I Kronurum: Difference between revisions
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'''·''' /e̞/ becomes /ɘ/ in unstressed syllables and /ɛ/ in word medial unstressed syllables. | '''·''' /e̞/ becomes /ɘ/ in unstressed syllables and /ɛ/ in word medial unstressed syllables. | ||
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====Umlaut and dipthongs by umlaut==== | ====Umlaut and dipthongs by umlaut==== | ||
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==Samples== | |||
{| class="wikitable | |||
| colspan=6 | ''ó pagrumórn, undrumórn, faŕumen'' | |||
|- | |||
| /ˈʔu̜ || ˈpɑ.gɾu.mu̜ɾn || <nowiki>|</nowiki> || ˈʔun.dɾu.mu̜ɾn || <nowiki>|</nowiki> || ˈfɑ.ru.mɘn/ | |||
|- | |||
| ó(r) || {b>p}aga-rum-ór-(e)n || || unda-rum-ór-(e)n || || fara-rum-(e)n | |||
|- | |||
| {{sc|gen.i}} || tree-{{sc|det}}-{{sc|and}}-{{sc|gen.ii}} || || bird-{{sc|det}}-{{sc|and}}-{{sc|gen.ii}} || || horse-{{sc|det}}-{{sc|gen.ii}} | |||
|- | |||
| colspan=6 | "of/about the tree, the bird and the horse" (a tale) | |||
|} | |||
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||
Revision as of 09:15, 16 July 2014
 | This article is a construction site. This project is currently undergoing significant construction and/or revamp. By all means, take a look around, thank you. |
| I Kronurum | |
|---|---|
| «that what is spoken» | |
 | |
| Pronunciation | [/ˈʔi ˈkɾo̞.nu.ɾum/] |
| Created by | – |
| Native to | ? |
| Native speakers | ? (2014) |
?
| |
Early forms | Ancient I.K.
|
Background
The language known as I Kronurum
Phonology
Consonants
The consonants of I Kronurum
Consonant inventory
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p b | t d | k g | ʔ | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | (ŋ) | |||||
| Trill | r | |||||||
| Tap or flap | ɾ | |||||||
| Fricative | (β) | f | θ ð | s | ʃ | x (ɣ) | h | |
| Lateral fric. | (ɬ) | |||||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||||
| Lateral app. | l |
Consonant allophony
· /p/ and /t/, except when result of a mutation, become aspirated when in initial position before a vowel (/pʰV/, /tʰV/)
· /ŋ/ is an allophone of /n/ before /g/ (eg. ‹angr› /ˈɑŋ.gɾ̩/, 1.s=”I”).
· ‹g› = /x/ only in coda after a front vowel (eg. ‹sig›, /ˈsix/, “until”).
Vowels
The vowels of I Kronurum
Vowel inventory
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | ||
| Close | 
| |||||
| Near‑close | ||||||
| Close‑mid | ||||||
| Mid | ||||||
| Open‑mid | ||||||
| Near‑open | ||||||
| Open | ||||||
Vowel allophony
· /ɑ/ becomes /ɐ/ in unstressed syllables and /a/ in word medial unstressed syllables.
· /e̞/ becomes /ɘ/ in unstressed syllables and /ɛ/ in word medial unstressed syllables.
Phonotactics
(C)(C)(C)Nu(C)(N/R)
The nucleus Nu must be either a vowel or syllabic [R] or [N].
In coda position a cluster can end with a nasal [N] or an r' [R]
Grammar
Morphology
Pro-drop
A/N
Nominal morphology
<!- Nouns are marked for number and gender. -->
Marking hierarchy
The marking of the nouns happens according to the following hierarchy:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| √noun | det | pl | and | nom, gen, akk, dat, inst, loc, all |
In the genitive and accusative cases, the root is preceded by a preposition.
Declension particles and other affixes
Case marking
| Case | Marker | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nom | Nominative | ∅ | ∅ | - | The nominative case is not marked |
| gen | Genitive | ó(r) _-(e)n | /ˈʔu̹ɾ/ _-/e̞n/ | preposition, suffix | Triggers mutation 1. Epenthetic r before a vowel: ór okren /ˈʔu̹ɾ ʔo̞.kɾe̞n/ |
| akk | Accusative | tró | /ˈtɾu̹/ | preposition | Triggers mutation 2 |
| dat | Dative | -(r)is | -/ɾis/ | suffix | |
| instr | Instrumental/Commitative | -(n)ion | -/nio̯n/ | suffix | Inanimate nouns: instrumental. Animate nouns: commitative |
| loc | Locative/Adessive ("with", "by", "at") | -(a)ftó | -/f.ˈtu̹/ | suffix | þaneftó /θɐ.nɘf.ˈtu/, “at the house”, “at home” |
| all | Allative | -(o)rion | -/o̞.ɾio̯n/ | suffix | þanerion /ˈθɑ.nɘ.ɾio̞n/ "homebound" |
Other particles and affixes
| Function | Marker | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nlz | Nominalizer | i | /ˈʔi/ | preposition | Mostly paired with the determiner suffix <-rum>
kronur “I speak” 1s.pres.ind i kronurum, {i kro-nur-rum} [NMLZ to.speak-1s.pres.ind-det] = "was ich spreche", “that what I’m speaking”; speech, language. |
| det | Determiner | -rum | -/ɾum/ | suffix | "the x" (instead of "a x") |
| and | Coordinator | -ór | -/u̹ɾ/ | preposition | "and" |
| advm | Adverbializer | -(r)is | -/ɾis/ | suffix | "x-ly", "in the maner of x"
turns nouns into adverbs of manner turns verbs of motion in adverbs of manner |
| pers | Associated person | -rir | -/ɾiɾ/ | suffix | (Sp. [corre(r)]-dor, [camina(r)]-nte;
(≠-ero in "zapatero"; there: -hlajrir, Ge."-macher") hlajur v. to.make, hlajrir n. maker. assa n. forge, assarir n. smith. |
| adj | Adjetivizer | -rin | -/ɾin/ | suffix | Forms adjectives of quality. sigr "ash", agor-ó-śigrelin "ash-coloured" |
| caus | Causative | -a- | -/ɑ/- | affix | Causative. [noun.root]-a-[verb.declension]
nimr water; nimrajur to.make.moist,to.water (a plant,etc) |
| ? | ? | -(u)rur | -/u.ɾuɾ/ | suffix | ? |
Verbal morphology
Verbs are marked for tense, mood, aspect, number and, in the third person, also gender.
Marking hierarchy
The marking of the nouns happens according to the following this hierarchy:
| -1 | -2 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Passive voice marker | Aspect marker prefix | √verb | Conjugation affix for person, number and mood | Aspect marker suffix |
Regular conjugation paradigms
There are four different regular conjugation classes, labeled i, ii, iii and iv
Samples
| ó pagrumórn, undrumórn, faŕumen | |||||
| /ˈʔu̜ | ˈpɑ.gɾu.mu̜ɾn | | | ˈʔun.dɾu.mu̜ɾn | | | ˈfɑ.ru.mɘn/ |
| ó(r) | {b>p}aga-rum-ór-(e)n | unda-rum-ór-(e)n | fara-rum-(e)n | ||
| gen.i | tree-det-and-gen.ii | bird-det-and-gen.ii | horse-det-gen.ii | ||
| "of/about the tree, the bird and the horse" (a tale) | |||||