Fuano: Difference between revisions

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====Personal====
====Personal====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=3 | Singular !! colspan=3 | Plural
! rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=2 | Singular !! colspan=2 | Plural
|-
|-
! nom. !! acc. !! gen. !! nom. !! acc. !! gen.
! nom. !! acc. !! nom. !! acc.
|-
|-
! 1.
! 1.
| ''yo'' || ''me'' || ''ma'' || ''nos'' || ''nu'' || ''notue''
| ''yo'' || ''me'' || ''nos'' || ''nu''
|-
|-
! 2.
! 2.
| ''tu'' || ''tue'' || ''ta'' || ''vos'' || ''vu'' || ''votue''
| ''tu'' || ''tue'' || ''vos'' || ''vu''
|-
|-
! Masc.
! Masc.
| ''el'' || ''lue'' || rowspan=3 | ''su'' || rowspan=2 colspan=2 | ''os'' || rowspan=2 | ''luere''
| ''el'' || ''lue'' || rowspan=2 colspan=2 | ''os''
|-
|-
! Neut.
! Neut.
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|-
|-
! Fem.
! Fem.
| ''ea'' || ''eya'' || colspan=2 | ''(as)'' || ''(luare)''
| ''ea'' || ''eya'' || colspan=2 | ''(as)''
|}
|}
''as'' and ''luare'' are bracketed to show that they are rarely used even in appropriate context. For example, though it would be grammatically correct to refer to a group of women or girls as ''as'', a native speaker is realistically more likely to still refer them to as ''os'' out of convention.
''as'' is bracketed to show that it is rarely used even in appropriate context. For example, though it would be grammatically correct to refer to a group of women or girls as ''as'', a native speaker is realistically more likely to still refer them to as ''os'' out of convention.


''vos'' holds the same purpose as French ''vous'', in which it simultaneously acts as a plural and a formal second-person pronoun.
''vos'' holds the same purpose as French ''vous'', in which it simultaneously acts as a plural and a formal second-person pronoun.
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The accusative forms are also used as vocative forms, as in ''Y '''lue''', k'el pansa?'' "And '''him''', what does he think?"
The accusative forms are also used as vocative forms, as in ''Y '''lue''', k'el pansa?'' "And '''him''', what does he think?"


The genitive forms can also be used as dative forms when placed after the noun, e.g. ''don la '''luere''' mesa'' "give '''their''' table" vs ''don la mesa '''luere''''' "give the table '''to them'''"
====Possessives====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=2 | Number (n.)
|-
! Singular !! Plural
|-
! rowspan=2 | 1
! Sing.
| ''ma'' || ''me''
|-
! Pl.
| ''notue'' || ''notues''
|-
! rowspan=2 | 2
! Sing.
| ''ta'' || ''te''
|-
! Pl.
| ''votue'' || ''votues''
|-
! rowspan=2 | M.<br>N.
! Sing.
| ''su'' || ''se''
|-
! Pl.
| ''luere'' || ''lueres''
|-
! F.
! Pl.
| ''(luare)'' || ''(luares)''
|}
''Luare'' and ''luares'' are once again bracketed to show that they are rarely used in even correct context.
 
The possessives can also be used as dative forms when placed after the noun, e.g. ''don la '''luere''' mesa'' "give '''their''' table" vs ''don la mesa '''luere''''' "give the table '''to them'''"


==References==
==References==
[[Category:fuano]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:fuano]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]]

Revision as of 17:00, 2 January 2025

Fuano
fuano, lan fuan
Pronunciationfwano
Created byJukethatbox
Date2024
Native toFuano Island
EthnicityFuano Creole people
Native speakers600,000 (2024)
French-Spanish Creole
  • Fuano
Official status
Official language in
Democratic Republic of Fuinoa

Fuano[1] is a French and Spanish mixed language(with some grammatical elements of Portuguese) spoken natively on Fuano Island[2] by around 600,000 Fuanos.

