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Koinean is a brief sketchlang, attempting to take the growing non-configurationality of vernacular Korean and extend it to the level of Koiné/Attic Greek.  While Ancient Greek could match distant words by Case/Number/Gender, Koinean matches by Case/Honor/Class.  The verb inflectional structure is as big as a λυω chart.  It is written in the polytonic Greek alphabet, and requires the extension of Unicode by combining characters to write upsilons with iota subscript.  It is also meant as an instructional aide to Korean in learning NT Greek.
Koinean is a brief sketchlang, attempting to take the growing non-configurationality of vernacular Korean and extend it to the level of Koiné/Attic Greek.  While Ancient Greek could match distant words by case, number, and gender, Koinean matches by case and class.  The verb inflectional structure is as big as the λύω chart, some 400 conjugations per verb.  It is written in the polytonic Greek alphabet.  (Unfortunately, it also requires a Unicode hack, that of a combining character in order to write upsilons with iota subscripts.) It is also meant as an instructional aide to Koreans in learning Ancient Greek.
 
ἀννῃνγἁσἠιᾠ!  ζωεἀἁιᾠ ἰἠνἠδοδ? (안녕하세요! 좋아해요 이언어를?)


==Introduction==
ἀννῃνγἁσηιᾠ!  ζωἑαἁζι ἰηνηδοδ?
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Orthography===
α - /아/, β - /v/, γ - /ㄱ/, δ - /ㄹ/, ε - coda /h/, ζ - /ㅈ/, η - /어/, θ - /ㅌ/, ι - /이/, κ - /ㅋ/, λ - /l/, μ - /ㅁ/, ν - /ㄴ/, ξ - /ks/, ο - /으/, π - /ㅂ/, ρ, σ - /ㅅ/, τ - /ㄷ/, υ - /우/, φ - /ㅍ/, χ - /ㅊ/, ψ - /ps/, ω - /오/
α - /아/, β - /ㅂ/, γ - /ㄱ/, δ - /ㄹ/, ε - coda /h/, ζ - /ㅈ/, η - /어/, θ - /ㅌ/, ι - /이/, κ - /ㅋ/, λ - /ɫ/, μ - /ㅁ/, ν - /ㄴ/, ξ - /ks/, ο - /으/, π - /ㅍ/, ρ - /ɻ/, σ - /ㅅ/, τ - /ㄷ/, υ - /우/, φ - /φ/, χ - /ㅊ/, ψ - /ps/, ω - /오/


Smooth breathing, rough breathing, acute, grace, circumflex, diaeresis, iota ad/subscript.
Smooth breathing, rough breathing, acute, grace, circumflex, diaeresis, iota ad/subscript.


