Fourth Linguifex Relay/Minhast

Minhast Text

Ikkūne kuriktahan iħyitahammā,
Duħtaniktaharu, ittaħyamekan,
Hakkumman.

Taħ watturħa kungatarabammā, ikšākarampā
Wahēk, šuxtān min turħa kurganaft, dutikšakinnarumā,
Wahēk, duħtiptayyariknenaru.

Ra'e, wattā' hittanankūyaranaft keħredāš tadammantankūyismattabu
Wašia wakayyunar intakahešnuktararampi, wammīn.

Interlinear Gloss

Ikkūne kurg-tah-an iħy-tah-an=mā Chieftain be.strong-2S.ABS-INTRANS be.high-2S.ABS-INTRANS=SUBORD

Dut-han-ktah-ar-u, ittah-yam-ek-an DAT.APPL-come-1S.ABS+2S.ERG-PST-TRANS, have-sea-1S.ABS-INTRANS,

Hakkum-m-an Be.far-3S.ANIM.ABS-INTRANS

Taħ watturħa kungat-Ø-ar-ab-an=mā, ikšāk-Ø-ar=ampā 2S.ABS CONN=spirit look.forward.to.arrival-3S.ABS-PST-IMPF-INTRANS=SUBORD, request-3MS.ABS-PST-ANTIPASS+SUBORD

Wahēk, šuxtān min turħa kurg-Ø-an=aft, dut-ikšāk-nn-ar-u=mā SEQUENTIAL.DISC, sky CONN spirit be.great-3S.ABS-INTRANS=NMLZ, DAT.APPL-request-3S.ABS+3S.ERG-PST-TRANS=SUBORD

Wahēk, dut-hitt-payyar-knen-ar-u SEQUENTIAL.DISC, DAT.APPL-give-custom-1S.ABS+3MS.ERG-PST-TRANS

Ra'e, wa=hattā' hitt-nannankūy-Ø-ar-an=aft keħre=dāš ta-idammat-nannankūy-m-satt-ab-u CONFIRM.EXPECT.DISC CONN=NEG give-silver-3MS.ABS-PST-INTRANS=NMLZ death=MAL NEG=protect-silver-3S.ABS+3S.INANIM.ERG-FUT-IMPF-TRANS

Wašia wa=kayyun-ar nt-kah-ešnuk-tar-Ø-ar-ampi, wammīn. DISTAL.ADV CONN=tree-PST INTENS-INVERSE.VOLITIONAL-tip-DISTR-3S.ANIM.ABS-PST-ANTIPASS, CAUSAL.DISC

Glossing Key

1) DAT.APPL - Dative Applicative 2) ERG - Ergative 3) ABS - Absolutive 4) INTRANS - Intransitive 5) TRANS - Transitive 6) ANTIPASS - Antipassive 7) CONN - Connective particle or clitic - Minhast has two kinds of Connectives: 'min' links two or more noun phrases (NP); 'wa=' links adjuncts with clauses 8) ANIM - Animate 9) INANIM - Inanimate 10) 1S - First person singular 11) 2S - Second person singular 12) 3S - Third person singular 13) SUBORD - Subordinative clitic 14) DISC - Discourse particle 15) NEG - Negation particle, affix or clitic 16) INTENS - Intensive 17) INVERSE.VOLITIONAL - Inverse volitional affix, changes verbs that are semantically deliberate to accidental, and vice versa 18) DISTR - Distributive 19) PST - Past tense 20) FUT - Future tense 21) IMPF - Imperfect aspect 22) DISTAL.ADV - Distal demonstrative adverb 23) SEQUENTIAL.DISC - Sequential discourse particle, similar to the Subordinative clitic. However, this particle implies also a shift in grammatical roles between the core arguments. 24) CONFIRM.EXPECT.DISC - Confirmatory-Expective discourse particle which indicates that the speaker expects the listener to agree what the speaker just said. 25) CAUSAL.DISC - Discourse particle that indicates that the clause it is bound to was responsible for causing previous clauses to occur. It has wide scope over extended discourse.

Additional Notes

• • • • WATCH OUT for noun incorporation!