Pategian: Difference between revisions

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[[Cascadian Turkic/Lexicon|Lexicon]]
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''nủtufỉxi'', from ''nủtu'' 'Pategian' + ''fỉxi'' 'language') is a [[Pategic languages|Pategic]] language spoken by the [[Verse:Tricin/Pategia|Pategian]] people in [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]].


'''Cascadian Turkic''' is a Turkic language spoken in [[User:IlL/Lõis]]'s Pacific Northwest.
It is inspired by Welsh, Hungarian, and classical IE languages (Latin, Greek and Avestan). Pategian is also analogous to Hungarian from a diachronic perspective: roots that are disyllabic in other Pategic languages are often monosyllabic in Pategian.


<!--
==Dialects==
 
Pategian has 4 main dialects:
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*Tảmhẻxra
 
*Fathrẩc
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
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*Ảnfihẻzi
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-->
 
==Introduction==
 
===Names===
[placeholder]


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
p t ts tc k b d dz dq g ph th s c kh h f x z q m n l r lh rh j


All letters are pronounced as in Turkish, except:
/p t ts tʃ k b d dz dʒ g f θ s ʃ x h v ð z ʒ m n l r ɬ rʰ j/


* '''e''' is always /ɛ/ [e̞ ~ ɛ], never /æ/;
===Vowels===
* '''ı''' is typically [ə ~ ʌ̈];
a â e i o u y ả ẩ ẻ ỉ ỏ ủ ỷ
* '''r''' is /ɹ/ or /ɻ/;
/a ɑ e i o u ɨ a: ɑ: e: i: o: u: ɨ:/
* '''ŕ''' is /r/;
* '''ȼ''' is /ɬ/;
* '''ŋ''' is /ŋ/; and
* '''ẓ''' is /ʒ/.


The letters '''w''' /w/ and '''y''' /y/ are used in foreign words. In addition, educated speakers often make a distinction between the native phonemes '''h''' /h/ and '''k''' /k/, and the phonemes '''ḥ''' /x/ and '''ḳ''' /q/ respectively, which can be found in Eskimo and Salish loans. However, the use of ejectives in Lushootseed loans that have them, e.g. /ts’əm/ for ''tsım (etmik)'' 'to pick berries' is considered pretentious.
===Pitch accent===


===Vowel harmony===
Old Pategian had a pitch accent in long vowels which could be rising (written ả) or falling (written ạ). The distinction is neutralized in Modern Pategian.
 
The symbols X and O denote two underspecified vowels. X can be i, ı, u or ü, and O can be e, a, o or ö.


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
No initial clusters, geminates allowed
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==


===Nouns===
Stress follows the Dreimorengesetz.


Cascadian Turkic has 6 cases:
==Morphology==
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Case !! Nominative !! Genitive !! Accusative !! Locative !! Ablative !! Dative
|-
| Ending || || -(n)O || -(n)X || -dX/-tX || -dXn/-tXn || -kX, -ŋX after a vowel
|}
 
The plural is -lXŕ.
 
Unusually for a Turkic language, first and second person possessives are prefixes.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Person !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1 || be- || rim-
|-
| 2 || ȼe- || re-
|}
 
The third person possessive is a suffix: -(s)X. -sX may be abbreviated to -s.
 
===Verbs===
* Simple present: -(X)ŕ-, negative -mXr-
* Present continuous: -bie-, negative -mXbie-
* Past: -dX/tX-, negative -mXdX-
* Evidential past: -mXs-, negative -mXmXs-
* Future: -(X)ẓXŋ-, negative -mXẓXŋ-
 
Here are the personal suffixes:
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Person !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1 || -mXn || -mXr
|-
| 2 || -sXn || -sXr
|-
| 3 || -Ø/-dXŕ/-tXŕ || -Ø/-lXŕ
|}
 
These work somewhat differently in the present continuous tense:
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Person !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1 || -biemin || -biemir
|-
| 2 || -biesin || -biesir
|-
| 3 || -bier || -bier/-bieliŕ
|}
 
In the future tense and in predicative sentences (where these suffixes are attached to nouns or adjectives), -sXn and -sXr become -ȼXn and -ȼXr respectively. The suffix -dXŕ/tXŕ may be used for third person predicatives.
 
The existential verb 'there is' is ''bıaŕ'', negative ''ẓuok''.
 
The root ''tut-'' can be used with the meaning 'to have'.
 
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->
 
==Example texts==
 
==Some non-Turkic words==
''Süötüptün'' = the Pacific Northwest, from Lushootseed "swátixʷtəd" (earth)
 
''tsımetmik'' = to pick berries, from Lushootseed "c’əb"
 
''tsımẓı'' = berry picker (-ẓı ~ Turkish -cı)
 
''shıwın'' = blackberry, from Lushootseed "sx̌əgʷəd"


==Other resources==
==Poetry==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->


<!-- Template area -->
Most ancient Pategian poetry was written in flexible quantitative meters reminiscent of Vedic Sanskrit, but a few authors have experimented with the stricter quantitative meters used in [[Sowaár]] poetry. Stress-accentual meters and rhyming unmetric verse, influenced by [[Windermere]] poetry, are also common.


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Pseudo-Uralic]][[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Pategic languages]]

Latest revision as of 01:35, 28 March 2024

Pategian (nủtufỉxi, from nủtu 'Pategian' + fỉxi 'language') is a Pategic language spoken by the Pategian people in Tricin.

It is inspired by Welsh, Hungarian, and classical IE languages (Latin, Greek and Avestan). Pategian is also analogous to Hungarian from a diachronic perspective: roots that are disyllabic in other Pategic languages are often monosyllabic in Pategian.

Dialects

Pategian has 4 main dialects:

  • Tảmhẻxra
  • Fathrẩc
  • Kẻlet
  • Ảnfihẻzi

Phonology

Consonants

p t ts tc k b d dz dq g ph th s c kh h f x z q m n l r lh rh j

/p t ts tʃ k b d dz dʒ g f θ s ʃ x h v ð z ʒ m n l r ɬ rʰ j/

Vowels

a â e i o u y ả ẩ ẻ ỉ ỏ ủ ỷ /a ɑ e i o u ɨ a: ɑ: e: i: o: u: ɨ:/

Pitch accent

Old Pategian had a pitch accent in long vowels which could be rising (written ả) or falling (written ạ). The distinction is neutralized in Modern Pategian.

Phonotactics

No initial clusters, geminates allowed

Stress follows the Dreimorengesetz.

Morphology

Poetry

Most ancient Pategian poetry was written in flexible quantitative meters reminiscent of Vedic Sanskrit, but a few authors have experimented with the stricter quantitative meters used in Sowaár poetry. Stress-accentual meters and rhyming unmetric verse, influenced by Windermere poetry, are also common.

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