===Consonants===
===Consonants===
* Nasals
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
** /m/ ㅁ -> μ or Μ
|+ '''Koinean Consonantal Inventory'''
** /n/ ㄴ -> ν or Ν
|-
** /ŋ/ ㅇ -> νγ (coda only)
!  !! || Bilabial  ||  Alveolar || Palatal || Velar || Glottal
* Approximants
|-
** /w/ -> diphthongs (initial ο or ω)
! colspan="2"| Nasal
** /j/ -> iota subscript
|  /m/ '''μ Μ'''
** /ɾ/ -> δ or Δ (only for native words, typically coda)
|  /n/ '''ν Ν'''
** /l/ -> λ or Λ (only for foreign words)
| 
** /r/ -> ρ or Ρ (only for foreign words)
|  /ŋ/ '''νγ'''
*** Can be further specified as ῤ or ᾽Ρ or even ῥ or Ῥ
|
* Fricatives
|-
** /h/ -> rough breathing mark
! rowspan="3" | Plosive
** /s~ɕ/ -> σ/ς, σσ/ςς, Σ, ΣΣ
! Plain
** /v/ -> β or Β (foreign words)
| /p~b/ '''β Β'''
** /f/ -> φ̔ or ῾Φ (foreign words)
| /t~d/ '''τ Τ'''
* Stops
| /c~ɟ/ '''ζ Ζ'''
** Simple
| /k~g/ '''γ Γ'''
*** /b~p/ -> π or Π (tense ππ)
|
*** /d~t/ -> τ or Τ (tense ττ)
|-
*** /g~k/ -> γ or Γ (tense γγ)
! Aspirated
** Aspirated
| /pʰ/ '''π Π'''
*** /pʰ/ -> φ or Φ
| /tʰ/ '''θ Θ'''
*** /tʰ/ -> θ or Θ
| /cʰ/ '''χ Χ'''
*** /kʰ/ -> κ or Κ
| /kʰ/ '''κ Κ'''
* Affricates
|
** /tɕ~dʑ/ -> ζ or Ζ (tense ζζ)
|-
** /tɕʰ/ -> χ or Χ
! Tense
** /ks/ -> ξ or Ξ
| /p͈/ '''ββ ΒΒ'''
** /ps/ -> ψ or Ψ
| /t͈/ '''δδ ΔΔ'''
| /c͈/ '''ζζ ΖΖ'''
| /k͈/ '''γγ ΓΓ'''
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Fricative
! Aspirated
| /ɸ/ '''φ Φ'''
|
| /sʰ~ɕʰ/ '''σ ς Σ'''
|
| h~ɦ
|-
! Tense
|
|
| /s͈~ɕ͈/ '''σσ ςς ΣΣ'''
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Approximants
| /w/
| /l/ '''λ Λ'''
| /j/
| /ɰ/
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Liquid
|
| /ɾ/ '''δ Δ'''
| /ɻ~r/ * '''ρ Ρ'''
|
|
|}
also /ks/ -> ξ (only alone Ξ) ;  /ps/ -> ψ (only alone Ψ), but they are both not permitted at the start of a syllable or word.  ε (only alone Ε) is the obsolete coda /h/, which is actually unsaid, but preserved in spelling.
 


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Koinean Vowels
! !! Front <br /> Unrounded !! Front <br /> Rounded !! Mid !! Back <br /> Unrounded || Back <br /> Rounded
|-
! High
| /i/ '''ι Ι'''  || /y/ '''υι Υι'''    || || /ɯ/ '''ο Ο''' || /u/ '''υ Υ'''
|-
! Mid
| /e̞/ '''ηι Ηι'''  || /ø/ '''ωι Ωι'''
| colspan="2" | /ʌ~ɘ/ '''η Η'''
| /o/ '''ω Ω'''
|-
! Low
| /æ/ '''αι Αι''' ||
| colspan="2" | /ä~ɑ/ '''α Α''' ||
|}
* There are six regular vowels, corresponding to Korean 아,이,어,오,으,우 -> ἀ,ἰ,ἠ,ὠ,ὀ,ὐ.   
* There are six regular vowels, corresponding to Korean 아,이,어,오,으,우 -> ἀ,ἰ,ἠ,ὠ,ὀ,ὐ.   
* Iotized vowels (y on-glide) is written with an iota subscript: 야,여,요,유 -> ᾀ,ᾐ,ᾠ,ὐͅ.   
* Iotized vowels (y on-glide) is written with an iota subscript: 야,여,요,유 -> ᾀ,ᾐ,ᾠ,ὐͅ.   
Line 54: Line 106:
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
=== Phonological Processes ===
There are more of them than you can shake a stick at!
* π + ν = μν
* λ + ν = λλ
* β/τ/ζ/γ + β/τ/ζ/γ = ββ/ττ/ζζ/γγ
* ε + β/τ/ζ/γ = π/θ/χ/κ
* ε + σ = σσ
* λ + δ = λλ
* rest + δ = rest + ν
*
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->


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[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1UsW18jx9wT-aVIn0Q_ItQgt-KfwWdR_M8O_W3FbfWX8/edit?usp=sharing Lexicon]


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 02:33, 20 January 2017

Koinean is a brief sketchlang, attempting to take the growing non-configurationality of vernacular Korean and extend it to the level of Koiné/Attic Greek. While Ancient Greek could match distant words by case, number, and gender, Koinean matches by case and class. The verb inflectional structure is as big as the λύω chart, some 400 conjugations per verb. It is written in the polytonic Greek alphabet. (Unfortunately, it also requires a Unicode hack, that of a combining character in order to write upsilons with iota subscripts.) It is also meant as an instructional aide to Koreans in learning Ancient Greek.

