Linguifex

Þiudiskon: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
Wfeozawra (talk | contribs)
Bots
2,221 edits
Wfeozawra (talk | contribs)
Bots
2,221 edits
No edit summary
 
(98 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{privatelang}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|image= Ravenish flag.png
|image= Ravenish flag.png
|imagesize= 250px
|imagesize= 250px
|name= Ravenish  
|name= Old Ravenish  
|nativename=''þiudiskon''
|nativename=''þiudiskon''
|pronunciation= θiu̯.ðiʃ.køn
|pronunciation= θiu̯.ðiʃ.kon
|pronunciation_key = Guide:IPA
|pronunciation_key = w:International Phonetic Alphabet chart
|creator=[[User:Wfeozawra|wfosøra]]
|creator=[[User:Wfeozawra|wfosøra]]
|region=[[w:North Ostrobothnia|North Ostrobothnia]]
|fam1=Indo-European
|fam1=Indo-European
|fam2=Germanic
|fam2=Germanic
|fam3=Ravenish
|fam3=[[Proto-Ravenish (Old)|Proto-Ravenish]]
|dia1=Standard
|dia2=Formal
|dia2=Colloquial
|dia2=Standard
|script1= Goth
|dia3=Colloquial
|script2= Latn
|script1= Latn
|ancestor= [[Proto-Ravenish (Old)|Proto-Ravenish]] (Sparsely attested)
|familycolor=indo-european
|cws=MCORV
|-
|-
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}


'''Ravenish''' ([[w:endonym|autoglossonym]]: ''þiudiskon''; <small>Ravenish:&nbsp;</small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Ravenish|[θiu̯.ðiʃ.køn&#93;]]</span>) is a [[w:Germanic language|Germanic language]], with strong influence from [[w:Finnish|Finnish]]. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both groups after the Ravenish tribe migrated to the area that is now [[w:North Ostrobothnia|North Ostrobothnia]]. These connections slowly formed the modern language, which, under influence of Finnish for centuries, led to the innovation of several new forms, such as a conditional verb form and definiteness distinctions in nouns.
Make note that this is an old, outdated, and no longer updated version of Old Ravenish, for the current version see [[Old Ravenish]]


While its vocabulary derives for the most part from [[w:Proto-Germanic|Proto-Germanic]], Finnish influence is most notable in its phonology and its grammar.
'''Ravenish''' ([[w:endonym|autoglossonym]]: ''þiudiskon''; [[Modern Ravenish]] ''aldon þiudiskon''; <small>Ravenish:</small>[[w:ipq chart|[θiu̯.ðiʃ.kon]]) is a [[w:Germanic language|Germanic language]], with strong influence from [[w:Finnish|Finnish]].  


==Etymology==
==Introduction==
The language name derives from the same source as German [[wikt:Deutsch|Deutsch]], [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þiudiskaz|þiudiskaz]]. The English name is in reference to a cultural aspect of the people, their unusually large reverence for Ravens, they place an oddly high importance on Ravens even for a Germanic tribe.
===Goals===
 
