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The '''Lax-An''' language (LA) is the linguistic reconstruction of the first language spoken by those (Humans) first brought into (the Void). Scholars hypothesize that LA was the result of a merging of Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Afro-Asiatic languages and estimate that it was spoken as a simple language until (year) (era), when the language was split into (Proto-Scholar) and (Proto-Dev-Merc-Polit) due to cultural isolation and exposure to both new cultures and new vocabulary.
(Wuja our '''lax an''' speak, wuja our legayu an long for)
 
'''Lax An''', or Ancestor's Tongue, is an a posteriori language created to be part of the history of a science fiction culture by [[User:Zomborgs|Zomborgs]].
 
==History==
 
====Lore====
The Lax An language (LA) is the linguistic reconstruction of the first language spoken by those (Humans) first brought into (the Void). Scholars hypothesize that LA was the result of a merging of Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Afro-Asiatic languages and estimate that it was spoken as a simple language until (year) (era), when the language was split into (Proto-Scholar) and (Proto-Dev-Merc-Polit) due to cultural isolation and exposure to both new cultures and new vocabulary.


The existence of LA was first proved in the (*** century) by (name), who observed the use of a unique, well-defined language used by the first (wave) of (Humans) while researching historical records held by (the First). Efforts have since been made to continue analysis and documentation of both the culture and the language used by this first era of (Humans) whenever possible.
The existence of LA was first proved in the (*** century) by (name), who observed the use of a unique, well-defined language used by the first (wave) of (Humans) while researching historical records held by (the First). Efforts have since been made to continue analysis and documentation of both the culture and the language used by this first era of (Humans) whenever possible.


==Phonology==
====Reality====
For the sake of creating four separate-yet-connected languages and cultures that feel as realistic and natural as possible, I have decided to start with a proto-language that I can gradually evolve into four separate languages.


The theory behind Lax An is that large groups of humans were simultaneously stolen away from two separate areas of Earth over the period of several decades. The resulting peoples (the speakers of Proto-Indo-European and Proto-AFro-Asiatic languages) were then forced to combine cultures and languages due to close proximity. This new language continued without major change until the group was divided and then recombined, separately, with two new languages and cultures.


===Consonants===
==Basic Grammar==


Lax An was a Subject-Object-Verb, inflected language in which words were modified using both ablaut and infixes. The language had three numbers, three persons, three genders, and eight cases with ***-*** alignment.


(h1 = ç = h,ʔ) (h2 = x = ħ,ʜ,χ) (h3 = ɣ)
==Phonology==
 
B  D  G    H    J  K  L  M  N  P  Q  R  S  T  V  W  X  Y  Z
b  d  g  h₁,h₂,h₃  j  k  l  m  n  p  kʷ  r  s  t  θ  w  ʂ  ʕ  ʐ     




===Consonants===


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
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|
|
|}
|}
B  D  G  H₁  H₂  H₃  J  K  L  M  N  P  Q  R  S  T  V  W  X  Y  Z
b  d  g  ç  x  ɣ  j  k  l  m  n  p  kʷ  r  s  t  θ  w  ʂ  ʕ  ʐ


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Lax An used an seven-vowel system which consisted of the short vowels /a/, /i/, /u/ and long /e/, /ii/, /o/, /uu/


{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center"
|+ Vowels
|-
! rowspan="2" |  
! rowspan="2" |  
! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]]
Line 109: Line 120:
| colspan="2" |  
| colspan="2" |  
|}
|}
A  I  U  E  II  O  UU
a  ɪ  ʊ  e  i  o  u
===Stress and Pitch===
It is believed that Lax An had a pitch accent system in which all words had only one accented syllable which received a high pitch. Stress could fall on any syllable of a word and was thought to differ based on the length and purpose of the word in question.
===Phonotactics===
Every syllable of Lax An required at least one vowel, with the most common syllable structures being CV, followed by CVC and V. C consisted of, at most, two consonants, while V only represented a single vowel. There did not seem to be a restriction on how many syllables a single word may consist of.
Phonotactical restrictions for Lax An remain a subject of conjecture and debate.
==Orthography==


