Enkesh: Difference between revisions
Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) m (→Phonotactics) |
Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) |
||
Line 103: | Line 103: | ||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | |||
Enkesh nouns are agglutinates of basic words, a bit like how some German words are constructed(such as German ''Fernseher'', "television", lit. "far-seer"). An Enkesh example of this would be a word like ''[[Contionary:otiqaöpinád|otiqaöpinád]]'', meaning "front yard/lawn", which is comprised of the words ''[[Contionary:otiqa|otiqa]]''(green), ''[[Contionary:öpin|öpin]]''(front, front-facing), and the locative case suffix ''-ád'', so, a literal translation would be ''green-front-<small>LOC</small>''. | |||
====Cases==== | |||
Enkesh uses noun case declensions to describe nouns. Of these, Enkesh has six noun cases: the '''nominative''', '''ergative''', '''accusative''', '''dative''', '''genitive''' and '''locative'''. All of them, excluding the nominative, are indicated using a distinct suffix. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Enkesh noun case declensions | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | !! Suffix | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=7 | Case | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| ∅ | |||
|- | |||
! Ergative | |||
| ''-iw'' | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| ''-né'' | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| ''-ttuné'' | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| ''-kö'' | |||
|- | |||
! Locative | |||
| ''-ád'' | |||
|} | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== |
Revision as of 15:24, 10 December 2023
This article is a construction site. This project is currently undergoing significant construction and/or revamp. By all means, take a look around, thank you. |
Enkesh | |
---|---|
énnékoẃan | |
Pronunciation | ['e.ɳe.koʃwan] |
Created by | Jukethatbox |
Date | 2023 |
Native to | Enkesh Confederacy |
Ethnicity | Bawakhi, Nedeẃi, Yawayé, Nnibiteẃẃi |
Native speakers | 3 million (2023) |
Nakna-Tiwaic
| |
Standard form | Standard Urban Enkesh
|
Dialects |
|
Official status | |
Official language in | Anéppia, Bawakyawan Confederacy |
Recognised minority language in | Northern Republic |
Enkesh(/ɛŋ.kɛʃ/, Enkesh: ['e.ɳe.koʃwan]) is a Nakna-Tiwaic language spoken natively on the river banks of the Anippa/Anéppa river, which is a major source of irrigation water for most pastures in the nation of Anéppia, as well as for the nomadic tribal confederacy of Bawakyawan.
Phonology
Orthography
Enkesh uses a modified version of the Latin script.
Consonants
Bilabial/ Labiodental |
Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Retroflex | Palatal/ Palato-alveolar |
Velar/ Labial-velar |
Uvular | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
voiceless | voiced | voiceless | voiced | voiceless | voiced | voiceless | voiced | voiceless | voiced | voiceless | voiced | voiceless | voiced | ||||
Plosive | standard | p | b | t | d | ʈ ⟨tt⟩ | ɖ ⟨dd⟩ | c | k | g | q | ||||||
aspirated | pʰ⟨ph⟩ | bʱ⟨bh⟩ | tʰ⟨th⟩ | dʱ⟨dh⟩ | ʈʰ ⟨tth⟩ | ɖʱ ⟨ddh⟩ | kʰ⟨kh⟩ | gʱ⟨gh⟩ | qʰ⟨qh⟩ | ||||||||
Nasal | m | n | ɳ ⟨nn⟩ | ɲ ⟨ny⟩ | ŋ ⟨ng⟩ | ||||||||||||
Tap/Flap | ɾ ⟨r⟩ | ||||||||||||||||
Fricative | standard | f | v | s | z | ʃ ⟨ś⟩ | (ʒ) | ç ⟨cc⟩ | x | ɣ ⟨xx⟩ | |||||||
no audible release | fʼ ⟨ff⟩ | sʼ ⟨ss⟩ | zʼ ⟨zz⟩ | ||||||||||||||
Affricate | standard | t͡s ⟨ç⟩ | d͡z⟨çç⟩ | t͡ʃ ⟨ć⟩ | d͡ʒ ⟨ćć⟩ | ||||||||||||
aspirated | t͡sʰ ⟨çh⟩ | d͡zʱ⟨ççh⟩ | t͡ʃʰ ⟨ćh⟩ | d͡ʒʱ ⟨ććh⟩ | |||||||||||||
Approximant/ Lateral Approximant |
l | ɭ ⟨ll⟩ | j ⟨y⟩ | ʍ ⟨ẃẃ⟩ | w |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | ||
Close | ɨ ⟨i⟩ | ɯ ⟨ú⟩ | u | ||||
Mid | Close-mid | e ⟨é⟩ | ø ⟨ö⟩ | o | |||
Open-mid | ɛ ⟨e⟩ | ʌ ⟨á⟩ | ɔ ⟨ó⟩ | ||||
Open | a |
Prosody
Stress
Stress is prototonic in Enkesh, so stress is placed on the first syllable word of a word.
The use of stress in a Nakna-Tiwaic language is rare, as most other Nakna-Tiwaic and even Nakna languages in general tend to have a detailed tone system, although even Enkesh's use of stress closely resembles tone patterns in other Nakna-Tiwaic languages.
Phonotactics
Enkesh uses a (C)(C)V(V)(C)(C) syllable structure, which is descendant from Proto-Nakna-Tiwaic *(C)V(C).
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
Enkesh nouns are agglutinates of basic words, a bit like how some German words are constructed(such as German Fernseher, "television", lit. "far-seer"). An Enkesh example of this would be a word like otiqaöpinád, meaning "front yard/lawn", which is comprised of the words otiqa(green), öpin(front, front-facing), and the locative case suffix -ád, so, a literal translation would be green-front-LOC.
Cases
Enkesh uses noun case declensions to describe nouns. Of these, Enkesh has six noun cases: the nominative, ergative, accusative, dative, genitive and locative. All of them, excluding the nominative, are indicated using a distinct suffix.
Suffix | ||
---|---|---|
Case | ||
Nominative | ∅ | |
Ergative | -iw | |
Accusative | -né | |
Dative | -ttuné | |
Genitive | -kö | |
Locative | -ád |