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial/
Labiodental		 Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Palatal
Plosive p b t d k g
Nasal m n ŋ ɲ
Fricative f v s z ʃ ʒ x
Approximant w l j

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-mid e o
Open a

Sound changes

From French

/ʁ/ after a consonant becomes /w/ (borrowed from Haitian Creole)

  • (fromage > fuomaj)

intervocalic /ʁ/ becomes /r/

  • (fréro > fuero)

(applies to both spanish and french) /ʁ/ before a consonant is often deleted

  • (barbu > babu)

/ʁ/ in any other position is usually deleted (apart from rue which becomes ru)

  • (racine > asin)

/ə/ and /ø/ become /e/

  • (feuilleté > feyte, œuf > efe)

/ɛ/ and /ɔ/ merɡe with /e/ and /o/, /wa/ becomes /we/

  • (forêt > fore, soirée > suere)

From Spanish

/oj/ becomes /uj/

  • (estoy > estuy, doy > duy, soy is an exception and remains the same)

/tra/ becomes /ta/ (trabajo > tabaho > baho)

/v/ and /b/ merge, /θjon~sjon/ becomes /son/ (revolución > reboluson)

/ks/ becomes /ʃ/ (contradicción > kontadixson > kontadixon)

(applies to both spanish and french) /r/ before a consonant is often deleted (barba > baba)

Grammar

Articles

Fuano has no indefinite particles. Singular definite particles are derived from French while plural definite particles are derived from Spanish, though they bear resemblance to the Portuguese plural definite particles due to the dropping of the initial /l/.

Masc. Fem.
Sing. le la
l'
Pl. os as

With de

When de is combined with an article, a new preposition is formed. These bear resemblance to their counterparts in Portuguese, though they are inherited from Spanish.

de
le del
la da
os dos
as das

With possessives

In French and Spanish, possessive pronouns are not preceded by articles. However, in Portuguese, they are. So Fuano combines these by not including articles if the possessive is singular, but including them if they're plural.

ma ta su notue votue luere
Word sapato Sing. ma sapato ta sapato su sapato le notue sapato le votue sapato le luere sapato
Pl. me sapatos te sapatos so sapatos os notues sapatos os votues sapatos os lueres sapatos
bolsa Sing. ma bolsa ta bolsa su bolsa la notue bolsa la votue bolsa la luere bolsa
Pl. me bolsas te bolsas so bolsas as notues bolsas as votues bolsas as lueres bolsas

Pronouns

Demonstrative

Fuano demonstrative pronouns are entirely inherited from Spanish, though the purposes of esto/eso and este/ese are swapped, while the distal demonstratives are entirely dropped.

Masc. Fem. Neut.
Prox. Sing. esto esta este
Pl. estos estas estes
Medial Sing. eso esa ese
Pl. esos esas eses

Personal

Person Singular Plural
nom. acc. nom. acc.
1. yo me nos nu
2. tu tue vos vu
Masc. el lue os
Neut. iel
Fem. ea eya (as)

as is bracketed to show that it is rarely used even in appropriate context. For example, though it would be grammatically correct to refer to a group of women or girls as as, a native speaker is realistically more likely to still refer them to as os out of convention.

vos holds the same purpose as French vous, in which it simultaneously acts as a plural and a formal second-person pronoun.

iel is a more modern pronoun borrowed from French to act as a gender neutral singular pronoun, similar to singular they in English. However, unlike its country of origin of France, iel has been widely embraced in common speech in Fuano, even by older native speakers.

The accusative forms are also used as vocative forms, as in Y lue, k'el pansa? "And him, what does he think?"

Possessives

Person Number (n.)
Singular Plural
1 Sing. ma me
Pl. notue notues
2 Sing. ta te
Pl. votue votues
M.
N. 		Sing. su se
Pl. luere lueres
F. Pl. (luare) (luares)

Luare and luares are once again bracketed to show that they are rarely used in even correct context.

The possessives can also be used as dative forms when placed after the noun, e.g. don la luere mesa "give their table" vs don la mesa luere "give the table to them"

References

  1. ^ Fuano: fuano, lan fuan; French: langue fouan; Spanish: el criollo fuano
  2. ^ Fuano: il fuan; French: Île-de-Fouan; Spanish: Isla del Fuano
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