Verse:Irta/Naeng: Difference between revisions
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m (→PJott > Trây) |
m (→PJott > Trây) |
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*''{{recon|mC-}}'', ''{{recon|wC-}}'' > ''wC-'' [vC-] | *''{{recon|mC-}}'', ''{{recon|wC-}}'' > ''wC-'' [vC-] | ||
*{{recon|''iiʔ''}}, {{recon|''ei''}}, {{recon|''aj''}} > ''ei'' [ei] > [ai] | *{{recon|''iiʔ''}}, {{recon|''ei''}}, {{recon|''aj''}} > ''ei'' [ei] > [ai] | ||
*{{recon|''r''}} [r] > ''r'' [ʀ] | |||
===PJott > Mèkk=== | ===PJott > Mèkk=== | ||
Revision as of 12:51, 23 June 2015
Phylogeny
| Proto-Naengic |
| |||||||||||||||
Proto-Naengic
- Syllable structure: (C)(ə).(C)(C)V(Cf)[sʔ]
- Cf is one of [mnɲŋptckrlswj]
- VSO and head-initial, of course
- The unmarked 'absolute state' marked the end of the noun phrase. 'Construct state' or the connective was marked with a clitic *-s.
| Proto-Nängic consonants | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
| Nasal | *m | *n | *ɲ | *ŋ | |||
| Plosive | plain | *p | *t | *c | *k | *ʔ | |
| voiced | *b | *d | *ɟ | *g | |||
| implosive | *ɓ | *ɗ | *ʄ | ||||
| Fricative | *θ | *s /ç/ | *h | ||||
| Trill | *r | ||||||
| Lat. app. | *l | ||||||
| Approximant | *w | *j | |||||
| Proto-Nängic vowels | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Central | Back | |
| Close | *i | *u | |
| Mid | *e | *ə | *o |
| Open | *æ | *ɒ | |
Jottic
These languages are often affected by the areal *r > *ʀ sound change
PJott > Trây
- *s [ç] > [ʒ] / #_[+voiced], [ʃ] / otherwise
- *-s > [+phonation magic] > vowel changes and ablaut
- *w- > w [β] > [v]
- *ts-, *cs-, *ts- > *ss- > ß [s]
- *mC-, *wC- > wC- [vC-]
- *iiʔ, *ei, *aj > ei [ei] > [ai]
- *r [r] > r [ʀ]
PJott > Mèkk
- *hn, sn, hl, sl > *ɬ
- *-r > *-ŋ
Bôr
- *θ > *v
- *d > *ð > *z
- *c- > *t͡s-
- *lV, *rV > *Vr, *Vl? Or *Cl-, *Cr- > *Cˤ?
| Bôr-A consonants | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||||
| plain | phar. | plain | phar. | plain | phar. | plain | phar. | plain | phar. | ||||||
| Nasal | m /m/ | ml /mˤ/ | n /n/ | nl /nˤ/ | ñ /ɲ/ | ñl /ɲˤ/ | ŋ /ŋ/ | ŋl /ŋˤ/ | |||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p /p/ | pl /pˤ/ | t /t/ | tl /tˤ/ | k /k/ | kl /kˤ/ | ʔ /ʔ/ | |||||||
| voiced | b /b/ | bl /bˤ/ | d /d/ | dl /dˤ/ | g /g/ | gl /gˤ/ | |||||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s /s/ | sl /x/ | h /h/ | |||||||||||
| voiced | f /v/ | fl, wl /vˤ/ | z /z/ | zl /ɣ/ | |||||||||||
| Affricate | c /ts/ | cl /tsˤ/ | |||||||||||||
| Lat. app. | l /l/ | ||||||||||||||
| Approximant | w /w/ | j /j/ | |||||||||||||
| Bôr vowels | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
| short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | ı /i/ | ır /iː/ | u /ɯ/ | ur /ɯː/ | ||
| Mid | e /ɛ/ | er /ɛː/ | y /ə/ | yr /əː/ | o /ɔ/ | or /ɔː/ |
| Open | a /a/ | ar /aː/ | ||||
Tones!
- a: low level/modal
- ä: high breathy
- ả: low nasalized dipping
- ā: high tense
- ȧ: glottalized
- â: sharp falling