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Minhast: Difference between revisions
Moved more info about the particle "damikman" to the temoral adverbial section.
(Moved particle "damikman" to the temoral adverbial section.) |
(Moved more info about the particle "damikman" to the temoral adverbial section.) |
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Just as Minhast has an array of deictic markers that encode proximity and distance from the speaker, the language has an array of particles encoding temporal relations. The particle ''damikman'' occurs as a time adverbial for all team references. It | Just as Minhast has an array of deictic markers that encode proximity and distance from the speaker, the language has an array of particles encoding temporal relations. The particle ''damikman'' occurs as a time adverbial for all team references. It can refer to the recent past, present or future time as well, dependent on its exact semantic meaning from the tense marker in the verb, whereas the other temporal markers mark explicit time spaces independent of the verb's tense marker. | ||
Native speakers report that ''damikman'' conveys a hightened sense of uncertainty because of its sole reliance on the verb's tense marker, but based on both data from both speakers and texts, the particle oftentimes appears to mark definite endpoints in relation to a reference point that is recoverable by all speech participants. | |||
As tense in Minhast is relative, all temporal particles, whether marked by ''damikman'' or its more discrete adverbial counterparts, also operate under a relative time reference, a reference based not on the speech act, but on the connected discourse of the speaker's narrative. | |||
One final note on ''damikman'': the particle always appears at the head of a clause and cannot be preceded by a ''wa''-Construction, nor can it be followed by a ''wa''-Construction. | |||
Textual examples of the use of ''damikman'' illustrate how the particle derives its semantic meaning in marking a time reference: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Damikman Anyar iknatūmašnerrannimmāš raħkibayherradikminessuš. | |||
|IPA = | |||
| morphemes = damikman anyar kna-∅-šerr-an-nimm-mā-š raħk-bayhe-redad-km-ness-u-š | |||
| gloss = PTCL PN.ABS go-NOM-RMT.PST-INTR-PURP-SUB-IRR APPL.ABL-seek.help-men-3S.ACC+3P.NOM-FUT-TRN-IRR | |||
| translation = On that day, Anyar went [to Attum Attar] to seek help from their men. | |||
}} | |||
Example of Recent Past: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Damikman Izzye išpisaxlaxmakkarusašša. | |||
|IPA = | |||
| morphemes = damikman izzye šp-saxt-laxmakk-ar-u-sašša | |||
| gloss = PTCL father CAUS-INCH-anger-PST-INTR-SEMB | |||
| translation = It seems that he angered Dad a few days ago. | |||
}} | |||
Example of Future: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Damikman Yešker hanessanwašša. | |||
|IPA = | |||
| morphemes = damikman yešker ha-ness-an-wašša | |||
| gloss = PTCL PN come-FUT-INTR-INF | |||
| translation = Yešker should be arriving soon. | |||
}} | |||
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# perhaps later | # perhaps later | ||
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