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|setting=
|setting=
|stand1=Varhúsnorsk
|stand1=Varhúsnorsk
|dia1=Nygadsnorsk (Western)
|dia1=[[Nygadsnorsk]] (Western)
|dia2=Jugsnorsk (Eastern)
|dia2=[[Jugsnorsk]] (Eastern)
|familycolor=Indo-European
|familycolor=Indo-European
|nation=Húsnorsk republic, Russia
|nation=Húsnorsk republic, Russia
Line 29: Line 29:
|speakers2=(L2) 50,000-100,000
|speakers2=(L2) 50,000-100,000
|date=2018
|date=2018
|agency=The Húsnorsk Academy (Hússnorsksakademin) <small>(Unrecognized)</small>
|agency=The Húsnorsk Academy (Húsanorskakademī) <small>(Unrecognized)</small>
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}


[[Húsnorsk]] (/husnorsk/; [[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Húsanorska''; Varhúsnorsk: /xuː.sa.nor.ska/; Nygadsnorsk: /xuː.sa.nor.ska/; Jugsnorsk: [xʊu̯.sɐ.nor.skɐ]) is a distinct Nordic language (or possibly two closely related languages), it is so named "House Norse" for its historical vernacular status. Húsnorsk has long been considered the continuation of the Norse spoken by the Varangians. Húsnorsk is considered decently divergent for a Nordic language, often being unintelligible to the others (Take Varhúsnorsk /au̯dj/ Nygadsnorsk /ɔ:dj/, Jugsnorsk /o̞udʲ/ vs Swedish /al/, Danish /ælˀ/, Icelandic /atlʏr/, and Old West Norse /ɑlːr̩/, Old East Norse /ɑlːʀ/)
[[Húsnorsk]] (/husnorsk/; [[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Húsanorska''; Varhúsnorsk: /xuː.sa.nor.ska/; Nygadsnorsk: /xuː.sa.nor.ska/; Jugsnorsk: [xʊu̯.sɐ.nor.kʰɐ]) is a distinct Nordic language (or possibly two closely related languages), it is so named "House Norse" for its historical vernacular status. Húsnorsk has long been considered the continuation of the Norse spoken by the Varangians. Húsnorsk is considered decently divergent for a Nordic language, often being unintelligible to the others (Take Varhúsnorsk /au̯dj/ Nygadsnorsk /ɔ:dj/, Jugsnorsk /o̞udʲ/ vs Swedish /al/, Danish /ælˀ/, Icelandic /atlʏr/, and Old West Norse /ɑlːr̩/, Old East Norse /ɑlːʀ/)


While Nygadsnorsk and Jugsnorsk are often considered dialects of Húsnorsk, they are divergent enough to be difficult to communicate between, where Varhúsnorsk (or Standard Húsnorsk; Geneologically ''Common Húsnorsk'') is also distinct enough from both to be unintelligible. This article will present all three in detail side-by-side as if in comparison to each other.
While Nygadsnorsk and Jugsnorsk are often considered dialects of Húsnorsk, they are divergent enough to be difficult to communicate between, where Varhúsnorsk (or Standard Húsnorsk; Geneologically ''Common Húsnorsk'') is also distinct enough from both to be unintelligible. As such, all three will be split into separate articles, this article will focus on Varhúsnorsk, with minimal coverage of the others.
==History==
==History==
===Early Húsnorsk (1100AD~1350AD)===
===Early Húsnorsk (1100AD~1350AD)===
Line 57: Line 57:




In the early 1770's, a large exodus of Húsnorsk from Novgorod began, likely spurred on by the [[w:1770-1772 Russian plague|Russian plague]], these fleeing families would move east, into [[w:Siberia|Siberia]] (So-called "Jugą" by the Húsnorsk, from Russian [[w:Yugra|Yugra]]). These Húsnorsk were once called "Plýggnorską" ("Fleeing Norse"), though this is a [[w:pejorative|pejorative]], and they are now called "Jugsnorską" ("Yugra's Norse").
In the early 1770's, a large exodus of Húsnorsk from Novgorod began, likely spurred on by the [[w:1770-1772 Russian plague|Russian plague]], these fleeing families would move east, into [[w:Siberia|Siberia]] (So-called "Jugra" by the Húsnorsk, from Russian [[w:Yugra|Yugra]]). These Húsnorsk were once called "Plýggnorska" ("Fleeing Norse"), though this is a [[w:pejorative|pejorative]], and they are now called "Jugsnorsk" ("Yugra's Norse").


