Contionary:ka: Difference between revisions

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==Kirtumur==
===Etymology===
From East Kyrdan ''*ka'' (“sun”), from Proto-Kyrdan ''*ķah'' (“sun”). Possibly related to Proto-Klesuic ''*gçəɣs'' “big bright light”, or ''*çəs'' “day”. Cognate with Kērsalur ''ka'', Cirdamur ''ca'', Old Sērsal ''sa'', Old Ķyrdum ''ķasli''. Related to ''Kalli'' “Sun (the name of the star)”
===Pronunciation===
(''Umunesal'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: [kɑ]
===Noun===
'''ka''' n ''inanimate declension''
#sun (the star around which the Earth revolves).
#: ''niwuta hur nikukha ruŋ '''ka''''' – the '''sun''' rises in the east and sets in the west.
#a symbol, a marker of stellar object names in writing, which is always silent.
#: '''''<sup>ka</sup>'''Kalli, '''<sup>ka</sup>'''Niccayi, '''<sup>ka</sup>'''Ceiŋari'' – Sun, Proxima Centauri, Alpha Centauri A.
#a star, as the centre of a star system.
#: ''Mutuŋam Niccayi '''ka'''x'' – the '''sun''' of Proxima Centauri b is Proxima Centauri.
===Declension===
{{ktm-noun-III|k|a|a|}}
===Derived terms===
*''Kalli'' – the Sun (Sol)
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Kirtumur words]]
==Qino==
==Qino==
===Alternative forms===
===Alternative forms===
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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
Proto-Cushitic ''*af'' (Somali ''af'', Afar ''af'', Oromo ''afaan''). Cognate to Proto-Semitic ''*pay'', which gave rise to Arabic فَم (famm), Hebrew פֶּה‏ (pé), Aramaic פּוּמָא‏ (pūmā), Ethio-Semitic አፍ (af).
Proto-Cushitic.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
(''Qino'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈafka/ [ʔáfka]
(''Qino'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ka/


===Article===
===Article===
'''ka''' ''m.''
'''ka''' ''m.''
# the; masculine absolutive definite article
# the; masculine absolutive definite article
#:''<b>ka</b> faras''
#:''<b>ka</b> farda''
#:: ''<b>the</b> horse''
#:: ''<b>the</b> horse''
<!--
 
===Pronoun===
===Pronoun===
'''ka''' ''m.''
'''ka''' ''m.''
# it; the one
# him, it (3rd person singular masculine short clitic accusative)
#:''<b>ka</b> faras''
#:''<b>ka</b> arká.''
#:: ''<b>the</b> horse''
#:: ''I see <b>him</b>.''
# his, its (3rd person singular masculine short clitic genitive)
#:''<b>ka</b> mana''
#:: ''<b>his</b> house''
<!--
# the one
#:''Teeti <b>ka</b> dha.''
#:: ''It is hers.'' (i.e. ''It is her <b>one</b>.'')
-->
-->
====Inflection====
<!--
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Qino definite article
|-
|-
! !! Masculine !! Feminine
! rowspan=2" | !! colspan="2" | Short !! colspan = "2" | Long
|-
! Masculine !! Feminine !! Masculine !! Feminine
|-
|-
! Absolutive
! Absolutive
| ka || ta
| ka || ta || kana || tana
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ku || tu
| ku || tu || kuni || tuni
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ki || ti
| ki || ti || kini || tini
|-
|-
|}
|}
-->
====Usage notes====
====Usage notes====
Comes at beginning of noun phrase. In the Arabic and Ge'ez scripts, combines to following word.
*Definite article:
**Comes immediately before noun. In the Arabic and Ge'ez scripts, combines to following word.
**When the noun is qualified by a cardinal number, the article precedes and agrees with the number.
**Nouns in oblique cases use an absolutive article.
*The clitic genitive ''ka'' is identical in form to the absolutive masculine definite article. Confusion can be avoided by using the long clitic form ''kee(sh)'' or the non-clitic form ''keeshi''.
<!--
<!--
====Synonyms====
====Synonyms====
Line 49: Line 84:
====Related terms====
====Related terms====
-->
-->
==Sinatolean==
===Etymology===
===Pronunciation===
(''[[IPA for Sinatolean|Sinatolean]]''): [ka]
===Noun===
'''{{PAGENAME}}'''
# location, place
==Sintsiran==
===Etymology===
{{Ssr-et-i|gʰe|''particle''}}
===Particle===
'''{{PAGENAME}}'''
# yes
[[Category:Sintsiran lemmas]]
[[Category:Sinatolean lemmas]][[Category: Sinatolean nouns]][[Category:Contionary]]
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Qino articles]] [[Category:Qino words]]
[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Qino articles]] [[Category:Qino words]]

Latest revision as of 02:30, 18 August 2024

Kirtumur

Etymology

From East Kyrdan *ka (“sun”), from Proto-Kyrdan *ķah (“sun”). Possibly related to Proto-Klesuic *gçəɣs “big bright light”, or *çəs “day”. Cognate with Kērsalur ka, Cirdamur ca, Old Sērsal sa, Old Ķyrdum ķasli. Related to Kalli “Sun (the name of the star)”

Pronunciation

(Umunesal) IPA: [kɑ]

Noun

ka n inanimate declension

  1. sun (the star around which the Earth revolves).
    niwuta hur nikukha ruŋ ka – the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
  2. a symbol, a marker of stellar object names in writing, which is always silent.
    kaKalli, kaNiccayi, kaCeiŋari – Sun, Proxima Centauri, Alpha Centauri A.
  3. a star, as the centre of a star system.
    Mutuŋam Niccayi kax – the sun of Proxima Centauri b is Proxima Centauri.

Declension

Possession
Type II
singular dual plural
1st kayu kayau kame
2nd kašu kašau kašne
3rd kanu kanau kanne


Derived terms

  • Kalli – the Sun (Sol)

Qino

Alternative forms

  • ک (Western Arabic script)
  • ك (Eastern Arabic script)
  • ከ (Ge'ez script)

Etymology

Proto-Cushitic.

Pronunciation

(Qino) IPA: /ka/

Article

ka m.

  1. the; masculine absolutive definite article
    ka farda
    the horse

Pronoun

ka m.

  1. him, it (3rd person singular masculine short clitic accusative)
    ka arká.
    I see him.
  2. his, its (3rd person singular masculine short clitic genitive)
    ka mana
    his house

Usage notes

  • Definite article:
    • Comes immediately before noun. In the Arabic and Ge'ez scripts, combines to following word.
    • When the noun is qualified by a cardinal number, the article precedes and agrees with the number.
    • Nouns in oblique cases use an absolutive article.
  • The clitic genitive ka is identical in form to the absolutive masculine definite article. Confusion can be avoided by using the long clitic form kee(sh) or the non-clitic form keeshi.

Derived terms

Sinatolean

Etymology

Pronunciation

(Sinatolean): [ka]

Noun

ka

  1. location, place

Sintsiran

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰe‎ (particle)


Particle

ka

  1. yes
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