Rose Island Creole: Difference between revisions

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~~{{construction}}~~

{{infobox language

| name = Rose Island Creole

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| speakers = 145,000

| date = 2024

| speakers2 = <small>(As of 2022, the number of Rose Island Creole native speakers has surpassed those of [[~~w:Esperanto|~~Esperanto]].)</small>

| speakers2 = <small>(As of 2022, the number of Rose Island Creole native speakers has surpassed those of [[Esperanto]].)</small>

| familycolor = Mixed

| fam1 = Esperanto Creole

| fam1 = [[Esperanto]]

| state = ~~Republic of~~ Rose Island

| fam2 = Esperanto Creole

| state = [[File:Rose Island Micronation flag.svg|24px]]

Rose Island

| official = [[File:Rose Island Micronation flag.svg|24px]]

Rose Island

| notice = ipa

}}

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The language emerged during the Second Great Migration(Rose Island Creole: ''waslo la''; Esperanto: ''La dua granda alveno''), a period between 1981-1994 where thousands of migrants from across the world arrived in the rapidly expanding and economically developing Republic of Rose Island, where contact between primarily already Esperantist inhabitants with the vastly non-Esperantist new arrivals led to the need for a [[w:Pidgin language|pidgin language]] to facilitate communication. Vocabulary is derived from many sources, with standard Esperanto making a surprisingly small ~25% of it. The grammar is also completely unique from Esperanto and takes inspiration from many sources, though some have noticed similarities with [[w:Haitian Creole|Haitian Creole]]. As such, Rose Island Creole is mostly mutually unintelligible with standard Esperanto.

==Phonology==

===Consonants===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar

|-

! Plosive

| p b || || t d || || || k g

|-

! Nasal

| m || (ɱ) || n || || ɲ || ŋ

|-

! Fricative

| colspan=2 | f v || s z || ʒ || ||

|-

! Affricate

| || || t͡s~d͡z || t͡ʃ (d͡ʒ) || ||

|-

! Semivowel

| w || || r || || j ||

|-

! Lateral approximant

| || || l || || ||

|}

/t͡s/ and /d͡z/ exist in free variation, while /dʒ/ is an allophone of /ʒ/ after /n/. /r/ also exists as a phoneme, but its pronunciation is incredibly variable among Creole speakers. At the very least, it has been attested as an alveolar trill /r/, an alveolar tap /ɾ/, an alveolar approximant /ɹ/, the retroflex tap /ɽ/, the retroflex approximant /ɻ/, uvular trills /ʀ/ or voiced fricatives /ʁ/, and in some cases(particularly with families of Korean and Japanese origin) merging with /l/, particularly in initial positions(''rejo la'' "king" [rejo] > [lejo]). At the most extreme, in the Progmarola dialect, /r/ in non-initial positions is often dropped entirely, as in ''krjolo'' [krjolo] > [kjolo].

===Vowels===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

! !! Front !! Back

|-

! Close

| i || u

|-

! Mid

| e || o

|-

! Open

| colspan=2 | a

|}

==Grammar==

===Word order===

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====Possession====

To indicate possession(''~~pes~~'')

There are two ways to indicate possession(''pesejo'') in Creole. First, the article ''a'' can be placed before the possessor, as in:

: '''''A''' mi butejo''

: "'''My''' bottle"

The second way is by simply placing the possessor after the head, as in:

: ''Butejo mi''

: "My bottle"

===Pronouns===

====Pro-dropping====

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: "[I] '''will be''' late."

''Ei'' is also used to mark the [[w:Participle|passive participle]], as in ''mi levya'' "I am rising" and ''mi '''a''' levya'' "''lit.'' I am being risen; I am being carried upwards". In all other cases, copula is dropped, as in:

: ''~~Vetero~~ la adka, ~~ĉelo~~ la ~~blwa~~.''

: ''Tempo la adka, blujo la blua.''

: "The weather is warm, the sky is blue."

====Existential verb====

The existential("there is") verb in Creole is ''pes'', which is also used to mean "to have"(derived from Esperanto ''posedi'' "to possess"). For example:

: '''''Pes''' ~~jundo~~ ci la.''

