Oltic: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 20:58, 21 April 2025

Oltic
Λῦτικη, Литике
Pronunciation[lîtike]
Created byDillon Hartwig
Date2021
SettingOlt County, Romania; Pleven Province, Bulgaria
Early forms
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Oltic /ˈɔʊltɪk/ (Oltic: Λῦτικη, Литике [lîtike]) is a Celtic language spoken by the intersection of the rivers Olt and Danube.

Etymology

Oltic is from the English name of the river Olt.

Orthography

Oltic is written with the Greek and Cyrillic scripts.

Hellenic orthography
Α α Αι αι Β β Γ γ Γγ γγ Γλ γλ Γν γν Γρ γρ
/a/ /ɛ/ /v/ /ɣ,j/ /ᵑg,ⁿd͡ʑ/ /ʎ/ /ɲ/ /ʑ/
Γϝ γϝ Δ δ Ε ε Ει ει Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι
/ᵑgʷ,ⁿd͡ʑʷ/ /ð/ /e/ /e/ /z/ /ɛ/ /f/ /i,j,ɲ,∅/
Κ κ Γκ γκ Λ λ Μ μ Μβ μβ Μπ μπ Ν ν Νδ νδ
/k,t͡ɕ/ /ᵑg,ⁿd͡ʑ/ /l,ʎ/ /m/ /ᵐb/ /ᵐb/ /n,ɲ/ /ⁿd/
Ντ ντ Ξ ξ Ο ο Οι οι Ου ου Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ/ς
/ⁿd/ /xs/ /o̞/ /i/ /u/ /p/ /r,ʑ/ /s/
Τ τ Υ υ Υι υι Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω Ϝ ϝ
/t/ /i,f,m,v/ /i/ /f/ /x,ɕ/ /fs/ /o̞/ /ɣʷ,ɥ/
ά ᾶ ὰ Ϊ ϊ Ϋ ϋ
/á/ /â/ /ǎ/ /i,j/ /i,j/
Cyrillic orthography
А а В в Г г Гв гв Д д Ђ ђ Ђв ђв Е е Ж ж
/a/ /v/ /ɣ/ /ɣʷ/ /ð/ /ⁿd͡ʑ/ /ⁿd͡ʑʷ/ /e/ /ʑ/
З з И и Ј ј Јв јв К к Л л Љ љ М м Мб мб
/z/ /i/ /j/ /ɥ/ /k/ /l/ /ʎ/ /m/ /ᵐb/
Нв нв Нг нг Нд нд Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с
/ᵑgʷ/ /ᵑg/ /ⁿd/ /n/ /ɲ/ /o̞/ /p/ /r/ /s/
Т т Ћ ћ У у Ф ф Х х Ш ш Ѣ ѣ
/t/ /t͡ɕ/ /u/ /f/ /x/ /ɕ/ /ɛ/

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal m n ɲ
Stop p ᵐb t ⁿd t͡ɕ ⁿd͡ʑ ⁿd͡ʑʷ k ᵑg ᵑgʷ
Fricative f v s ð z ɕ ʑ x ɣ ɣʷ
Approximant l j ɥ ʎ
Trill r
  • /l/ is in free variation with [ɫ].
  • /r/ is in free variation with [ɾ].
  • Prenasalized consonants are plain phrase-initially and before consonants.
  • /sj,zj/ are variably realized as [ɕ,ʑ].

Vowels

Vowels
Front Back
High i u
Close-mid e o̞
Open-mid ɛ
Low a
  • /a/ is in free variation with [ɐ].
  • /i,u/ may be devoiced or elided after voiceless consonants.
  • /ɛ/ merges into /e/ after velar consonants.

Pitch accent

Tones
High Falling Rising
˥ ˥˩ ˩˥

Prosody

Stress is variable but in native words is word-initial or root-initial.

Phonotactics

Oltic maximal syllables are CCCVCC

Morphology

Alignment

Oltic has nominative-accusative morphosyntactic alignment.