Goals
* Fun
* Fun
* Learn more Germanic
* Learn more Germanic
Setting
* Learn more Finnish
===Setting===
* [[w:North Ostrobothnia|North Ostrobothnia]]
* [[w:North Ostrobothnia|North Ostrobothnia]]
Inspiration
===Inspiration===
* Finnish
* Finnish
* Proto-Germanic
* Proto-Germanic
* My love for old Germanic languages
* My love for old Germanic languages
==Etymology==
The language name derives from the same source as German [[wikt:Deutsch|Deutsch]], [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þiudiskaz|þiudiskaz]]. The English name is in reference to a cultural aspect of the people, their unusually large reverence for Ravens, they place an oddly high importance on Ravens even for a Germanic tribe.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Orthography===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Orthography
! IPA
! colspan="2" | Letter
|-
! /ɑ, ɑː/
| style="border-right: 0;" | a, aa || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /v/
| style="border-right: 0;" | b || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /ʁ/
| style="border-right: 0;" | g || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /ð/
| style="border-right: 0;" | d || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /e, eː/
| style="border-right: 0;" | e, ee || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /ɤ, ɤː/
| style="border-right: 0;" | ë, ëë || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /kʷ/
| style="border-right: 0;" | kw || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /z, ʒ/
| style="border-right: 0;" | z || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /χ/
| style="border-right: 0;" | h || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /θ/
| style="border-right: 0;" | þ || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /i, iː/
| style="border-right: 0;" | i, ii || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /y, yː/
| style="border-right: 0;" | ï, ïï || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /k/
| style="border-right: 0;" | k || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /l/
| style="border-right: 0;" | l || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /l̥/
| style="border-right: 0;" | hl || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /m/
| style="border-right: 0;" | m || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /n/
| style="border-right: 0;" | n || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /j/
| style="border-right: 0;" | j || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /u, uː/
| style="border-right: 0;" | u, uu  || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /p/
| style="border-right: 0;" | p || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /æ, æː/
| style="border-right: 0;" | ä, ää || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /r/
| style="border-right: 0;" | r || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /r̥/
| style="border-right: 0;" | hr || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /s, ʃ/
| style="border-right: 0;" | s || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /t/
| style="border-right: 0;" | t || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /w/
| style="border-right: 0;" | w || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /f/
| style="border-right: 0;" | f || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /χʷ/
| style="border-right: 0;" | hw || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /o, oː/
| style="border-right: 0;" | o, oo || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! /ø, øː/
| style="border-right: 0;" | ö, öö || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
|}
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Consonants have remained relatively close to Proto-Germanic, except for the few stops that had fricative allophones, these shifted fully to fricatives, the opposite of all other Germanic langs, the Velar fricatives also shifted to Uvular.
Consonants have remained relatively close to Proto-Germanic, except for the few stops that had fricative allophones, these shifted fully to fricatives, the opposite of all other Germanic langs, the Velar fricatives also shifted to Uvular.
Line 49: Line 151:
! colspan="2" | [[w:post-Alveolar consonant|post-<br/>alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:post-Alveolar consonant|post-<br/>alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]<br/>/[[w:Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
|-
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
Line 59: Line 160:
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])¹, ŋʷ²
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])¹, ŋʷ²
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
Line 68: Line 168:
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]], kʷ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]], kʷ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
Line 75: Line 174:
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]], sʷ || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]], sʷ || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | ([[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]])³ || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]])⁴
| style="border-right: 0;" | ([[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]])³ || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]])⁴
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless uvular fricative|χ]], χʷ || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]], ʁʷ
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless uvular fricative|χ]], χʷ || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]], ʁʷ
Line 85: Line 183:
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
|-
Line 95: Line 192:
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced uvular trill|ʀ]]
|}
|}


1: allophone of /n/ before /k/
# allophone of /n/ before /k/
2: allophone of /n/ before /kʷ/
# allophone of /n/ before /kʷ/
3: allophone of /s/ before velars and at word ends
# allophone of /s/ before velars and at word ends
4: allophone of /z/ before velars and at word ends
# allophone of /z/ before velars and at word ends, in modern colloquial forms this has roticized to /r/


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Vowels divert from PG more than the consonants, they've shifted closer to Finnish, also gaining harmony from Finnish.
Vowels divert from PG more than the consonants, they've shifted closer to Finnish, also gaining harmony from Finnish.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="8" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan="8" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
!
! colspan="4" | [[w:unrounded vowel|unrounded]]
! colspan="4" | [[w:rounded vowel|rounded]]
! colspan="4" | [[w:unrounded vowel|unrounded]]
! colspan="4" | [[w:rounded vowel|rounded]]
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|Close]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|iː]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front rounded vowel|yː]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|uː]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:mid vowel|mid]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|eː]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|øː]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back unrounded vowel|ɤ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back unrounded vowel|ɤː]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|oː]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|æ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|æː]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
|}
====Diphthongs====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! Diphthongs
! Ending with {{IPA|/i/}}
! Ending with {{IPA|/u/}}
! Ending with {{IPA|/y/}}
! Opening
|-
! Starting with {{IPA|/ɑ/}}
| {{angbr|ai}} {{IPA|[ɑi̯]}}
| {{angbr|au}} {{IPA|[ɑu̯]}}
|
|
|-
! Starting with {{IPA|/æ/}}
| {{angbr|äi}} {{IPA|[æi̯]}}
|
| {{angbr|äy}} {{IPA|[æy̯]}}
|
|-
! Starting with {{IPA|/o/}}
| {{angbr|oi}} {{IPA|[oi̯]}}
| {{angbr|ou}} {{IPA|[ou̯]}}
|
|
|-
! Starting with {{IPA|/e/}}
| {{angbr|ei}} {{IPA|[ei̯]}}
| {{angbr|eu}} {{IPA|[eu̯]}}
| {{angbr|ey}} {{IPA|[ey̯]}}
|
|-
! Starting with {{IPA|/ø/}}
| {{angbr|öi}} {{IPA|[øi̯]}}
|
| {{angbr|öy}} {{IPA|[øy̯]}}
|
|-
! Starting with {{IPA|/u/}}
| {{angbr|ui}} {{IPA|[ui̯]}}
|
|
| {{angbr|uo}} {{IPA|[uo̯]}}
|-
! Starting with {{IPA|/i/}}
|
| {{angbr|iu}} {{IPA|[iu̯]}}
| {{angbr|iy}} {{IPA|[iy̯]}}
| {{angbr|ie}} {{IPA|[ie̯]}}
|-
|}
====Sound Changes from OR====
Overlong /ɑ/ to /æ/, overlong /e/ to /ɤ/
===Prosody===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Stress====
Line 114: Line 321:
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
Take '''''ALL''''' forms with '<sup>?</sup>' with caution, the proto-Germanic form is unknown so this is me doing very, VERY basic comparisons to figure out a '''Possible''' form.
===Pronouns===
{{template:þiudiskon PersPrn}}


<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
The form used in formal situations by natives and highly fluent speakers.


