Tigol/Morphology: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 18: Line 18:
Old Tíogall inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Old Tíogall displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs:
Old Tíogall inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Old Tíogall displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs:


*Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''túsaiṁ'' /ˈtuːsai̯mʰ/ 'he prays', ''bó·tús'' /niːˈtuːs/ 'he does not pray' (modern ''tús'')
*Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''túsaiṁ'' /ˈtuːsai̯mʰ/ 'he prays', ''bó·tús'' /boːˈtuːs/ 'he does not pray' (modern ''tús'')
*Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. ''soṁaiṁ'' /somai̯mʰ/ 'he finds (intransitive)', ''bó·soṁa'' /niːˈsoma/ 'he does not find' (modern ''somh'')
*Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. ''soṁaiṁ'' /somai̯mʰ/ 'he finds (intransitive)', ''bó·soṁa'' /boːˈsoma/ 'he does not find' (modern ''somh'')
*Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''as·tóċ'' /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', ''bó·assaċ'' /niːˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove' (modern ''stóch'')
*Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''as·tóċ'' /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', ''bó·assaċ'' /boːˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove' (modern ''stóch'')
*Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. ''dor·coḃ'' /dorˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (< ''de-ar-cobymis'' 'at-on-bear'), ''bó·dérb'' /niːˈdeːrb/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern ''déarb'')
*Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. ''dor·coḃ'' /dorˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (< ''de-ar-cobymis'' 'at-on-bear'), ''bó·dérb'' /boːˈdeːrb/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern ''déarb'')


In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed.  
In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed.  

Revision as of 00:49, 19 June 2017

Old Tíogall is a highly inflected fusional language, much more so than modern Tíogall. Much of Proto-Talmic morphology survives in Old Tíogall. However, Old Tíogall is most notorious for its often unpredictable verbal allomorphy.

Nouns

Nouns fall into one of masculine, feminine and neuter genders and inflect for singular and plural numbers, inherited from the Thensarian singulative and plurative.

The definite article, inherited from the Thensarian demonstrative inom, is in for singular nouns and na for plural nouns; they trigger mutations based on gender.

Nouns are also inflected for construct state and take possessive suffixes, inherited from Thensarian.

Adjectives

Pronouns

Verb prefixes

Preverb prefixes

Object prefixes

Object prefixes are inherited from Proto-Quihum and are placed in a slot between preverbs and the stem.

Verb TAMs

Old Tíogall inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Old Tíogall displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs:

  • Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. túsaiṁ /ˈtuːsai̯mʰ/ 'he prays', bó·tús /boːˈtuːs/ 'he does not pray' (modern tús)
  • Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. soṁaiṁ /somai̯mʰ/ 'he finds (intransitive)', bó·soṁa /boːˈsoma/ 'he does not find' (modern somh)
  • Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. as·tóċ /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', bó·assaċ /boːˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove' (modern stóch)
  • Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. dor·coḃ /dorˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (< de-ar-cobymis 'at-on-bear'), bó·dérb /boːˈdeːrb/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern déarb)

In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed.