===Modern Húsnorsk (1850AD~Today)===
===Modern Húsnorsk (1850AD~Today)===
Modern Húsnorsk is still spoken around its historic homeland of Novgorod, as of the 1940's the region has been officially organized into the Húsnorsk republic, where Húsnorsk acts as the official language, with both Old Norse and Old Church Slavonic being treated as official liturgical languages.
Modern Húsnorsk is still spoken around its historic homeland of Novgorod, as of the 1940's the region has been officially organized into the Húsnorsk republic, where Húsnorsk acts as the official language, with both Old Norse and Old Church Slavonic being treated as official liturgical languages.


As of 1973, Húsnorsk has been overseen by the largely unrecognized, though respected, Hússnorsksakademin, who are attempting to gain more international recognition so they can work with the UN to offer Húsnorsk translations of many of the documents. They've also worked with both theologists and linguists to created modern translations of ancient Norse religious texts, as many of the Húsnorsk still follow Norse Heathenry, the most major among these is a [[Húsnorsk Eddas|translation of the Eddas]] and a [[Húsnorsk Hávamál|translation of the Hávamál]].
As of 1973, Húsnorsk has been overseen by the largely unrecognized, though respected, Húsanorskakademī, who are attempting to gain more international recognition so they can work with the UN to offer Húsnorsk translations of many of the documents. They've also worked with both theologists and linguists to created modern translations of ancient Norse religious texts, as many of the Húsnorsk still follow Norse Heathenry, the most major among these is a translation of the Eddas and a translation of the Hávamál.


Húsnorsk is currently considered vulnerable by UNESCO, as resources for learning it are lacking at best. As can be gathered from the L2 population, Húsnorsk resources are generally sparse, poor quality, or difficult to parse, and almost all of the easily accessible and high quality resources for it are in Russian. Another issue that motivated this decision is the general lack of recognition Húsnorsk recieves, stating that:
Húsnorsk is currently considered vulnerable by UNESCO, as resources for learning it are lacking at best. As can be gathered from the L2 population, Húsnorsk resources are generally sparse, poor quality, or difficult to parse, and almost all of the easily accessible and high quality resources for it are in Russian. Another issue that motivated this decision is the general lack of recognition Húsnorsk recieves, stating that:
<blockquote>Even ''within'' its homeland, Húsnorsk is rarely acknowledged, this may be influenced by the fact that Húsnorsk has a stable,  but relatively small, native population, meaning both that they don't need to advocate for support nor does it recieve much attention from any circle except the Nordo-sphere. [emphasis added]</blockquote>
<blockquote>Even ''within'' its homeland, Húsnorsk is rarely acknowledged, this may be influenced by the fact that Húsnorsk has a stable but relatively small native population, meaning both that they do not need to advocate for support nor does it recieve much attention from any circle except the Nordo-sphere. [emphasis added]</blockquote>


==Development==
==Development==
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The following are the reconstructed phonological and grammatical changes between Old West Norse and Húsnorsk. Grammatical changes will be italicized..
The following are the reconstructed phonological and grammatical changes between Old West Norse and Húsnorsk. Grammatical changes will be italicized..


