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| name = Fuano
| name = Fuano
| nativename = fuano, lan fuan
| nativename = fuano, lan fuan
| pronunciation = fweno
| pronunciation = fwano
| speakers = 600,000
| speakers = 600,000
| date = 2024
| date = 2024
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| state = Fuano Island
| state = Fuano Island
| ethnicity= Fuano Creole people
| ethnicity= Fuano Creole people
| official = Democratic Republic of Fuinoa  
| official = Democratic Republic of Fuinoa<ref>{{fwn|Repulika Demogatika de Finoa|République Démocratique du Fuinon|República Democrática del Fuinoa}}</ref>
| agency = Academy of the Fuano Language<ref>{{fwn|Akademi da Lan Fuan|Académie de la Langue Fouan|Academia del Criollo Fuano}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''Fuano'''<ref>fuano: ''fuano'', ''lan fuan''; [[w:French language|French]]: ''langue fouan''; [[w:Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''idioma fuana''</ref> is a French and Spanish [[w:Mixed language|mixed language]] spoken natively on Fuano Island<ref>fuano: ''il fuan''; [[w:French language|French]]: ''Île-de-Fouan''; [[w:Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Isla del Fuano''</ref> by around 600,000 Fuanos.
'''Fuano'''<ref>Fuano: ''fuano'', ''lan fuan''; [[w:French language|French]]: ''langue fouan''; [[w:Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''el criollo fuano''</ref> is a [[w:French language|French]] and [[w:Spanish language|Spanish]] [[w:Mixed language|mixed language]](with some grammatical elements of [[w:Portuguese grammar|Portuguese]]) spoken natively on Fuano Island<ref>Fuano: ''il fuan''; [[w:French language|French]]: ''Île-de-Fouan''; [[w:Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Isla del Fuano''</ref> by around 600,000 Fuanos.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
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| || a ||
| || a ||
|}
|}
==Sound changes==
===Sound changes===
===From French===
====From French====
/ʁ/ after a consonant becomes /w/ (borrowed from [[w:Haitian Creole|Haitian Creole]])
/ʁ/ after a consonant becomes /w/ (borrowed from [[w:Haitian Creole|Haitian Creole]])
* (''fromage'' > ''fuomaj'')
* (''fromage'' > ''fuomaj'')
Line 57: Line 58:
* (''barbu'' > ''babu'')
* (''barbu'' > ''babu'')


/ʁ/ in any other position is usually deleted (apart from rue which becomes ru)
/ʁ/ in any other position is usually deleted (apart from ''rue'' which becomes ''ru'')
* (''racine'' > ''asin'')
* (''racine'' > ''asin'')


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/ɛ/ and /ɔ/ merɡe with /e/ and /o/, /wa/ becomes /we/
/ɛ/ and /ɔ/ merɡe with /e/ and /o/, /wa/ becomes /we/
* (''forêt'' > ''fore'', ''soirée'' > ''suere'')
* (''forêt'' > ''fore'', ''soirée'' > ''suere'')
====From Spanish====
/oj/ becomes /uj/
* (''estoy'' > ''estuy'',  ''doy'' > ''duy'', ''soy'' is an exception and remains the same)
/tra/ becomes /ta/
(''trabajo'' > ''tabaho'' > ''baho'')
/v/ and /b/ merge, /θjon~sjon/ becomes /son/
(''revolución'' > ''reboluson'')
/ks/ becomes /ʃ/
(''contradicción'' > ''kontadixson'' > ''kontadixon'')
(applies to both spanish and french) /r/ before a consonant is often deleted
(''barba'' > ''baba'')
==Grammar==
===Nouns===
====Number====
Fuano nouns can be turned plural in two ways, usually based on the origin of the word. If the word is of Spanish origin, such as ''mesa'' "table", an ''-s'' is simply added at the end to become ''mesas'' "tables". However, if the word is of French origin, an ''-i''(if ending in a consonant) or a ''-y''(if ending in a vowel) is concatenated, e.g. ''tapet'' "slap" > ''tapeti'' "slaps", ''dwa'' "a right" > ''dway'' "rights".
