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The subjunctive mood only distinguishes aspects and not tense; it is formed by special terminations and has exterior, interior, regular and causative forms. | The subjunctive mood only distinguishes aspects and not tense; it is formed by special terminations and has exterior, interior, regular and causative forms. | ||
The subjunctive is fairly regular for all verbs, using (except in the causative conjugation) the most basic form of the root — that is, without nā/nī suffixes and in basic grade ablaut; the only exceptions being inverse ablauting roots which use their weakened form (e.g. valde uses uld- and not vald-). | The subjunctive is fairly regular for all verbs, using (except in the causative conjugation) the most basic form of the root — that is, without nā/nī suffixes and in basic grade ablaut; the only exceptions being inverse ablauting roots which use their weakened form (e.g. ''valde'' uses ''uld-'' and not ''vald-''). | ||
A peculiarity of the subjunctive is that number is distinguished only in the first person: second person forms are the same for all numbers, as are third person ones. | |||
'''Imperfective aspect''' | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Person !! | ! rowspan=3 colspan=2 | Person !! colspan=2 | Non-causative !! colspan=2 | Causative | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! colspan=4 | nāmvake <br/><small>"to crush, press"</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>Exterior</small> !! <small>Interior</small> !! <small>Exterior</small> !! <small>Interior</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! rowspan=3 | Sing. !! 1st | ||
| nāmv'''īn''' || nāmv'''irīn''' || nāmv'''ixhīn''' || nāmv'''irexhīn''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! 2nd | ||
| nāmv'''ėši''' || nāmv'''irėši''' || nāmv'''ixhėši''' || nāmv'''irixhėši''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! 3rd | ||
| nāmv'''ėti''' || nāmv'''irėti''' || nāmv'''ixhėti''' || nāmv'''irixhėti''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! rowspan=3 | Dual !! 1st | ||
| nāmv'''ėjyam''' || nāmv'''irėjyam''' || nāmv'''ixhėjyam''' || nāmv'''irixhėjyam''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! 2nd | ||
| nāmv'''ėši''' || nāmv'''irėši''' || nāmv'''ixhėši''' || nāmv'''irixhėši''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! 3rd | ||
| nāmv'''ėti''' || nāmv'''irėti''' || nāmv'''ixhėti''' || nāmv'''irixhėti''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3 | Pl. !! 1st | |||
| nāmv'''ėmiui''' || nāmv'''irėmiui''' || nāmv'''ixhėmiui''' || nāmv'''irixhėmiui''' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! 2nd | ||
| nāmv'''ėši''' || nāmv'''irėši''' || nāmv'''ixhėši''' || nāmv'''irixhėši''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! 3rd | ||
| nāmv'''ėti''' || nāmv'''irėti''' || nāmv'''ixhėti''' || nāmv'''irixhėti''' | |||
|} | |} | ||
'''Perfective aspect''' | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Person !! | ! rowspan=3 colspan=2 | Person !! colspan=2 | Non-causative !! colspan=2 | Causative | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! colspan=4 | nāmvake <br/><small>"to crush, press"</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! <small>Exterior</small> !! <small>Interior</small> !! <small>Exterior</small> !! <small>Interior</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! rowspan=3 | Sing. !! 1st | ||
| nāmv'''āyem''' || nāmv'''irāyem''' || nāmv'''ixhāyem''' || nāmv'''irixhāyem''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! 2nd | ||
| nāmv'''āyės''' || nāmv'''irāyės''' || nāmv'''ixhāyės''' || nāmv'''irixhāyės''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! 3rd | ||
| nāmv'''āyė''' || nāmv'''irāyė''' || nāmv'''ixhāyė''' || nāmv'''irixhāyė''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! rowspan=3 | Dual !! 1st | ||
| nāmv'''āyænda''' || nāmv'''irāyænda''' || nāmv'''ixhāyænda''' || nāmv'''irixhāyænda''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! 2nd | ||
| nāmv'''āyės''' || nāmv'''irāyės''' || nāmv'''ixhāyės''' || nāmv'''irixhāyės''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! 3rd | ||
| nāmv'''āyė''' || nāmv'''irāyė''' || nāmv'''ixhāyė''' || nāmv'''irixhāyė''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! rowspan=3 | Pl. !! 1st | ||
| nāmv'''āyėmia''' || nāmv'''irāyėmia''' || nāmv'''ixhāyėmia''' || nāmv'''irixhāyėmia''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! 2nd | ||
| nāmv'''āyės''' || nāmv'''irāyės''' || nāmv'''ixhāyės''' || nāmv'''irixhāyės''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! 3rd | ||
| nāmv'''āyė''' || nāmv'''irāyė''' || nāmv'''ixhāyė''' || nāmv'''irixhāyė''' | |||
|} | |} | ||
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