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Pronouns===
===Nouns===
===Adjectives===


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
Less is known about the syntax of LA than about its morphology.
===Word Order===
Popular theory holds that Subject-Object-Verb was likely used in LA, as this is the word order still found in ***, ***, and, to some extent, in ***.
(PAA)
use of infixes, rather than prefixes and suffixes, to represent grammatical relations and form new words;


==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
Line 121: Line 162:
! Number !! Lax An Word !! Lax An Word Meaning !! Proto-Afroasiatic Word !! Proto-AA Word Meaning !! Proto-Indoeuropean Word !! Proto-IE Word Meaning
! Number !! Lax An Word !! Lax An Word Meaning !! Proto-Afroasiatic Word !! Proto-AA Word Meaning !! Proto-Indoeuropean Word !! Proto-IE Word Meaning
|-
|-
| 1 || ama || I || ʾanā || I || me || I
| 1 || ami || I || ʾanā || I || me || I
|-
|-
| 2 || atuu || you (sing) || atta || you || túh₂ || you
| 2 || atuh₂ || you (sing) || atta || you || túh₂ || you
|-
|-
| 3 || huu || he || hú || he || * || *
| 3 || h₁uu || he || hú || he || * || *
|-
|-
| 4 || wuva || we || nəħna || we || wéy || we
| 4 || wuja || we || nəħna || we || wéy || we
|-
|-
| 5 || uuton || you (pl) || attōn || you || yū || you
| 5 || atuuo || you (pl) || attōn || you || yū || you
|-
|-
| 6 || hum || they || hum || they || * || *
| 6 || h₁um || they || hum || they || * || *
|-
|-
| 7 || kad || this || hāðē || this || kod || this
| 7 || kav || this || hāðē || this || kod || this
|-
|-
| 8 || tad || that || hāhu || that || tód || that
| 8 || tad || that || hāhu || that || tód || that
|-
|-
| 9 || uuna || here || hunā || here || * || *
| 9 || uune || here || hunā || here || * || *
|-
|-
| 10 || uunag || there || hunāka || there || * || *
| 10 || uunega || there || hunāka || there || * || *
|-
|-
| 11 || manus || who || mannu || who || kʷis || who
| 11 || manis || who || mannu || who || kʷis || who
|-
|-
| 12 || me || what || mā || what || * || *
| 12 || me || what || mā || what || * || *
|-
|-
| 13 || egu || where || ʾaykā || where || * || *
| 13 || age || where || ʾaykā || where || * || *
|-
|-
| 14 || move || when || mâθay || when || * || *
| 14 || mave || when || mâθay || when || * || *
|-
|-
| 15 || egun || how || ʾaykan || how || * || *
| 15 || agun || how || ʾaykan || how || * || *
|-
|-
| 16 || na || not || ma || not || ne || not
| 16 || na || not || ma || not || ne || not
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| 17 || duum || all || tVm || all || * || *
| 17 || duum || all || tVm || all || * || *
|-
|-
| 18 || hal || many || HawVl || many || * || *
| 18 || hawl || many || HawVl || many || * || *
|-
|-
| 19 || kalo || some || kmā || some || kaylo, solwo || some
| 19 || kalo || some || kmā || some || kaylo, solwo || some
|-
|-
| 20 || adat || few || ḫədāṭ || few || * || *
| 20 || udet || few || ḫədāṭ || few || * || *
|-
|-
| 21 || elvru || other || ʾaħér || other || h₂el-yó || other
| 21 || h₂elvruo || other || ʾaħér || other || h₂el-yó || other
|-
|-
| 22 || vonuu || one, 1 || ʾaħadu || one || (H)óynos || one
| 22 || vonuu || one, 1 || ʾaħadu || one || (H)óynos || one
|-
|-