ἀννῃνγἁσἠιᾠ! ζωεἀἁιᾠ ἰἠνἠδοδ? (안녕하세요! 좋아해요 이언어를?)

Phonology

Orthography

α - /아/, β - /ㅂ/, γ - /ㄱ/, δ - /ㄹ/, ε - coda /h/, ζ - /ㅈ/, η - /어/, θ - /ㅌ/, ι - /이/, κ - /ㅋ/, λ - /ɫ/, μ - /ㅁ/, ν - /ㄴ/, ξ - /ks/, ο - /으/, π - /ㅍ/, ρ - /ɻ/, σ - /ㅅ/, τ - /ㄷ/, υ - /우/, φ - /φ/, χ - /ㅊ/, ψ - /ps/, ω - /오/

Smooth breathing, rough breathing, acute, grace, circumflex, diaeresis, iota ad/subscript.

Consonants

Koinean Consonantal Inventory
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal /m/ μ Μ /n/ ν Ν /ŋ/ νγ
Plosive Plain /p~b/ β Β /t~d/ τ Τ /c~ɟ/ ζ Ζ /k~g/ γ Γ
Aspirated /pʰ/ π Π /tʰ/ θ Θ /cʰ/ χ Χ /kʰ/ κ Κ
Tense /p͈/ ββ ΒΒ /t͈/ δδ ΔΔ /c͈/ ζζ ΖΖ /k͈/ γγ ΓΓ
Fricative Aspirated /ɸ/ φ Φ /sʰ~ɕʰ/ σ ς Σ h~ɦ
Tense /s͈~ɕ͈/ σσ ςς ΣΣ
Approximants /w/ /l/ λ Λ /j/ /ɰ/
Liquid /ɾ/ δ Δ /ɻ~r/ * ρ Ρ

also /ks/ -> ξ (only alone Ξ) ; /ps/ -> ψ (only alone Ψ), but they are both not permitted at the start of a syllable or word. ε (only alone Ε) is the obsolete coda /h/, which is actually unsaid, but preserved in spelling.


Vowels

Koinean Vowels
Front
Unrounded		 Front
Rounded		 Mid Back
Unrounded		 Back
Rounded
High /i/ ι Ι /y/ υι Υι /ɯ/ ο Ο /u/ υ Υ
Mid /e̞/ ηι Ηι /ø/ ωι Ωι /ʌ~ɘ/ η Η /o/ ω Ω
Low /æ/ αι Αι /ä~ɑ/ α Α
  • There are six regular vowels, corresponding to Korean 아,이,어,오,으,우 -> ἀ,ἰ,ἠ,ὠ,ὀ,ὐ.
  • Iotized vowels (y on-glide) is written with an iota subscript: 야,여,요,유 -> ᾀ,ᾐ,ᾠ,ὐͅ.
  • Iotized Diphthongs 위, 외, 애, 에, 의 -> ὐι, ὠι, ἀι, ἠι, ὀι
  • Triphthongs 얘, 예, 웨, 왜 -> ᾀι, ᾐι, ὐηι, ὠαι

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Phonological Processes

There are more of them than you can shake a stick at!

  • π + ν = μν
  • λ + ν = λλ
  • β/τ/ζ/γ + β/τ/ζ/γ = ββ/ττ/ζζ/γγ
  • ε + β/τ/ζ/γ = π/θ/χ/κ
  • ε + σ = σσ
  • λ + δ = λλ
  • rest + δ = rest + ν


Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

Lexicon

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