: '''''Pes''' ingxo ci la.''

: "'''There''' is a dog there."

==Vocabulary==

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

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| Petu || Bonvolu || Please

|-

| ~~Ĉao~~ || rowspan=3 | Adiaŭ || rowspan=3 | Bye

| Cxao || rowspan=3 | Adiaŭ || rowspan=3 | Bye

|-

| ~~Ĉus~~

| Cxus

|-

| ~~Ĉan~~

| Cxan

|-

| ~~Yo pli~~ tad! || Ĝis revido! || See you later!

| Lo pi tad! || Ĝis revido! || See you later!

|-

| O tad || Mi malfruos || I will be late

|-

| ~~Bon~~ nok || Bonan nokton || Good night

| Bo nok || Bonan nokton || Good night

|-

| rowspan=2 | ~~Bon maten~~ || Bonan matenon || Good morning

| rowspan=2 | Bo matem || Bonan matenon || Good morning

|-

| Bonan tagon || Good day

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==Example texts==

Article 1 of the [[w:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in {{#if: {{{lang}}}|{{PAGENAME}}|{{{lang}}}}}:

: ''~~Cuje~~ womo nacit ~~libelib~~ k wotuwotu na garimo k na je rajto. Li je pes gwotejo k migwotejo k dun kopat lo ala na a fradewa swolo.''

: ''Je womo nacit lib k wotuwotu na garimo k na rajto. Li je pes gwotejo k migwotejo k dun kopat lo ala na a fradewa swolo.''

Article 1 of the [[w:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in [[Esperanto]]:

: ''Ĉiuj homoj estas denaske liberaj kaj egalaj laŭ digno kaj rajtoj. Ili posedas racion kaj konsciencon, kaj devus konduti unu al alia en spirito de frateco.''

Article 1 of the [[w:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in [[w:English language|English]]:

: ''All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''