| 23 || bwax || two, 2 || baʕiĉ̣ || two || dwóh₁ || two
| 23 || bayax || two, 2 || baʕiĉ̣ || two || dwóh₁ || two
|-
|-
| 24 || xejas || three, 3 || šalāš || three || tréyes || three
| 24 || xajis || three, 3 || šalāš || three || tréyes || three
|-
|-
| 25 || tworba || four, 4 || ʾarbaʿ || four || kʷetwóres || four
| 25 || tworba || four, 4 || ʾarbaʿ || four || kʷetwóres || four
|-
|-
| 26 || uubun || five, 5 || ḫ/ḥup/bin || five || pénkʷe || five
| 26 || banqi || five, 5 || ḫ/ḥup/bin || five || pénkʷe || five
|-
|-
| 27 || kov || big || kabVr || big || * || *
| 27 || kop || big || kabVr || big || * || *
|-
|-
| 28 || luug || long || ĉaʔd || long || dluh₂gʰós || long
| 28 || luuh₂k || long || ĉaʔd || long || dluh₂gʰós || long
|-
|-
| 29 || leuvo || wide || rəħub || wide || * || *
| 29 || luva || wide || rəħub || wide || * || *
|-
|-
| 30 || vun || thick || ʿvīṭā || thick || bʰenǵʰ || thick
| 30 || viin || thick || ʿvīṭā || thick || bʰenǵʰ || thick
|-
|-
| 31 || zaluu || heavy || ɣaluč̣ || heavy || gʷer(h₂) || heavy
| 31 || h₃aluu || heavy || ɣaluč̣ || heavy || gʷer(h₂) || heavy
|-
|-
| 32 || gus || small || kus || small || mey || small
| 32 || guz || small || kus || small || mey || small
|-
|-
| 33 || rugos || short || qâṣâr || short || mreǵʰú || short
| 33 || rugos || short || qâṣâr || short || mreǵʰú || short
|-
|-
| 34 || hunga || narrow || qatnu || narrow || h₂enǵʰ || narrow
| 34 || h₂unga || narrow || qatnu || narrow || h₂enǵʰ || narrow
|-
|-
| 35 || tanuus || thin || rVḳ || thin || ténh₂us || thin
| 35 || tanuus || thin || rVḳ || thin || ténh₂us || thin
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| 43 || papu || father || bab || father || ph₂tḗr || father
| 43 || papu || father || bab || father || ph₂tḗr || father
|-
|-
| 44 || oneum || animal || ʕum-ʕam || animal || * || *
| 44 || yomyum || animal || ʕum-ʕam || animal || * || *
|-
|-
| 45 || kuu || fish || bus || fish || dʰǵʰu || fish
| 45 || kuu || fish || bus || fish || dʰǵʰu || fish
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| 55 || xul || seed || či/ul || seed || * || *
| 55 || xul || seed || či/ul || seed || * || *
|-
|-
| 56 || sup || leaf || ĉap || leaf || * || *
| 56 || zup || leaf || ĉap || leaf || * || *
|-
|-
| 57 || sura || root || ĉVr || root || wréh₂ds || root
| 57 || zura || root || ĉVr || root || wréh₂ds || root
|-
|-
| 58 || gog || bark || ḳaw(ḳ) || bark of tree || * || *
| 58 || gog || bark || ḳaw(ḳ) || bark of tree || * || *
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| 63 || mux || meat || fVʔ || meat || mēms || meat
| 63 || mux || meat || fVʔ || meat || mēms || meat
|-
|-
| 64 || uxa || blood || dam || blood || h₁ésh₂r̥ || blood
| 64 || umxa || blood || dam || blood || h₁ésh₂r̥ || blood
|-
|-
| 65 || gas || bone || ḳ(ʷ)as || bone || kost || bone
| 65 || qas || bone || ḳ(ʷ)as || bone || kost || bone
|-
|-
| 66 || taruu || fat || pidar || fat || smeru || fat
| 66 || taruu || fat || pidar || fat || smeru || fat
|-
|-
| 67 || zaho || egg || sawVḥ || egg || h₂ōwyóm || egg
| 67 || zah₂o || egg || sawVḥ || egg || h₂ōwyóm || egg
|-
|-
| 68 || ko || horn || ḳar || horn || koru || horn
| 68 || ko || horn || ḳar || horn || koru || horn
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| 73 || os || ear || sim || ear || h₂ows || ear