===Varhúsnorsk===
*/ar/ to /ɐ/.
*/ar/ to /ɐ/.
*/xʷ/ to /x/, the lost labialization affects the vowel, rounding or raising vowels.
*/xʷ/ to /x/, the lost labialization affects the vowel, rounding or raising vowels.
*''Masculine a-stems reformed to all end in -ʀ regardless of final consonant (Before /ʀ/ > /j/ due to some recorded misspellings)''
*/ʀ/ to /j/
*/ʀ/ to /j/
*/Vl/ to /Vu̯/, but /Vl:/ to /Vu̯d/ (where /V/ is any vowel, /ul/ to /uː/)
*/Vl/ to /Vu̯/, but /Vl:/ to /Vu̯d/ (where /V/ is any vowel, /ul/ to /uː/), syllabic /l/ seemingly remains.
*/mb, nd, ŋg/ to /bː, dː, gː/
*/mb, nd, ŋg/ to /bː, dː, gː/
*''Dual pronouns lost? (The timing is uncertain, but it happened relatively early on)''
*''Dual pronouns lost? (The timing is uncertain, but it happened relatively early on)''
*/rn, rm/ to /tn, pm/
*/rn, rm/ to /tn, pm/
*/v/ to /b/ before approximants (/f/ > /p/ only occurs word initially, as it was [v] elsewhere)
*/v/ to /b/ before approximants (/f/ > /p/ only occurs word initially, as it was [v] elsewhere)
*/l̩/ to /ul/, spelling doesn't change though (/gl̩/ seems to instead go to [ɣl])
*/fp, vb/ to /pː, bː/
*/fp, vb/ to /pː, bː/
*''Dative leveled to -i/-inū/-ū/-unū.''
*/ð, ɣ/ lost between two sonorants (/r, l, n, m, j, w/, but for some reason not OEN ʀ, which had merged with /j/ at this point)
*/ð, ɣ/ lost between two sonorants (/r, l, n, m, j, w/, but for some reason not OEN ʀ, which had merged with /j/ at this point)
*<sup>?</sup> /st/ to /s/ after consonants, especially nasals
*<sup>?</sup> /st/ to /s/ after consonants, especially nasals
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*Devoicing of stops in contact with /s/
*Devoicing of stops in contact with /s/
*/-u̯/ to /-y̯/ after round vowels (so /øu/ > /øy/)
*/-u̯/ to /-y̯/ after round vowels (so /øu/ > /øy/)
*''Past participle leveled to -ðj''


===Nygadsnorsk===
===Nygadsnorsk===
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**Diphthong flattening continues after with /-j/. (thus "alr" becomes "œ" /œː/)
**Diphthong flattening continues after with /-j/. (thus "alr" becomes "œ" /œː/)
*/θ, ð/ to /t, d/
*/θ, ð/ to /t, d/
*''Genitive singular leveled to -s and -sins.''
*''Genitive singular leveled to -s and -sís.''
*''Dative singular leveled to -i and -inum.''
*syllabic /l/ to /ul/
*/sː/ to /ts/ when occupying coda only
*/sː/ to /ts/ when occupying coda only
*Word initial /x/ to /k/ when not in a cluster (Unknown why this is inconsistent, though it seems to happen more before long vowels)
*Word initial /x/ to /k/ when not in a cluster (Unknown why this is inconsistent, though it seems to happen more before long vowels)
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*/Cj/ > /Cʲ/ (/k, g, x, n, l/ to palatal)
*/Cj/ > /Cʲ/ (/k, g, x, n, l/ to palatal)
*/ɣ/ to /g/
*/ɣ/ to /g/
*/w, v/ merge to /ʋ/
*/w, v/ merge to /ʋ/ except word initially
*''The widespread use of -ki and -isti as pejorative and laudative suffixes leads to their reduction and development into grammatical forms''
*Vowel shifts:
*Vowel shifts:
**Overlong to plain long
**Overlong to plain long
**Mid-highs and mid-lows merge (affects nasals)
**Mid-highs and mid-lows merge (affects nasals), short /ɛ/ merges with /a/ though.
**Unstressed shifts:
**Unstressed shifts:
***Short: /i, e, y, ø, u, o, a/ > /ɪ, ɛ, ʏ, œ, ʊ, ɔ, ɐ/
***Short: /i, e, y, ø, u, o, a/ > /ɪ, ɛ, ʏ, œ, ʊ, ɔ, ɐ/
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**Nasal vowels to long, long nasals to overlong. (nasals unaffected by the other vowel shifts)
**Nasal vowels to long, long nasals to overlong. (nasals unaffected by the other vowel shifts)
*Consonants followed by /f, s/ become aspirated.
*Consonants followed by /f, s/ become aspirated.
*The odd /gl̩/ (still [ɣl]) becomes /i̯l/
*/Vbl̩, Vdl̩, Vgl̩/ to /u̯l, l, i̯l/, [ʎ] ("lj") is still treated as /lj/, so "ablj" [a.bʎ̩] becomes [au̯ʎ]
 