Present

Person túsain "pray, request"
(non-prefixed, non-ablauting)
soṁain '"find"
(non-prefixed, ablauting)
as·tóċan "prove"
(prefixed, non-ablauting)
dor·coḃ "tolerate"
(prefixed, ablauting)
1SG túsain < tússanis
bó·tús < bocs tússan
soṁain < somynis
bó·soṁ < bocs somyn
as·tóċan < astósācon
bó·assaċ < bocs ástosācon
dor·coḃ
bó·dérb
2SG túsair < tússaris
bó·túsar < bocs tússar
soṁair < somyris
bó·soṁar < bocs somyr
as·tóċar < astósācor
bó·assaċar < bocs ástosācor
dor·coḃar
bó·dérbar
3SG.M túsaiṁ < tússamis
bó·tús < bocs tússam
soṁaiṁ < somymis
bó·soṁ < bocs somym
as·tóċ < astósācom
bó·assaċ < bocs ástosācom
dor·coḃ
bó·dérb
3SG.F túsaé < tússasis
bó·túsaé < bocs tússasi
soṁaé < somysis
bó·soṁaé < bocs somysi
as·tóċaé < astósācosi
bó·assaċ < bocs ástosācosi
dor·coḃaé
bó·dérbaé
3SG.N tús < tússas
bó·tús < bocs tússa
soiṁ < somis
bó·soṁ < bocs somy
as·tóċ < astósācos
bó·assaċ < bocs ástosāco
dor·coḃ
bó·dérb
1EX túsmae < tússamēs
bó·túsaiṁ < bocs tússamē
sommae < somymēs
bó·soṁaiṁ < bocs somymē
as·tóċaiṁ < astósācomē
bó·assaċaiṁ < bocs ástosācomē
dor·coḃaiṁ
bó·dérbaiṁ
1IN túsait < tússantis
bó·túsat < bocs tússant
soṁait < somyntis
bó·soṁat < bocs somynt
as·tóċat < astósācont
bó·assaċat < bocs ástosācont
dor·coḃat
bó·dérbat
2PL túsaisc < tússasces
bó·túsaisc < bocs tússasce
soṁaisc < somysces
bó·soṁasc < bocs somysce
as·tóċaisc < astósācosce
bó·assaċaisc < bocs ástosācosce
dor·coḃaisc
bó·dérbaisc
3PL túsaiḋ < tússatis
bó·túsaḋ < bocs tússat
soṁaiḋ < somytis
bó·soṁaḋ < bocs somyt
as·tóċaḋ < astósācot
bó·assaċaḋ < bocs ástosācot
dor·coḃaḋ
bó·dérbaḋ

Imperfect

The imperfect is formed with reduplication as in Thensarian.

Person túsain "pray, request"
(non-prefixed, non-ablauting)
soṁain '"find"
(non-prefixed, ablauting)
as·tóċan "prove"
(prefixed, non-ablauting)
dor·coḃ "tolerate"
(prefixed, ablauting)
1SG téussain < tétussanis
bó·téuss < bocs tétussan
séṁain < sésomynis
bó·séṁ < bocs sésomyn
as·tecc
bó·astóċ
dor·coġḃ
bó·dercob
2SG téussair < tétussaris
bó·téussar < bocs tétussar
séṁair < somyris
bó·séṁar < bocs sésomyr
as·teccar
bó·astóċar
dor·coġḃar
bó·dercobar
3SG.M téussaiṁ < tétussamis
bó·téuss < bocs tétussam
séṁaiṁ < sésomymis
bó·séṁ < bocs sésomym
as·tecc
bó·astóċ
dor·coġḃ
bó·dercob
3SG.F téussaé < tétussasis
bó·téussaé < bocs tétussasi
séṁaé < sésomysis
bó·séṁaé < bocs sésomysi
as·teccaé
bó·astóċaé
dor·coġḃaé
bó·dercobaé
3SG.N téuss < tétussas
bó·téuss < bocs tétussa
séṁ < sésomis
bó·séṁ < bocs sésomy
as·tecc
bó·astóċ
dor·coġḃ
bó·dercob
1EX téussaiṁ < tétussamēs
bó·téussaiṁ < bocs tétussamē
sémmae < sésomymēs
bó·séṁaiṁ < bocs sésomymē
as·teccaiṁ
bó·astóċaiṁ
dor·coġḃaiṁ
bó·dercobaiṁ
1IN téussait < tétussantis
bó·téussat < bocs tétussant
séṁait < sésomyntis
bó·séṁat < bocs sésomynt
as·teccat
bó·astóċat
dor·coġḃat
bó·dercobat
2PL téussaisc < tétussasces
bó·téussaisc < bocs tétussasce
séṁaisc < sésomysces
bó·soṁasc < bocs sésomysce
as·teccaisc
bó·astóċaisc
dor·coġḃaisc
bó·dercobaisc
3PL téussaiḋ < tétussatis
bó·téussaḋ < bocs tétussat
séṁaiḋ < sésomytis
bó·séṁaḋ < bocs sésomyt
as·teccaḋ
bó·astóċaḋ
dor·coġḃaḋ
bó·dercobaḋ