| 73 || os || ear || sim || ear || h₂ows || ear
|-
|-
| 74 || ehuuk || eye || ʕayVn || eye || h₃ekʷ || eye
| 74 || eh₃uuk || eye || ʕayVn || eye || h₃ekʷ || eye
|-
|-
| 75 || niiha || nose || naḫVr || nose || hnéh₂s || nose
| 75 || niih₂a || nose || naḫVr || nose || hnéh₂s || nose
|-
|-
| 76 || uvas || mouth || ʔa-pay || mouth || h₁oh₁s || mouth
| 76 || uvas || mouth || ʔa-pay || mouth || h₁oh₁s || mouth
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| 84 || gam || wing || ganVḥ || wing || * || *
| 84 || gam || wing || ganVḥ || wing || * || *
|-
|-
| 85 || huuduu || belly || hun || belly || udero || belly
| 85 || h₁uuduu || belly || hun || belly || udero || belly
|-
|-
| 86 || iita || guts || * || * || eh₁ter || guts
| 86 || iita || guts || * || * || eh₁ter || guts
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| 90 || kiil || heart || li/ubb || heart || ḱḗr || heart
| 90 || kiil || heart || li/ubb || heart || ḱḗr || heart
|-
|-
| 91 || uhiiwa || liver || tiraw/ʔ || liver || yeh₁kwr̥ || liver
| 91 || uh₁iiwa || liver || tiraw/ʔ || liver || yeh₁kwr̥ || liver
|-
|-
| 92 || ag || drink || ʕab || drink || h₁egʷʰ || to drink
| 92 || ag || drink || ʕab || drink || h₁egʷʰ || to drink
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| 96 || piix || spit || pičw || to spit || sp(y)eu || to spit
| 96 || piix || spit || pičw || to spit || sp(y)eu || to spit
|-
|-
| 97 || gun || vomit || ḳ(ʷ)VʔVʕ || vomit || wem || to vomit
| 97 || qun || vomit || ḳ(ʷ)VʔVʕ || vomit || wem || to vomit
|-
|-
| 98 || suwu || blow || fiwaq || blow || weh₁ || to blow
| 98 || suwu || blow || fiwaq || blow || weh₁ || to blow
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| 111|| lam || fight || laḥm || fight || * || *
| 111|| lam || fight || laḥm || fight || * || *
|-
|-
| 112 || xohu || hunt || c̣ayad || hunt || * || *
| 112 || xoh₁u || hunt || c̣ayad || hunt || * || *
|-
|-
| 113 || plu || hit || nig(ʕ) || strike || pleh₂k || to hit
| 113 || plu || hit || nig(ʕ) || strike || pleh₂k || to hit
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| 117 || kolb || scratch || ʔakul || scratch || gerbʰ || to scratch
| 117 || kolb || scratch || ʔakul || scratch || gerbʰ || to scratch
|-
|-
| 118 || hot || dig || hut || dig || * || *
| 118 || h₁ot || dig || hut || dig || * || *
|-
|-
| 119 || nuhuu || swim || nVbVy || swim || néh₂-u || to swim
| 119 || nuh₂uu || swim || nVbVy || swim || néh₂-u || to swim
|-
|-
| 120 || pur || fly || pVr || fly || pet || to fly
| 120 || pur || fly || pVr || fly || pet || to fly
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| 125 || sta || stand|| ĉawVʔ || stand || steh₂ || to stand
| 125 || sta || stand|| ĉawVʔ || stand || steh₂ || to stand
|-
|-
| 126 || han || turn || ʕVn || turn || * || *
| 126 || yan || turn || ʕVn || turn || * || *
|-
|-
| 127 || du || fall || diḥ || fall || * || *
| 127 || du || fall || diḥ || fall || * || *
Line 395: Line 436:
| 137 || kanuu || tie || ḳanVw || tie || * || *
| 137 || kanuu || tie || ḳanVw || tie || * || *
|-
|-
| 138 || siihuup || sew || ʕVḳVp || sew || syuh₁ || to sew
| 138 || siih₁uup || sew || ʕVḳVp || sew || syuh₁ || to sew
|-
|-
| 139 || uud || count || ʕud || count || * || *