*initial jV-/wV- assimilation.
 
**Not all speakers have wV- assimilation, those that don't finish the w/v merger.
 
*/sC/ to /Cʰ/, likely through intermediate /ʰC/
at some point after -ðr-/-nn- leveling, both turn nasal vowels into long vowels.
*(not all speakers) in some of the more common verbs, geminates are reduced to approximates/fricatives
**"-pp-, -bb-" > "-v-"
**"-tt-, -dd-" > "-ð-"
**"-kk-, -gg-" > "-j-"


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
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Within the "long" class is also overlongs that are exceedingly rare, occurring from Old Norse /VːN/, to Varhúsnorsk /Ṽː/, then modern /Vːː/.
Within the "long" class is also overlongs that are exceedingly rare, occurring from Old Norse /VːN/, to Varhúsnorsk /Ṽː/, then modern /Vːː/.


There also exists a diphthong /au̯/, written as "au" or "av", this occurs before consonants or word finally, as in "jaun"/"javn" /jau̯n/. this is distinct from "á", which is /ɐu̯/ or /a/, where "au" is ''always'' /au/, regardless stress.
/ɛ, ɔ/ also exist in stressed syllables as standalone sounds, but are rather rare, occuring from initial jV/wV assimilation (see "vatn"/"ǫtn" and "jaun"/"ęun"). There are also diphthongs formed from /Vi, Vu/ that aren't in the table, these occur from various sources.


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
===Varhúsnorsk===
===Nygadsnorsk===
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan=3 | Húmgąds Alphabet
! colspan=2 |  
|-
|-
! Letter
! Letter
Line 634: Line 641:
|}
|}


===Jugsnorsk===
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Jugs Alphabet
! colspan=2 |  
|-
|-
! Letter
! Letter
Line 722: Line 730:
| ʏy
| ʏy
|-
|-
| (Z z)¹
| (Z z)
| tʰ
| tʰ
|-
|-
Line 738: Line 746:
|}
|}


#Often written "th", but some still use "z"
Acutes stand for diphthongs (old longs) and macrons stand for long vowels (new longs), there also exists vowels with both standing for overlongs.


In Jugsnorsk, acutes stand for diphthongs (old longs) and macrons stand for long vowels (new longs), there also exists vowels with both standing for overlongs.
Many Old Norse conventions are still used in handwriting, especially by the highly literate, such as:
 
In Jugsnorsk, many Old Norse conventions are still used in handwriting, especially by the highly literate, such as:
:"v" as vend ("ꝩ") and a y with a tittle (looking like vend + dot, "ꝩ̇")
:"v" as vend ("ꝩ") and a y with a tittle (looking like vend + dot, "ꝩ̇")
:A macron-like diacritic for a following nasal (eg. "ū" for "um")
:Writing "i" above the previous letter or as superscript, especially after vowels (and v)
:Long s is still used
:Long s is still used
:Dotless i ("i" is also often used in place of "j")
:Dotless i ("i" is also often used in place of "j")
Line 751: Line 755:
:Shorthand (such as "⁊" and "ᛘ")
:Shorthand (such as "⁊" and "ᛘ")
:Use of a "zig-zag" for "er" and "ir" (such as "ꝩ͛a" for "vera"). Sometimes you may see it alone standing for "er", here it's larger, looking like the rune "ᛋ"
:Use of a "zig-zag" for "er" and "ir" (such as "ꝩ͛a" for "vera"). Sometimes you may see it alone standing for "er", here it's larger, looking like the rune "ᛋ"
:Noun endings are reduced significantly, the "-ʀ" (modern "-j") endings are often all reduced to a simple "j", often with a strike through it, like "ɟ".
:Use of R rotunda ("ꝛ"), this often attaches to the preceding letter when it is a large curve (like in "oꝛ")


