Hlou-Shum languages: Difference between revisions
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[[Xaetjeon/Lexicon]] | [[Xaetjeon/Lexicon]] | ||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' /ˈɮɛtʃən/ ({{PAGENAME}}: ''baeyghnae Aetjeon'' /ˈpejɣne ˈetʃʰɑn/) is a minority language of Talma, spoken by the Xaetjva | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' /ˈɮɛtʃən/ ({{PAGENAME}}: ''baeyghnae Aetjeon'' /ˈpejɣne ˈetʃʰɑn/) is a minority language of Talma, spoken by the Xaetjva. It is a [[Naquic languages|Naquic language]] (descendant of [[Naquian]]) inspired by Praimhín's [[Gussnish]]. | ||
Main sources of loanwords: | Main sources of loanwords: |
Revision as of 06:36, 7 May 2017
Hlou-Shum languages /ˈɮɛtʃən/ (Hlou-Shum languages: baeyghnae Aetjeon /ˈpejɣne ˈetʃʰɑn/) is a minority language of Talma, spoken by the Xaetjva. It is a Naquic language (descendant of Naquian) inspired by Praimhín's Gussnish.
Main sources of loanwords:
Numbers 1-12: baev, diho, natj-L, tqov, dzaweo, bael-L, oth, loseoth, bas-L, gaeyo, dav, dadheo-L (multiples of 3 lenite the following noun!)
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ng /ŋ/ | |||||
Stop | tenuis | b /p/ | d /t/ | dz /ts/ | dx /tɬ/ | dj /tʃ/ | g /k/ | |
aspirated | p /pʰ/ | t /tʰ/ | ts /tsʰ/ | tq /tɬʰ/ | tj /tʃʰ/ | c /kʰ/ | ||
Fricative | voiceless | f /f/ | th /θ/ | s /s/ | q /ɬ/ | sj /ʃ/ | ch /x/ | h /h/ |
voiced | v /v/ | dh /ð/ | z /z/ | x /ɮ/ | zj /ʒ/ | gh /ɣ/ | ||
Approximant | l /l/ | y /j/ | w /w/ |
In addition, r /ɾ/ is used in loanwords.
- Notes
- In casual speech, the unaspirated stops and affricates /p t ts tɬ tʃ k/ are voiced intervocalically to [b d dz dɮ dʒ ɡ].
- Depending on speaker, /l/ may be slightly retracted [l̠] or slightly velarized [lˠ].
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i /i/ | u /u/ | |
Mid | ae /e/ | eu /ə/ | o /o/ |
Open | a /æ/ | eo /ɑ/ |
- Notes
- /ɨ/ is near-close central [ɨ̞].
- /ə/ may be pronounced [ɤ] by some speakers.
Mutations
Normal | p | t | ts | s | tq | q | tj | sj | c | b | d | dz | z | dx | x | dj | zj | g |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lenited | f | th | s | h | q | h | sj | h | ch | v | dh | z | 0 | x | 0 | zj | 0 | gh |
Normal | m | n | ng | w | l | y |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lenited | w | n | ng | w | w | y |
Prosody
Stress
In native words stress is on the first syllable, not counting prefixes. In loans, stress falls on the same syllable as in the source language.
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
-meo/-eom, -nae, -neu < ixmi, hinē, hinuoz
ba - person | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | ba | bameo | banae | baneu |
Vocative | va | - | - | vaneu |
Adjectives
Adjectives do not take affixes. However, adjectives modifying indefinite feminine nouns (i.e. nouns that ended in a vowel in Naquian) undergo lenition.
- ba seowan
- a small person
- miv heowan
- a small house
However, the suffixes -nae and -meo/-eom always lenite the following noun:
- banae heowan
- the small person
- miveom heowan
- the small houses
Predicative adjectives precede the subject, while attributive adjectives follow it.
Pronouns
Prepositions and conjunctions
- tjeo-L = and
- meo-L = of
- deo-L = at
- yae-L = to
Verbs
Object markers
Object affixes | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
1.ex | neo-L, ni-L | aw-L, mi-L |
1.in | - | veo-L, bi-L |
2 | theo-L, ti-L | zeo-L, dzi-L |
3 | weo-L, wi-L |
Tense and subject markers
|
|
|
Derivational morphology
- -azj (f): nominalizer
Phrasebook
- Lon Xaetjva. = I am a Xaetjeon person.