| 139 || uud || count || ʕud || count || * || *
Line 403: Line 444:
| 141 || gan || sing || gaʔ || sing || kan || to sing
| 141 || gan || sing || gaʔ || sing || kan || to sing
|-
|-
| 142 || ruh || play || riw || play || * || *
| 142 || ruh₁ || play || riw || play || * || *
|-
|-
| 143 || dav || float || ṭaf || float || * || *
| 143 || dav || float || ṭaf || float || * || *
Line 411: Line 452:
| 145 || gurux || freeze || ḳVrVs || freeze || * || *
| 145 || gurux || freeze || ḳVrVs || freeze || * || *
|-
|-
| 146 || ba || swell || bVʕ || swell || * || *
| 146 || bay || swell || bVʕ || swell || * || *
|-
|-
| 147 || azo || sun || ʔaǯ || sun || sóh₂wl̥ || sun
| 147 || azo || sun || ʔaǯ || sun || sóh₂wl̥ || sun
|-
|-
| 148 || muhiin || moon || ḳiḥ || moon || mḗh₁n̥s || moon
| 148 || muh₁iin || moon || ḳiḥ || moon || mḗh₁n̥s || moon
|-
|-
| 149 || ustiir || star || suhw || star || h₂stḗr || star
| 149 || ustiir || star || suhw || star || h₂stḗr || star
Line 425: Line 466:
| 152 || uke || river || siw/ʔVn || river || h₂ekw-eh₂ || river
| 152 || uke || river || siw/ʔVn || river || h₂ekw-eh₂ || river
|-
|-
| 153 || hup || lake || wVʕVr || lake || h₂ep || lake
| 153 || h₂up || lake || wVʕVr || lake || h₂ep || lake
|-
|-
| 154 || uam || sea || yam || sea || * || *
| 154 || uam || sea || yam || sea || * || *
|-
|-
| 155 || ham || salt || ḥamʕ/ʔ || salt || sal || salt
| 155 || h₁am || salt || ḥamʕ/ʔ || salt || sal || salt
|-
|-
| 156 || akmo || stone || ḥak || stone || h₂ekmon || stone
| 156 || akmo || stone || ḥak || stone || h₂ekmon || stone
Line 445: Line 486:
| 162 || ra || sky || raw || sky || * || *
| 162 || ra || sky || raw || sky || * || *
|-
|-
| 163 || sawa || wind || sa(w/yV)ḥ || wind || ḱewero || wind
| 163 || saqa || wind || sa(w/yV)ḥ || wind || ḱewero || wind
|-
|-
| 164 || snu || snow || * || * || sneigwh || snow
| 164 || snu || snow || * || * || sneigwh || snow
Line 485: Line 526:
| 182 || uuro || full || ḫVr || full || pl̥h₁nós || full
| 182 || uuro || full || ḫVr || full || pl̥h₁nós || full
|-
|-
| 183 || meho || new || may/ʔ || new || néwos || new
| 183 || meh₁o || new || may/ʔ || new || néwos || new
|-
|-
| 184 || hasun || old || yas || old || senh₁ó || old
| 184 || yasun || old || yas || old || senh₁ó || old
|-
|-
| 185 || mor || good || mVr || good || h₁su || good
| 185 || mor || good || mVr || good || h₁su || good
Line 527: Line 568:
| 203 || bu || with || bi || with || pe || with
| 203 || bu || with || bi || with || pe || with
|-
|-
| 204 || kwa || and || wa || and || kʷe || and
| 204 || qa || and || wa || and || kʷe || and
|-
|-
| 205 || am || if || ʾim, || if || * || *
| 205 || am || if || ʾim, || if || * || *
Line 548: Line 589:
|-
|-
| * || datu || daughter || si/ut || daughter || dʰugh₂tḗr || daughter
| * || datu || daughter || si/ut || daughter || dʰugh₂tḗr || daughter
|-
| * || legayu || settlement || gaw(V)y || settlement || leghskā || settlement
|-
|-
| * || * || * || * || * || * || *
| * || * || * || * || * || * || *
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[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:A posteriori]] [[Nanyse]]
[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:A posteriori]] [[Nanyse]]
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