===Runic script===
===Runic script===
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Húsnorsk occasionally extends umlaut across patterns in a form of regularization or analogy, this can lead to irregular evolution but morphology that's easier to remember (note how umlaut was extended to almost all vowels)
Húsnorsk occasionally extends umlaut across patterns in a form of regularization or analogy, this can lead to irregular evolution but morphology that's easier to remember (note how umlaut was extended to almost all vowels)


Húsnorsk has largely leveled both the dative singulars to -i and -inum in both dialects, but the genitive is more complicated.
When looking at the tables below, note that there's multiple as it's giving it in all dialects.
:In Nygadsnorsk, the genitive singular has been leveled ro -s and -sins, and the plural was already leveled to -a and -anna (though sometimes an extra consonant appears before it)
:In Jugsnorsk, the inherited genitive was lost, being replaced with the dative + -s.


When looking at the tables below, note that there's multiple as it's giving both Húmgądsnorsk and Jugsnorsk. (Latin Jugsnorsk will be used)
Like many Nordic languages, Húsnorsk underwent the masculine/feminine merger that creates the modern common/neuter systems in the continental Nordic languages.
====Strong nouns====
Húsnorsk closely follows Old Norse with its strong nouns, have two neuter, and three masculine and feminine strong declensions.


The tables below will have a hyphen between the root and the suffix in order to show it better.
The tables below will have a hyphen between the root and the suffix in order to show it better. The tables shall be listed in order as:
:Varhúsnorsk
:Nygadsnorsk
:Jugsnorsk


=====Masculine patterns=====
====Strong nouns====
=====Common patterns=====
(Varhúsnorsk tables not yet updated)
{{Varhúsnorsk nouns m-a|abl-|ǫbl-|m= - "hearth"}}
{{Varhúsnorsk nouns m-a|abl-|ǫbl-|m= - "hearth"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns m-a|abl-|ǫbl-|m= - "hearth"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns c-a|abl-|ǫbl-|m= - "hearth"}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns m-a|abl-|obl-|m= - "hearth"}}




{{Varhúsnorsk nouns m-i|al-|ǫl-|au-|m= - "awl"}}
{{Varhúsnorsk nouns m-i|al-|ǫl-|au-|m= - "awl"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns m-i|al-|ǫl-|ǫ́-|œ-|v=y|m= - "awl"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns c-i|al-|ǫl-|ǫ́-|œ-|v=y|m= - "awl"}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns m-i|al-|ol-|ó-|ǿ-|m= - "awl"}}


As can be seen with this table, nouns can be irregular, especially when it consists of a vowel followed by l, as historic l-vocalization caused additional vowel alternations on top of umlaut.
As can be seen with this table, nouns can be irregular, especially when it consists of a vowel followed by l, as historic l-vocalization caused additional vowel alternations on top of umlaut.


{{Varhúsnorsk nouns m-u|ǫ́s-|ę́s-|ás-|m= - "god"}}
{{Varhúsnorsk nouns m-u|ǫ́s-|ę́s-|ás-|m= - "god"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns m-u|ǫ́s-|ę́s-|ás-|m= - "god"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns c-u|ǫ́s-|ę́s-|ás-|m= - "god"}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns m-u|ós-|és-|m= - "god"}}




{{Varhúsnorsk nouns m-c|nagl-|nęgl-|nǫgl-|m= - "nail"}}
{{Varhúsnorsk nouns m-c|nagl-|nęgl-|nǫgl-|m= - "nail"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns m-c|nagl-|nęgl-|nǫgl-|m= - "nail"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns c-c|nagl-|nęgl-|nǫgl-|m= - "nail"}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns m-c|najl-|nejl-|nojl-|m= - "nail"}}
 