[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Creole languages]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{construction}}
 {{infobox language
 | name = Rose Island Creole
@@ Line 11: / Line 10: @@
 | speakers = 145,000
 | date = 2024
-| speakers2 = <small>(As of 2022, the number of Rose Island Creole native speakers has surpassed those of [[w:Esperanto|Esperanto]].)</small>
+| speakers2 = <small>(As of 2022, the number of Rose Island Creole native speakers has surpassed those of [[Esperanto]].)</small>
 | familycolor = Mixed
-| fam1 = Esperanto Creole
+| fam1 = [[Esperanto]]
-| state = Republic of Rose Island
+| fam2 = Esperanto Creole
+| state = [[File:Rose Island Micronation flag.svg|24px]]
+Rose Island
+| official = [[File:Rose Island Micronation flag.svg|24px]]
+Rose Island
 | notice = ipa
 }}
@@ Line 21: / Line 24: @@
 The language emerged during the Second Great Migration(Rose Island Creole: ''waslo la''; Esperanto: ''La dua granda alveno''), a period between 1981-1994 where thousands of migrants from across the world arrived in the rapidly expanding and economically developing Republic of Rose Island, where contact between primarily already Esperantist inhabitants with the vastly non-Esperantist new arrivals led to the need for a [[w:Pidgin language|pidgin language]] to facilitate communication. Vocabulary is derived from many sources, with standard Esperanto making a surprisingly small ~25% of it. The grammar is also completely unique from Esperanto and takes inspiration from many sources, though some have noticed similarities with [[w:Haitian Creole|Haitian Creole]]. As such, Rose Island Creole is mostly mutually unintelligible with standard Esperanto.
+==Phonology==
+===Consonants===
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
+! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar
+|-
+! Plosive
+| p b || || t d || || || k g
+|-
+! Nasal
+| m || (ɱ) || n || || ɲ || ŋ
+|-
+! Fricative
+| colspan=2 | f v || s z || ʒ || ||
+|-
+! Affricate
+| || || t͡s~d͡z || t͡ʃ (d͡ʒ) || ||
+|-
+! Semivowel
+| w || || r || || j ||
+|-
+! Lateral approximant
+| || || l || || ||
+|}
+/t͡s/ and /d͡z/ exist in free variation, while /dʒ/ is an allophone of /ʒ/ after /n/. /r/ also exists as a phoneme, but its pronunciation is incredibly variable among Creole speakers. At the very least, it has been attested as an alveolar trill /r/, an alveolar tap /ɾ/, an alveolar approximant /ɹ/, the retroflex tap /ɽ/, the retroflex approximant /ɻ/, uvular trills /ʀ/ or voiced fricatives /ʁ/, and in some cases(particularly with families of Korean and Japanese origin) merging with /l/, particularly in initial positions(''rejo la'' "king" [rejo] > [lejo]). At the most extreme, in the Progmarola dialect, /r/ in non-initial positions is often dropped entirely, as in ''krjolo'' [krjolo] > [kjolo].
+===Vowels===
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
+! !! Front !! Back
+|-
+! Close
+| i || u
+|-
+! Mid
+| e || o
+|-
+! Open
+| colspan=2 | a
+|}
 ==Grammar==
 ===Word order===
@@ Line 49: / Line 90: @@
 ====Possession====
-To indicate possession(''pes'')
+There are two ways to indicate possession(''pesejo'') in Creole. First, the article ''a'' can be placed before the possessor, as in:
+: '''''A''' mi butejo''
+: "'''My''' bottle"
+The second way is by simply placing the possessor after the head, as in:
+: ''Butejo mi''
+: "My bottle"
 ===Pronouns===
 ====Pro-dropping====
@@ Line 122: / Line 169: @@
 : "[I] '''will be''' late."
 ''Ei'' is also used to mark the [[w:Participle|passive participle]], as in ''mi levya'' "I am rising" and ''mi '''a''' levya'' "''lit.'' I am being risen; I am being carried upwards". In all other cases, copula is dropped, as in:
-: ''Vetero la adka, ĉelo la blwa.''
+: ''Tempo la adka, blujo la blua.''
 : "The weather is warm, the sky is blue."
 ====Existential verb====
 The existential("there is") verb in Creole is ''pes'', which is also used to mean "to have"(derived from Esperanto ''posedi'' "to possess"). For example:
-: '''''Pes''' jundo ci la.''
+: '''''Pes''' ingxo ci la.''
 : "'''There''' is a dog there."
 ==Vocabulary==
 {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
@@ Line 138: / Line 187: @@
 | Petu || Bonvolu || Please
 |-
-| Ĉao || rowspan=3 | Adiaŭ || rowspan=3 | Bye
+| Cxao || rowspan=3 | Adiaŭ || rowspan=3 | Bye
 |-
-| Ĉus
+| Cxus
 |-
-| Ĉan
+| Cxan
 |-
-| Yo pli tad! || Ĝis revido! || See you later!
+| Lo pi tad! || Ĝis revido! || See you later!
 |-
 | O tad || Mi malfruos || I will be late
 |-
-| Bon nok || Bonan nokton || Good night
+| Bo nok || Bonan nokton || Good night
 |-
-| rowspan=2 | Bon maten || Bonan matenon || Good morning
+| rowspan=2 | Bo matem || Bonan matenon || Good morning
 |-
 | Bonan tagon || Good day
@@ Line 167: / Line 216: @@
 ==Example texts==
 Article 1 of the [[w:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in {{#if: {{{lang}}}|{{PAGENAME}}|{{{lang}}}}}:
-: ''Cuje womo nacit libelib k wotuwotu na garimo k na je rajto. Li je pes gwotejo k migwotejo k dun kopat lo ala na a fradewa swolo.''
+: ''Je womo nacit lib k wotuwotu na garimo k na rajto. Li je pes gwotejo k migwotejo k dun kopat lo ala na a fradewa swolo.''
+Article 1 of the [[w:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in [[Esperanto]]:
+: ''Ĉiuj homoj estas denaske liberaj kaj egalaj laŭ digno kaj rajtoj. Ili posedas racion kaj konsciencon, kaj devus konduti unu al alia en spirito de frateco.''
 Article 1 of the [[w:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in [[w:English language|English]]:
 : ''All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''
 [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Creole languages]]