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Bźatga: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | |||
|name = Bratan | |||
|nativename = Bźatga | |||
|pronunciation = ˈbʒat.gɐ | |||
|creator = Neil Whalley | |||
|setting = Vesha Islands (Veśŕa) | |||
|states = Vesha Islands | |||
|familycolor = Indo-European | |||
|fam2= [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] | |||
|fam3= [[Insular Celtic]] | |||
|fam4= [[Brythonic]] | |||
|ancestor= [[Common Brythonic]] | |||
|script1 = Latn | |||
|image = Bzatga.png | |||
|imagesize = 200px | |||
|imagecaption = The Vesha Islands | |||
}} | |||
'''Bźatga''' (/ˈbʒatgɐ/) is an Indo-European language spoken by the people of ''Veśŕa'', or the ''Ensva Veśru'', an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean which includes ''Ǎĺêsa'' and its neighbouring islands. According to the people of these islands, the language came with their ancestors from a land called ''Prêńa'' along with a knowledge of metalworking and the sacred horse. | '''Bźatga''' (/ˈbʒatgɐ/) is an Indo-European language spoken by the people of ''Veśŕa'', or the ''Ensva Veśru'', an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean which includes ''Ǎĺêsa'' and its neighbouring islands. According to the people of these islands, the language came with their ancestors from a land called ''Prêńa'' along with a knowledge of metalworking and the sacred horse. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
===External History=== | |||
====Arrival==== | |||
Veśŕa was previously uninhabited until speakers of Bźatga arrived in in the first century AD, having escaped from civil war and the threat of Roman occupation in their homeland of Prêńa (i.e. Britain). According to tradition, they were brought here by a man named ''Venģa'', who became first king of the islands. | |||
Before his exile, Venģa had been married to ''Cratvadva'', the queen of the Bźați tribe, whose alliance with the ''Rouńi'' (Romans) after AD 43 caused tension within her tribe that led to rebellion and eventually civil war. Venģa led the anti-Roman faction and set up a rival court in the western territories that were under the control of subordinate tribe, the ''Setći''. | |||
After two decades, in AD 69, Venģa ousted Cratvadva, prompting the Rouńi to march on the Bźați capital. Venģa was forced back into the west and, facing a full-scale Roman invasion of the territory, set sail with a large number of his supporters to seek refuge from his northern neighbours. | |||
None of the tribes of western Prêńa were willing to give shelter to the rebels and, having been rejected by the ''Euzagi'' within the Western Isles, they turned south towards Ireland. But strong winds blew them westward to a place called ''Akva'' (possibly meaning 'island of death'), which was inhabited but far too small to support the exiles. Continuing on their journey, apparently guided by the goddess Bźaća and the the god Nôźta, they eventually landed on the uninhabited island of Ǎĺêsa, the easternmost and largest of the islands of Veśŕa. | |||
The exiles landed and chose to settle. The islands they had discovered were large, fertile and untouched by man. The initial settlement was around the bay of ''Margana'' and Venģa established his court at ''Ogla''. | |||
====Establisment==== | |||
Establishing a new life on Veśŕa was not easy. The islands had no native land mammals and were heavily wooded in many places. It is not clear whether the earliest settlers came with domesticated animals onboard their boats, or whether these were obtained from neighbouring lands by force or exchange. It seems likely that in the early years, several return trips were made to Prêńa to bring livestock, materials and people. However, once the colony was established it seems it remained isolated and any knowledge of Veśŕa among those left in the homeland was lost. | |||
Only a small part of Ǎĺêsa was colonised | |||
===Internal History=== | |||
The development of Bźatga is divided into four periods: | The development of Bźatga is divided into four periods: | ||
* '''Proto-Bźatga''' [''*Briɣantigoh''] (1st–8th centuries) begins with the split from Common Brittonic in the late 1st century AD to the earliest written records in the early 8th century. Though the language is unattested, its development can be adduced. The most important developments during this period were the loss of nasals before other consonants + compensatory lengthening (e.g. Brit. ''*pempe'' > PBz ''*pɛːpe''), the development of new rising diphthongs (e.g. Brit. ''*cɛːton'' > PBz. ''*ciada'') and the falling together of the 1st and 2nd declensions, along with the loss of marked gender (e.g. Brit. ''*wiros, banonā'' > PBz. ''vira, banona''). | * '''Proto-Bźatga''' [''*Briɣantigoh''] (1st–8th centuries) begins with the split from Common Brittonic in the late 1st century AD to the earliest written records in the early 8th century. Though the language is unattested, its development can be adduced. The most important developments during this period were the loss of nasals before other consonants + compensatory lengthening (e.g. Brit. ''*pempe'' > PBz ''*pɛːpe''), the development of new rising diphthongs (e.g. Brit. ''*cɛːton'' > PBz. ''*ciada'') and the falling together of the 1st and 2nd declensions, along with the loss of marked gender (e.g. Brit. ''*wiros, banonā'' > PBz. ''vira, banona''). | ||
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|name = aų | |name = aų | ||
|languagecount = 1}} | |languagecount = 1}} | ||
===Norse=== | |||
The majority of Norse borrowings are related to sailing and the sea. E.g. ''ave'' "haaf net", ''acre'' "anchor", ''bata'' "boat", ''brêzenga'' "cargo ship", ''crave'' "galley", ''ńora'' "trading ship", ''ścuta'' "small boat", ''lôna'' "roller", ''vlote'' "fleet", ''ronga'' "ships rib", ''ścêpe'' "ship", ''ścauta'' "corner of sheet or sail", ''śtava'' "stay rope, guy rope", ''ĺutinga'' "stern", ''evela'' "rope for raising sail", ''sese'' "mate, companion, shipmate, comrade". | |||
Some topographic words have been borrowed, particularly those relating to the sea or coast: ''boze'' "breaker, rock in sea", ''ĺeta'' "sea cliff, rock", ''ôse'' "river mouth", ''êźe'' "isthmus", ''ścere'' "skerry, scar" | |||
Words relating to trade and commerce often come from Norse: ''bêzmare'' "scales, balance", ''buza'' "stall, shop", ''caupa'' "trade, business", ''caupma'' (4) "merchant, trader, businessman", ''trela'' "(foreign) slave", | |||
Some words related to governance have been borrowed: ''rama'' (4) "steward, manager, officer", ''źala'' "leader, prince, chief", | |||
A surprising number of insults also more colourful words have also been borrowed: ''bleźa'' "coward", ''ścola'' "mockery, insult, taunting", ''śraka'' "vagabond, vagrant, suspicious person", ''crelenga'' "hag, witch, old woman", ''nizinga'' "wretch, villain'. | |||
==Personal Names== | ==Personal Names== | ||