=====Feminine patterns=====
{{Varhúsnorsk nouns s-ō|nǫs-|nas-|m= - "nose"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns s-ō|nǫs-|nas-|m= - "nose"}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns s-ō|nos-|nas-|m= - "nose"}}


=====Neuter patterns=====
=====Neuter patterns=====
(all outdated)
{{Varhúsnorsk nouns n-a|mál-|mǫ́l-|mǫ́u-|máu-|m= - "Language"}}
{{Varhúsnorsk nouns n-a|mál-|mǫ́l-|mǫ́u-|máu-|m= - "Language"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns n-a|mál-|mǫ́l-|mō-|mǭ-|m= - "Language"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns n-a|mál-|mǫ́l-|mō-|mǭ-|m= - "Language"}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns n-a|mál-|mó-|mól-||m= - "Language"}}


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
====Strong verbs====
====Strong verbs====
(everything except Jugsnorsk is outdated here)
Strong verbs have been falling out of use since the 17th century, and most verbs that once were strong are now weak, especially in Jugsnorsk, which is far more inclined to grammatical change than Nygadsnorsk.
An example of this is the verb "ljúga" ("lýga" in Jugsnorsk)
{{Varhúsnorsk verbs s2|pa=y|m= - "to lie, tell lies"|ljúg-|lǿg-|lyg-}}
{{Húsnorsk verbs s2|ljúg-}}
=====Class 1=====
=====Class 2=====
=====Class 3=====
=====Class 4=====
=====Class 5=====
{{Varhúsnorsk verbs s5|pa=y|m= - "to lie, tell lies"|ljúg-|lǿg-|lyg-}}
{{Húsnorsk verbs s5|pa=y|ljúg-}}
=====Class 6=====
=====Class 7=====
====Weak verbs====
====Weak verbs====
{{Jugsnorsk weak 1|pa=y|m= - "to bend, bow"|bǿg-}}


====Suppletive verbs====
====Suppletive verbs====
Line 834: Line 852:
{{Varhúsnorsk węja|m=|węj-|waj-|wę́j-|wǫ́j-|ęj-}}
{{Varhúsnorsk węja|m=|węj-|waj-|wę́j-|wǫ́j-|ęj-}}
{{Húsnorsk węja|m=|węj-|waj-|wę́j-|wǫ́j-|ęj-|wé-|wę́-|wē-|é-}}
{{Húsnorsk węja|m=|węj-|waj-|wę́j-|wǫ́j-|ęj-|wé-|wę́-|wē-|é-}}
{{Jugsnorsk veja|m=|vej-|vaj-|véj-|vój-|ej-|vé-|é-}}


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
Line 874: Line 891:
:'''Varhúsnorsk''': drǿmða mik ą drøm í nát ū : siuki ok dýrā feud
:'''Varhúsnorsk''': drǿmða mik ą drøm í nát ū : siuki ok dýrā feud
::/drøːm.ða mik ɐ drø̃ː iː naːt ũ : siu̯.ki o(x) dyː.rã feu̯d/
::/drøːm.ða mik ɐ drø̃ː iː naːt ũ : siu̯.ki o(x) dyː.rã feu̯d/
:'''Nygadsnorsk''': drǿmda mik ą drøm í nát ú : sýki o dýrá fǿd
:'''Nygadsnorsk''': drǿmda mik ą drǿm í nát ú : sýki o dýrá fǿd
::/drøːm.da mik ɐ drøːː iː naːt uː : syː.ki o dyː.raː føːd/
::/drøːm.da mik ɐ drøːː iː naːt uː : syː.ki o dyː.raː føːd/
:'''Jugsnorsk''': drø̄́ða mik a drø̄́ í nát ū : sjuki ok dýrā fjud
:'''Jugsnorsk''': ęk drø̀ðu mik a drø̀s í nát ū : sýkis ok fýds
::[drøːː.ðɐ mik ɐ drøːː i nɐu̯t uː : sju.kɪ ɔ dʏy̯.raː fjud]
::[ˌɛk ˈdrøːː.ðʊ ˌmik ɐ ˈdrøːːs i ˈnɐu̯t uː : ˈsʏy̯.kɪs ɔ ˈfʏy̯tʰ]


