either rounded or unrounded. In a complex vowel system, both rounded and unrounded vowels cannot appear in a word. | All vowels are either front or back in regards to the [±back] vowel feature. There are two sets of vocal harmony systems: a simple one and a complex one. The simple one is concerned with only the [±front] feature, allowing all front vowels in a word, regardless of rounding. The complex one is concerned with both [±front] and [±rounded] features, allowing only vowels that are front or back; additionally, all front or back vowels must be either rounded or unrounded. In a complex vowel system, both rounded and unrounded vowels cannot appear in a word. | ||
<br> | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;" | |||
! colspan="4" style="width: 68px; " | '''Unrounded''' | |||
! colspan="4" style="width: 68px; " | '''Rounded''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | '''Front''' | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | '''Back''' | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | '''Front''' | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | '''Back''' | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 68px; " | '''Long''' | |||
! style="width: 68px; " | '''Short''' | |||
! '''Long''' | |||
! '''Short''' | |||
! style="width: 68px; " | '''Long''' | |||
! style="width: 68px; " | '''Short''' | |||
! '''Long''' | |||
! '''Short''' | |||
|- | |||
| style="width: 68px; " | iː | |||
| style="width: 68px; " | ɪ | |||
| ɯː | |||
| ɯ | |||
| style="width: 68px; " | yː | |||
| style="width: 68px; " | ʏ | |||
| uː | |||
| ʊ | |||
|- | |||
| eː | |||
| ɛ | |||
| ɤː | |||
| ʌ | |||
| øː | |||
| œ | |||
| oː | |||
| ɔ | |||
|- | |||
| æː | |||
| ɛ | |||
| ɑː | |||
| ɐ | |||
| øː | |||
| œ | |||
| ɒː | |||
| ɑː | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
====Nasal Vowels==== | ====Nasal Vowels==== | ||
Nasal Vowels adhere only to the simple vowel harmony system, with only the [±front] feature being considered, regardless of rounding. Nasal Vowels may accompany Oral Vowels in vowel harmony. | Nasal Vowels adhere only to the simple vowel harmony system, with only the [±front] feature being considered, regardless of rounding. Nasal Vowels may accompany Oral Vowels in vowel harmony. | ||
<br> | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;" | |||
! colspan="4" style="width: 68px; " | '''Unrounded''' | |||
! colspan="4" style="width: 68px; " | '''Rounded''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | '''Front''' | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | '''Back''' | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | '''Front''' | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | '''Back''' | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | ĩː | |||
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | ɯː / uː | |||
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | iː / yː | |||
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | ũː | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | ẽː | |||
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | ɤː / oː | |||
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | eː / øː | |||
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | õː | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | | |||
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | | |||
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | eː / øː | |||
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | ɑ̃ː | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
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====Allophones==== | ====Allophones==== | ||
'''Archiphonemes'''<br> | |||
* /J/ is a variable underlying palatal phoneme [j], with various realizations in certain syllabic environments. | |||
** When [C-] or [Cj(C)], then /J/ is realized as [j] | |||
** When [-C-], then /J/ is realized as [x] | |||
** When [CV], where [V] is /i e æ/, then /J/ is realized as [ɟ] | |||
* /H/ is a variable underlying palatal phoneme [h], with various realizations in certain syllabic environments. | |||
** When [C-], then /H/ is realized as [h] | |||
** When [-C-], then /H/ is realized as [x] | |||
** When [CV], where [V] is /i e æ/, then /H/ is realized as [ç] | |||
* /X/ is a variable underlying palatal phoneme [x], with various realizations in certain syllabic environments. | |||