Nouns

Nouns inflect for case and number, and are gendered masculine, feminine, or neuter.

masculine/feminine
o-stem
sg pl
nom -ος -οι
voc -ε
acc -ον -ους
gen -ι -ον
neuter
o-stem
sg pl
nom -ον -η
voc
acc
gen -ι -ον
masculine/feminine
ē-stem
sg pl
nom -η -ης
voc
acc -ην
gen -ης -ον
neuter
ē-stem
sg pl
nom -ης -ης
voc -η
acc -ην
gen -ης -ον
masculine/feminine
i-stem
sg pl
nom -ις -ις
voc -ι
acc -ιν
gen -εις -ιον
neuter
i-stem
sg pl
nom -ι -ιη
voc
acc
gen -εις -ιον
r-stem
sg pl
nom -ιρας -ιρες
voc
acc -ιραν -ιρης
gen -ιρος -ιρον
s-stem
sg pl
nom -ος -εσες
voc -ες -ες
acc -εσαν -εσης
gen -εσος -εσον
consonant-stem
sg pl
nom -ς/ξ -ες
voc
acc -αν -ης
gen -ος -ον

Final consonants in nominative singular consonant-stem nouns reduce as follows.

δ, ζ, θ, σ, τ -ς -ς
β, γ, κ, ξ, π, φ, χ, ψ, ϝ -ξ
λ, μ, ν, ρ -{λ/μ/ν/ρ}ς

Pronouns

Verbs

Adjectives

Adjectives agree with their head noun in case, number, gender, and definiteness. They may also be marked as comparative or superlative.

Negation

Numerals

Syntax

Constituent order

Oltic word order is flexible but predominantly SVO.

Noun and verb phrases

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1

Ωύλοι ζόνιοι χρίοι άπε αυκεῖντινοι δίγνιτης άπε κωὺραχτον γῆνοντο. Χρόδηντο μέγμαναν άπε κονθῶγνιγϝον άπε λίγοντο γνίοντοι σεῖ αῦρε βρῆτιι ὰνζι.

Овли зоњи хрии апе афћендини дињитѣс апе коврахтон генондо. Хродѣндо мегманан апе конфоњинвон апе логондо љионди се авре врѣтии анзи.

Ωύλ-οι

all-M.PL.NOM.DEF

ζόνι-οι

person-PL.NOM

χρί-οι

free-M.PL.NOM.DEF

άπε

and

αυκεῖντιν-οι

equal-M.PL.NOM.DEF

δίγνιτ-ης

dignity-SG.GEN

άπε

and

κωὺρ-αχτ-ον

right-NZ-PL.GEN

γῆν-οντο.

be_born-3PL.MID.PRES

Ωύλ-οι ζόνι-οι χρί-οι άπε αυκεῖντιν-οι δίγνιτ-ης άπε κωὺρ-αχτ-ον γῆν-οντο.

all-M.PL.NOM.DEF person-PL.NOM free-M.PL.NOM.DEF and equal-M.PL.NOM.DEF dignity-SG.GEN and right-NZ-PL.GEN be_born-3PL.MID.PRES


Χρόδ-ηντο

give-3PL.MID.PRES

μέγμ-αναν

mind-SG.ACC

άπε

and

κονθῶγνιγϝ-ον

conscience-SG.ACC

άπε

and

λίγ-οντο

should-3PL.MID.PRES

γνί-οντ-οι

do-PRES.PTCP-M.PL.NOM.DEF

σεῖ

3.RECP

αῦρε

with

βρῆτ-ι-ι

brother-NZ-SG.GEN

ὰνζ-ι.

spirit-SG.GEN

Χρόδ-ηντο μέγμ-αναν άπε κονθῶγνιγϝ-ον άπε λίγ-οντο γνί-οντ-οι σεῖ αῦρε βρῆτ-ι-ι ὰνζ-ι.

give-3PL.MID.PRES mind-SG.ACC and conscience-SG.ACC and should-3PL.MID.PRES do-PRES.PTCP-M.PL.NOM.DEF 3.RECP with brother-NZ-SG.GEN spirit-SG.GEN

Linguifex-hosted translations

Conlang Atlas of Language Structures-hosted translations

Other resources

CALS

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