Nouns
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
Adjectives
|+ Standard/colloquial personal pronouns
Verbs
|-
Adverbs
! colspan=3 | !! Nominative !! Accusative
Particles
|-
Derivational morphology
! rowspan=3 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#first person|first<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular
| {{term|ik}} || {{term|mik}}
|- valign="top"
! colspan=2 valign="middle" | dual
| {{term|wit}} || {{term|unk}}
|-
! colspan=2 valign="middle" | plural
| {{term|wiz}} || {{term|uns}}
|-
! rowspan=3 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#second person|second<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular
| {{term|þuu}} || {{term|þik}}
|-
! colspan=2 | dual
| {{term|jut}} || {{term|ïnkw}}
|-
! colspan=2 | plural
| {{term|juuz}} || {{term|izwiz}}
|-
! rowspan=6 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#third person|third<br>person]] !! rowspan=3 | singular !! masculine
| {{term|iz}} || {{term|ïnon}}
|-
! feminine
| {{term|sii}} || {{term|ijon}}
|-
! neuter
| {{term|it}} || {{term|it}}
|-
! rowspan=3 | plural !! masculine
| {{term|iiz}} || {{term|ïnz}}
|-
! feminine
| {{term|ijaaz}} || {{term|ijaz}}
|-
! neuter
| {{term|ijo}} || {{term|ijo}}
|-
! rowspan=1 colspan=3 | reflexive
| {{term|se}} || {{term|sik}}
|-
|}
 
Genitive is regularized to the suffix '-eräz'/'-ëraz', Dative is lost
 
===Nouns===
Stems are named in accordance with their PG equivalent.
====a stems====
====ō stems====
====ī/jō stems====
====i stems====
====u stems====
====an stems====
====ōn stems====
====īn stems====
====r stems====
====z stems====
====Root nouns and consonant stems====


-->
===Verbs===
===Adjectives and Determiners===
===Adverbs===
===Numbers===


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
The word order is mostly free, the base order is SOV,but this is subject to change when importance needs to be stressed on one word.
The word order is mostly free, the base order is SOV, but this is subject to change when importance needs to be stressed on one word.
 
===Noun phrase===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Verb phrase===
Line 137: Line 405:


==Example texts==
==Example texts==
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
===Beowulf Sentence 1===
hwat! wiz gaizadanjoon yn jeeroondagamaz þeudokunungoon þrumjan gafreegun, hwo þo aþulungaaz aljano framideedun.
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
/ˈχʷɑt̪ ˈwiʒ ˈʁɑi̯.zɑ.ˌðɑn.joːn yn ˈjeː.roːn.ˌðɑ.ʁɑ.mɑʒ ˈθeu̯.ðo.ˌku.nun.ʁoːn ˈθrum.jɑn ˈʁɑ.freː.ʁun ˈχʷo ˈθo ˈɑ.θu.lun.ʁɑːʒ ˈɑl.jɑ.no ˈfrɑ.mi.ðeː.ðun/
! Language !! Sentence 1 of  Beowulf
|-
| English || Indeed (or 'Yes!')! We of the Spear-Danes, in days old, had our great kings who discovered the glory of what that man's courage could do.
|-
| Old English || Hƿæt! Ƿē Gār-Dena in geār‐dagum þēod‐cyninga ⁠þrym gefrūnon, hu ðā æðelingas ellen fremedon.
|-
| Ravenish<br/>(Formal) || hwat! wiz gaizdanjoon ïn järändägämäz þeïdöökïnïngöön þrumjaz gafrëëgun, hwo þo aþulungoz aljanan framidëëdun
|-
| Pronunciation<br/>(Formal) || {{IPA|/χʷɑt wiʒ ʁɑi̯z.ðɑn.joːn yn jæ.ræn.ðæ.ʁæ.mæʒ θey̯.ðøː.ky.nyn.ʁøːn θrum.jɑʒ ʁɑ.frɤː.ʁun χʷo θo ɑ.θu.lun.ʁɑːʒ ɑl.jɑ.nɑn frɑ.mi.ðɤː.ðun/}}
|}


==Other resources==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
* [[þiudiskon/Swadesh|Swadesh]]
 
* [[þiudiskon/Phrasebook|Phrases]]
<!-- Template area -->
* [[:Category:þiudiskon lemmas|lemmas]]




[[Category:Þiudiskon]]
[[Category:þiudiskon]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Þiudiskon"