#"a"/"ą" is a filler syllable to pad the line out, it has no semantic meaning.
#"a"/"ą" is a filler syllable to pad the line out, it has no semantic meaning.
Line 883: Line 900:
'''English''':
'''English''':
:I dreamt a dream last night of : silk and fine fur.
:I dreamt a dream last night of : silk and fine fur.
:literal: I dreamt me a dream last night about : silk and fine fur


===UDHR Article 1===
===UDHR Article 1===
Line 902: Line 920:
{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
|-
|-
!colspan=8|Leipzig-Jakarta List
!colspan=9|Leipzig-Jakarta List
|-
|-
! Rank
! Rank
Line 933: Line 951:
|-
|-
|3||to go
|3||to go
|
| ganga
|  
| ganga
|
| gagga
|
| gagga
| gagga
| ganga
| gånga
|-
|-
|4||water
|4||water
|
| vatn
|  
| watn
|
| watn, watū
|
| watn, watú
| vatn, vatū
| vatn
| vatten
|-
|-
|5||mouth
|5||mouth
Line 949: Line 973:
| (body) munðj </br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ósj
| (body) munðj </br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ósj
| (body) munðj</br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ósj
| (body) munðj</br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ósj
| (body) munðj, múðj</br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ósj
| (body) mūðj</br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ósj
| (body) munnur</br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ós
| (body) munnur</br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ós
| (body) mun</br>(river) mynne</br>(river) os
| (body) mun</br>(river) mynne</br>(river) os
|-
|-
|6||tongue
|6||tongue
|
| tunga
|  
| tunga
|
| tugga
|
| tugga
| tugga
| tunga
| tunga
|-
|-
|7||blood
|7||blood
|
| blóð
|  
| blōþ
|
| blóð
|
| blód
| blóð
| blóð
| blod
|-
|-
|8||bone
|8||bone
|
| bein
|  
| bēn
|
| bén, bḗ
|
| bén, bē
| bén, bḗ
| bein
| ben
|-
|-
|9||{{sc|2sg pronoun (you)
|9||{{sc|2sg pronoun}} (you)
| þú
| þú
| þū
| þū
Line 1,004: Line 1,037:
|
|
|-
|-
|14||{{sc|1sg pronoun (I)
|14||{{sc|1sg pronoun}} (I)
| ek
| ek
| iak
| iak
Line 1,139: Line 1,172:
|
|
|-
|-
|35||{{sc|3sg pronoun (they)
|35||{{sc|3sg pronoun}} (they)
| hann (m)</br>hǫ́n (f)</br>þat (n)
| hann (m)</br>hǫ́n (f)</br>þat (n)
| han(n) (m)</br>hōn (f)</br>þæt? (n)
| han(n) (m)</br>hōn (f)</br>þæt? (n)
Line 1,349: Line 1,382:
| feldr (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húð
| feldr (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húð
| feldʀ (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>hūþ
| feldʀ (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>hūþ
| feudj (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húðj (human)
| feudj (animal)</br> skīn (general)</br>húðj (human)
| fǿdj (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húdj, kúdj (human)
| fǿdj (animal)</br> skín (general)</br>húdj, kúdj (human)
| fǿdj (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húðj (human)
| fǿdj (animal)</br> skīn (general)</br>húðj (human)
| skinn</br>húð
| skinn</br>húð
| skinn (general)</br>hud
| skinn (general)</br>hud
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#Not cognate
#Not cognate
:::"spá" from Old Norse "spá", meaning "to foretell".
:::"spá" from Old Norse "spá", meaning "to foretell".
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Germanic languages]]
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Húsnorsk"