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Old Teuthish: Difference between revisions
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'''Old Teuthish''' is a language spoken in Lõis. It is classified in Lõis as a Germanic language, but relative to our timeline it is a sister of Proto-Germanic. It makes use of several archaisms such as the total absence of Verner's law, and contrastive stress inherited from PIE. It is also innovative in other ways, such as Grassmann's law. | |||
==History== | |||
Old Teuthish has a lot more historical attestation in Lõis than Proto-Germanic; it's comparable to Old English. | |||
==Morphology== | |||
Old Teuthish is a pretty standard ancient northern IE language, with a highly inflecting nominal morphology and a somewhat reduced verbal morphology. | |||
There are seven grammatical cases in Old Teuthish: nominative, genitive, accusative, instrumental, dative, locative and vocative. There are also three numbers: singular, dual and plural, with the dual showing up only in pronouns and verbs. | |||
<poem> | |||
wulχwas, wulχwās | |||
wulχwan, wulχwans | |||
wulχwassa, wulχwān/wulχwajān/wulχwaān (depending on the dialect) | |||
wulχwai, wulχwamas | |||
wulχwā, wulχwamis | |||
wulχwei, wulχwaisu | |||
wulχwe!, wulχwās! | |||
</poem> | |||
<poem> | |||
munθís, munθī́s | |||
munθín, munθíns | |||
munθī́s, munθíjān | |||
munθī́, munθímas | |||
munθī́, munθímis | |||
munθī́, munθísu | |||
munθí!, munθī́s! | |||
</poem> | |||
<poem> | |||
purθús, purθíwes | |||
purθún, purθúns | |||
purθáus, purθíwān | |||
purθíwi, purθúmas | |||
purθū́, purθúmis | |||
purθíwei, purθúsu | |||
purθú!, purθíwes! | |||
</poem> | |||
===Adjectives=== | |||
Adjectives come in two different declensions, indefinite and definite, used as in Latvian. | |||
<poem> | |||
alθás, alθā́, alθán, alθḗ/alθṓs/alθā́ | |||
alθánān, alθā́n, alθán, alθáns/alθā́s/alθā | |||
alθássa, alθáisās, alθássa, alθáisōn | |||
alθámmē, alθáisē, alθámmē, alθáimas | |||
alθánā, alθáisā, alθánā, alθáimis | |||
alθámmi, alθáisā, alθámmi, alθáisu | |||
</poem> | |||
<poem> | |||
alθṓ, alθā́n, alθṓ, alθ(á/ā́)nis/alθā́n | |||
alθánun, alθā́nun, alθṓ, alθ(á/ā́)nus/alθā́n | |||
alθínis, alθā́nis, alθínis, alθ(á/ā́)nōn | |||
alθíni, alθā́ni, alθíni, alθ(ám/ā́)mas | |||
alθínē, alθā́nē, alθínē, alθ(ám/ā́)mis | |||
alθínī, alθā́nī, alθínī, alθ(ám/ā́)su | |||
</poem> | |||
Most adjectives follow this paradigm, except for ordinal numbers which use -ī- instead of -ā- in the weak declension. | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
imperfect/preterite distinction as in Romance languages | |||
===Lexicon=== | |||
*ainakúrθ, twikúrθ, θrikúrθ etc. = once, twice, thrice etc. | |||
[[Category:Stem-Germanic]] | |||