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Teutla: Difference between revisions
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{{art}} | |||
[[Category:User:Nicomega]] | [[Category:User:Nicomega]] | ||
[[Category:Cramarian languages]] | [[Category:Cramarian languages]] | ||
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|nativename = Teutla | |nativename = Teutla | ||
|creator = [[User:Nicomega|Nicolás Campi]] | |creator = [[User:Nicomega|Nicolás Campi]] | ||
|pronunciation = | |pronunciation = 'teu.tla | ||
|setting = Earth-like planet | |setting = Earth-like planet | ||
|region = Unknown | |region = Unknown | ||
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Teutla notably preserves the alveolar/retroflex distinction for the sibilant, adding a palatal also. | |||
=== Consonants === | === Consonants === | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;" | ||
! style="width: 68px; "| | ! style="width: 68px; "| | ||
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial | ! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial | ||
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental | ! style="width: 68px; " |Dental/Alveolar | ||
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal | ! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal | ||
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar | ! style="width: 68px; " |Velar | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Stop | ! style="" |Stop | ||
| p | | p | ||
| t | | t | ||
| t͡ʃ | | t͡ʃ {{angbr|ch}} | ||
| k | | k | ||
| | | tʂ {{angbr|tx}} | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Fricative | ! style="" |Fricative | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
| s | | s | ||
| ʃ | | ʃ {{angbr|sh}} | ||
| | | | ||
| ʂ | | ʂ {{angbr|x}} | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
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| w | | w {{angbr|hu}} | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Vowels === | === Vowels === | ||
Five vowels are distinguished with their long and short versions. | |||
{| class="wikitable" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Close | ! Close | ||
| i iː || || u uː | | i, iː {{angbr|i, ī}} || || u, uː {{angbr|u, ū}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Mid | ! Mid | ||
| e eː || || o oː | | e, eː {{angbr|e, ē}} || || o, oː {{angbr|o, ō}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Open | ! Open | ||
| || a aː || | | || a, aː {{angbr|a, ā}} || | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Morphosyntax== | ==Morphosyntax== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns only mark for ergative, absolutive (lack of marking and citation form) and construct. Appart from these, Teutla uses a number of postpositional suffixes to convey most other senses that could be covered by cases in other agglutinative languages. More important than case marking is the plural, which depends on the noun class and can also cover names other than plain plural, such as collective or "completive" and a "multative" (many instances of one same thing). | |||
{| class="wikitable" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan=2 | | |||
! she<br/>"man" | |||
! chak<br/>"ash" | |||
! hop<br/>"foot" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | Singular | |||
! Absolutive | |||
| she | |||
| chak | |||
| hop | |||
|- | |||
! Ergative | |||
| sheum | |||
| chakum | |||
| hopum | |||
|- | |||
! Construct | |||
| shei | |||
| chaki | |||
| hopi | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | Plural | |||
! Absolutive | |||
| shetla | |||
| chakneh | |||
| hopneh | |||
|- | |||
! Ergative | |||
| shetlum | |||
| chaknum | |||
| hopnum | |||
|- | |||
! Construct | |||
| shetli | |||
| chakni | |||
| hopni | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | Plural coll.<br>"all of" | |||
! Absolutive | |||
| shetash | |||
| chaktash | |||
| hoptash | |||
|- | |||
! Ergative | |||
| shetashum | |||
| chaktashum | |||
| hoptashum | |||
|- | |||
! Construct | |||
| shetashi | |||
| chaktashi | |||
| hoptashi | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | Plural mult.<br>"many of" | |||
! Absolutive | |||
| shenech | |||
| chaknech | |||
| hopnech | |||
|- | |||
! Ergative | |||
| shenechum | |||
| chaknechum | |||
| hopnechum | |||
|- | |||
! Construct | |||
| shenechi | |||
| chaknechi | |||
| hopnechi | |||
|} | |||
==== | ====Plurals==== | ||
Some plurals include a semantic distinction and can only be used with nouns of a class. | Some plurals include a semantic distinction and can only be used with nouns of a class. | ||
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! Plural !! Form !! IPA | ! Plural !! Form !! IPA | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''inanimate | | ''inanimate abstract'' || -tu || [tu] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''inanimate | | ''inanimate concrete'' || -neh || [neʰ] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''animate'' || -tla || [tɬa] | | ''animate'' || -tla || [tɬa] | ||
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! Plural !! Form !! IPA !! Meaning | ! Plural !! Form !! IPA !! Meaning | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''collective'' || -tash || [taʂ] || All X | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''multative'' || -nech || [net͡ʃ] || A lot of X | | ''multative'' || -nech || [net͡ʃ] || A lot of X | ||
|} | |} | ||
<!-- | |||
====Possession==== | ====Possession==== | ||
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
--> | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
* '''shetash huakkan. Chaknech ihopneh īshnen.''' "All men are big. A lot of ashes cover his feet". | |||
* '''sheum yohōatush ham tutān'''. "the man gave my brother a flower". | |||