===Articles===
Fuano has no indefinite particles. Singular definite particles are derived from French while plural definite particles are derived from Spanish, though they bear resemblance to the [[w:Portuguese language|Portuguese]] plural definite particles due to the dropping of the initial /l/.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! !! Masc. !! Fem.
|-
! rowspan=2 | Sing.
| ''le'' || ''la''
|-
| colspan=2 | ''l'''
|-
! Pl.
| ''os'' || ''as''
|}
====With ''de''====
When ''de'' is combined with an article, a new preposition is formed. These bear resemblance to their counterparts in Portuguese, though they are inherited from Spanish.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! !! ''de''
|-
! ''le''
| ''del''
|-
! ''la''
| ''da''
|-
! ''os''
| ''dos''
|-
! ''as''
| ''das''
|}
====With possessives====
In French and Spanish, possessive pronouns are not preceded by articles. However, in Portuguese, they are. So Fuano combines these by not including articles if the possessive is singular, but including them if they're plural.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! colspan=3 | !! ''ma'' !! ''ta'' !! ''su'' !! ''notue'' !! ''votue'' !! ''luere''
|-
! rowspan=4 | Word
! rowspan=2 | ''sapato''<br>"shoe"
! Sing.
| ''ma sapato'' || ''ta sapato'' || ''su sapato'' || '''''le''' notue sapato'' || '''''le''' votue sapato'' || '''''le''' luere sapato''
|-
! Pl.
| ''me sapatos'' || ''te sapatos'' || ''se sapatos'' || '''''os''' notues sapatos'' || '''''os''' votues sapatos'' || '''''os''' lueres sapatos''
|-
! rowspan=2 | ''bolsa''<br>"handbag"
! Sing.
| ''ma bolsa'' || ''ta bolsa'' || ''su bolsa'' || '''''la''' notue bolsa'' || '''''la''' votue bolsa'' || '''''la''' luere bolsa''
|-
! Pl.
| ''me bolsas'' || ''te bolsas'' || ''se bolsas'' || '''''as''' notues bolsas'' || '''''as''' votues bolsas'' || '''''as''' lueres bolsas''
|}
===Pronouns===
==== Demonstrative====
Fuano demonstrative pronouns are entirely inherited from Spanish, though the purposes of ''esto''/''eso'' and ''este''/''ese'' are swapped, while the distal demonstratives are entirely dropped.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! colspan=2 | !! Masc. !! Fem. !! Neut.
|-
! rowspan=2 | Prox.
! Sing.
| ''esto'' || ''esta'' || ''este''
|-
! Pl.
| ''estos'' || ''estas'' || ''estes''
|-
! rowspan=2 | Medial
! Sing.
| ''eso'' || ''esa'' || ''ese''
|-
! Pl.
| ''esos'' || ''esas'' || ''eses''
|}
====Personal====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=2 | Singular !! colspan=2 | Plural
|-
! nom. !! acc. !! nom. !! acc.
|-
! 1.
| ''yo'' || ''me'' || ''nos'' || ''nu''
|-
! 2.
| ''tu'' || ''tue'' || ''vos'' || ''vu''
|-
! Masc.
| ''el'' || ''lue'' || rowspan=2 colspan=2 | ''os''
|-
! Neut.
| colspan=2 | ''iel''
|-
! Fem.
| ''ea'' || ''eya'' || colspan=2 | ''(as)''
|}
''as'' is bracketed to show that it is rarely used even in appropriate context. For example, though it would be grammatically correct to refer to a group of women or girls as ''as'', a native speaker is realistically more likely to still refer them to as ''os'' out of convention.
''vos'' holds the same purpose as French ''vous'', in which it simultaneously acts as a plural and a formal second-person pronoun.
''iel'' is a more modern pronoun borrowed from French to act as a gender neutral singular pronoun, similar to [[w:Singular they|singular they]] in English. However, unlike its country of origin of France, ''iel'' has been widely embraced in common speech in Fuano, even by older native speakers.
The accusative forms are also used as vocative forms, as in ''Y '''lue''', k'el pansa?'' "And '''him''', what does he think?"
====Possessives====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=2 | Number (n.)
|-
! Singular !! Plural
|-
! rowspan=2 | 1
! Sing.
| ''ma'' || ''me''
|-
! Pl.
| ''notue'' || ''notues''
|-
! rowspan=2 | 2
! Sing.
| ''ta'' || ''te''
|-
! Pl.
| ''votue'' || ''votues''
|-
! rowspan=2 | F.Sing<br>M.<br>N.
! Sing.
| ''su'' || ''se''
|-
! Pl.
| ''luere'' || ''lueres''
|-
! F.
! Pl.
| ''(luare)'' || ''(luares)''
|}
''Luare'' and ''luares'' are once again bracketed to show that they are rarely used in even correct context.
The possessives can also be used as dative forms when placed after the noun, e.g. ''don la '''luere''' mesa'' "give '''their''' table" vs ''don la mesa '''luere''''' "give the table '''to them'''"
==References==
==References==
[[Category:fuano]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:fuano]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]]
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