** When [C-], then /X/ is realized as [x] | |||
** When [-C-], then /X/ is realized as [h] | |||
** When [CV], where [V] is /i e æ/, then /X/ is realized as [ç] | |||
<br> | |||
'''Velar Allophones'''<br> | |||
* /K/ is a variable underlying velar phoneme [k], with various realizations in certain syllabic environments. | |||
* When [C(C)-], then /K/ is realized as [k] | |||
** /kː/ is often realized as [q] | |||
* When [-kC], where [C] is a sonorant or /v/, then [kˠ]~[q] | |||
* When [CV], where [V] is /i e æ/, then /K/ is realized as [ɕː] | |||
* /G/ is a variable underlying velar phoneme [g], with various realizations in certain syllablic environments. | |||
* When [-C-], then /G/ is elided | |||
* When [CU/O/A], then /G/ is realized as [w] or [g] | |||
* Word-initial [ɣ-] | |||
* When [CI], then /G/ is realized as [j] or [ɟ] | |||
* Word-initial [ʑ-] | |||
'''/J/ vs /I/'''<br> | |||
/j/ and /i/ form minimal pairs in diphthongs. e.g. /ai̯/ vs. /aj/, or /jo/ vs. /i̯o/. Additionally, /j/ can function by itself as a syllable in place of /i/. | |||
<br> | |||
'''Labial Allophones'''<br> | |||
* When [CC-], /ɸ/ and /β/ are realized as [f] and [v] | |||
* When [Cv], where [C] is a non-labial voiceless obstruent, then [v] is realized as [f] | |||
* When [Cʰv], /v/ is realized as [f] | |||
* When /hv/, /h/ assimilates to /v/ and the impossible consonant cluster is reduced to a more manageable [ɸ] or [β] | |||
<br> | |||
'''[ʍ] Allophones'''<br> | |||
[ʍ] is a very unstable consonant, and tends to morph into a labial fricative. | |||
* when [#ʍ-], /ʍ/ > [ʍ] | |||
* when [ʍI], then /ʍ/ > /ɸ/ or /β/, depending on the voicing of the obstruent | |||
<br> | |||
'''Voiceless Sonorants'''<br> | |||
* Voiced Sonorants become devoiced before voiceless aspirate obstruents. | |||
** e.g. khraz /kʰrɑ/ is realized phonemically as [kʰər̥ɑ] or [kr̥ɑ] | |||
<br> | |||
====Assimilation==== | ====Assimilation==== | ||
'''Sonorant Assimilation'''<br> | |||
Sonorants assimilate to the place of articulation of the following consonant. | |||
* [r l m] before labial obstruents | |||
* [r l n] before dental, alveolar and postalveolar obstruents | |||
* [ɽ ɭ ɳ] before retroflex obstruents | |||
* [r̝ ʎ ɲ] before palatal obstruents | |||
* [r l ŋ] before velar obstruents | |||
<br> | |||
'''Retroflex Assimilation'''<br> | |||
Assimilation of Retroflex Obstruents occurs when in [C₁C₂] clusters; where [C₁] is a non-retroflex coronal obstruent and [C₂] is a retroflex consonant. | |||
* If [C₁C₂], then a Geminate Retroflex is formed from left-to-right assimilation. | |||
** [C₁] assimilates to [C₂]'s place of articulation. | |||
** If /t d/ and /ʈ ɖ/, then /tʈ dɖ/ becomes /ʈː ɖː/ | |||
* If [C₂C₁], then a Geminate Retroflex is formed from right-to-left assimilation. | |||
** [C₂] assimilates to [C₁]'s place of articulation. | |||
** If /ʈ ɖ/ and /c ɟ/, then /ʈc ɖɟ/ becomes /ʈː ɖː/ | |||
<br> | |||
'''Sibilant Assimilation'''<br> | |||
Assimilation of Sibilants occurs when in [C₁C₂] clusters; where [C₁] is alveolar and [C₂] is a palatal. | |||
* If [C₁C₂], then a Geminate Sibilant is formed from left-to-right assimilation. | |||
** [C₁] assimilates to [C₂]'s place of articulation. | |||
** If /s z/ and /ʃ ʒ/, then /sʃ zʒ/ becomes /ʃː ʒː/ | |||
* If [C₂C₁], then a Geminate Sibilant is formed from right-to-left assimilation. | |||
** [C₂] assimilates to [C₁]'s place of articulation. | |||
** If /ʃ ʒ/ and /s z/, then /ʃs ʒz/ becomes /ʃː ʒː/ | |||
* If one of the two adjacent Sibilants is an Affricate, the Affricate changes its place of articulation. | |||
* Affricate-Fricative [CC] clusters are pronounced the same as geminate affricate. | |||
* Assimilation can be omitted in articulated speech, e.g. to avoid homophony. | |||
<br> | |||
'''Palatal Assimilation'''<br> | |||
An Alveolar and an adjacent Palatal results in a Palatal Geminate. | |||
* Full palatal assimilation occurs when the final [-C] is [j] | |||
* Partial assimilation takes place if an Alveolar Plosive is followed by a Palatal | |||
* Alveolar Plosives assimilate to their Palatal counterpart before [ɲ] | |||
<br> | |||
====Consonant Mutation==== | ====Consonant Mutation==== |