Guimin: Difference between revisions

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*/ʔ, d͡z, f, fː/ only occur in loanwords.
*/ʔ, d͡z, f, fː/ only occur in loanwords.
*Consonants except /f, fː, j/ pharyngealize adjacent to pharyngealized vowels and other pharyngealized consonants.
*Pharyngealization of trills is optional and varies by speaker.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===

Revision as of 13:58, 29 January 2024

Guimin
гӯймин
Pronunciation[guːjˈmin]
Created byDillon Hartwig
Date2022
SettingDagestan, Russian Federation
Early form
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Guimin /ˈgoɪmɪn/ (Guimin: гӯймин [guːjˈmin]) is an Indo-European language spoken in eastern Dagestan.

Etymology

Guimin is from the autonym and ethnonym гӯймин, which is inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H-h₁en-mén-s.

Orthography

Guimin has historically been written with the Arabic, Mkhedruli, and Latin scripts, but is now largely written with the Cyrillic script.

(table here)

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Postalveolar Lateral Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n
Stop Voiceless p t k ʔ
Ejective pʼː tʼː kʼː qʼː
Voiced b d g
Affricate Voiceless t͡s t͡sː t͡ʃ t͡ʃː t͡ɬ t͡ɬː
Ejective t͡sʼ t͡sʼː t͡ʃʼ t͡ʃʼː t͡ɬʼ t͡ɬʼː
Voiced d͡z d͡ʒ
Fricative Voiceless f s ʃ ʃː ɬ ɬː x χː h
Voiced z ʒ ʁ
Approximant w l j
Trill Voiceless r̥ː
Voiced r
  • /ʔ, d͡z, f, fː/ only occur in loanwords.
  • Consonants except /f, fː, j/ pharyngealize adjacent to pharyngealized vowels and other pharyngealized consonants.
  • Pharyngealization of trills is optional and varies by speaker.

Vowels

(table here)

Prosody

Stress

Stress is phonemic, most often either stem-initial or directly after the stem (which shifts to stem-final with zero-suffixes).

Intonation

Rhythm

Phonotactics

Morphology

Alignment

Guimin has ergative-absolutive morphosyntactic alignment.

Nouns and pronouns

Pronouns

Verbs

Adjectives and adverbs

Postpositions

Numerals

Guimin uses base-20 numerals, except past 1000 where base-10 is used.

(table here)

Derivational morphology

Part-of-speech modifiers

Syntax

Constituent order

The predominant word order is SOV, but word order is very flexible.

Noun and verb phrases

Dependent clauses

Dependent clauses follow the head they modify after any other modifiers, and are generally marked with the attributive.

Example texts

Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1

Гӯ мәнвис виъсәм муъкӏтӏмими гьу вэ̄кьӏмими карә̄мэ̄с гьу гьуъкъӯкъә̄м упӏрә. Гӯ әъкь гьу виджд дӯрә гьу тӣнтӏзәм такэ̄ бырэ̄тӏ гӯъдэчэ̄.

Гӯ

NWIT

мәнвис

human.ABS-PL.ABS

виъсәм

all-M.PL.ABS

муъкӏтӏмими

free-ADJ.NZ-COM

гьу

and

вэ̄кьӏмими

equal-ADJ.NZ-COM

карә̄мэ̄с

dignity-SG.GEN2

гьу

and

гьуъкъӯкъә̄м

right.PL-PL.GEN2

упӏрә.

make.PFV.PASS.M.PL

Гӯ мәнвис виъсәм муъкӏтӏмими гьу вэ̄кьӏмими карә̄мэ̄с гьу гьуъкъӯкъә̄м упӏрә.

NWIT human.ABS-PL.ABS all-M.PL.ABS free-ADJ.NZ-COM and equal-ADJ.NZ-COM dignity-SG.GEN2 and right.PL-PL.GEN2 make.PFV.PASS.M.PL


Гӯ

NWIT

әъкь

reason

гьу

and

виджд

conscience

дӯрә

give.PFV.PASS.M.PL

гьу

and

тӣнтӏзәм

do.PFV.PRES.M.PL

такэ̄

should

бырэ̄тӏ

brother

гӯъдэчэ̄.

be.INF-LAT-GER-ADV

Гӯ әъкь гьу виджд дӯрә гьу тӣнтӏзәм такэ̄ бырэ̄тӏ гӯъдэчэ̄.

NWIT reason and conscience give.PFV.PASS.M.PL and do.PFV.PRES.M.PL should brother be.INF-LAT-GER-ADV

Linguifex-hosted translations

Conlang Atlas of Language Structures-hosted translations

Other resources

CALS