Preterite

Person túsain "pray, request"
(non-prefixed, non-ablauting)
soṁain '"find"
(non-prefixed, ablauting)
as·tóċan "prove"
(prefixed, non-ablauting)
dor·coḃ "tolerate"
(prefixed, ablauting)
1SG túsnaim < tússannemis
bó·túsainn < bocs tússannem
siṁnim < siminnemis
bó·siṁinn < bocs siminnem
as·tóċainn < astósāconnem
bó·assaċainn < bocs ástosāconnem
dor·ciḃinn
bó·déirbinn
2SG túsaí < tússavȳs
bó·túsaí < bocs tússavȳ
siṁí < simivȳs
bó·siṁí < bocs simivȳ
as·tóċaí < astósācovȳ
bó·assaċaí < bocs ástosācovȳ
dor·ciḃí
bó·déirbí
3SG.M túsaim < tússasmis
bó·túsaim < bocs tússasmi
siṁim < simismis
bó·siṁim < bocs simismi
as·tóċaim < astósācosmi
bó·assaċaim < bocs ástosācosmi
dor·ciḃim
bó·déirbim
3SG.F túsais < tússastis
bó·túsais < bocs tússasti
siṁis < simistis
bó·siṁis < bocs simisti
as·tóċais < astósācosti
bó·assaċais < bocs ástosācosti
dor·ciḃis
bó·déirbis
3SG.N túsá < tússasos
bó·túsá < bocs tússaso
siṁeo < simisos
bó·siṁeo < bocs simiso
as·tóċá < astósācoso
bó·assaċá < bocs ástosācoso
dor·ciḃeo
bó·déirbeo
1EX túsmair < tússameris
bó·túsmar < bocs tússamer
simmir < simimeris
bó·simmer < bocs simimeris
as·tóċmar < astósācomer
bó·assaċmar < bocs ástosācomer
dor·ciḃmer
bó·déirbmer
1IN túsdair < tússanteris
bó·túsdar < bocs tússanter
siṁdir < siminteris
bó·siṁder < bocs siminteris
as·tóċdar < astósāconter
bó·assaċdar < bocs ástosāconter
dor·ciḃder
bó·déirbder
2PL tússcair < tússasceris
bó·tússcar < bocs tússascer
siṁscir < simisceris
bó·siṁscer < bocs simisceris
as·tóċscar < astósācosceris
bó·assaċscar < bocs ástosācoscer
dor·ciḃscer
bó·déirbscer
3PL túsṫair < tússateris
bó·túsṫar < bocs tússater
siṁṫir < simiteris
bó·siṁṫer < bocs simiteris
as·tóċṫar < astósācoter
bó·assaċṫar < bocs ástosācoter
dor·ciḃṫer
bó·déirbṫer

Future

Person túsain "pray, request"
(non-prefixed, non-ablauting)
soṁain '"find"
(non-prefixed, ablauting)
as·tóċan "prove"
(prefixed, non-ablauting)
dor·coḃ "tolerate"
(prefixed, ablauting)
1SG túsṫain < tússatēnis
bó·túsaiḋ < bocs tússatēn
sóitin < sontēnis
bó·sóit < bocs sontēn
as·tóċtan
bó·assaċt
dor·coċtan
bó·derċtan
2SG túsṫair < tússatēris
bó·túsṫar < bocs tússatēr
sóitir < sontēris
bó·sóiter < bocs sontēr
as·tóċtar
bó·assaċtar
dor·coċtar
bó·derċtar
3SG.M túsṫaiṁ < tússatēmis
bó·túsaiḋ < bocs tússatēm
sóitiṁ < sontēmis
bó·sóit < bocs somym
as·tóċt
bó·assaċt
dor·coċt
bó·derċt
3SG.F túsṫaé < tússatēsis
bó·túsṫaé < bocs tússatēsi
sóité < sontēsis
bó·sóité < bocs somysi
as·tóċtaé
bó·assaċtaé
dor·coċtaé
bó·derċtaé
3SG.N túsaiḋ < tússatēs
bó·túsaiḋ < bocs tússatē
sóit < sontēs
bó·sóit < bocs sontē
as·tóċt
bó·assaċt
dor·coċt
bó·derċt
1EX túsṫaiṁ < tússatēmēs
túsṫaiṁ < bocs tússatēmē
sóitiṁ < sontēmēs
bó·sóiteṁ < bocs sontēm
as·tóċtaiṁ
bó·assaċtaiṁ
dor·coċtaiṁ
bó·derċtaiṁ
1IN túsṫait < tússatēntis
bó·túsṫat < bocs tússatēnt
sóitit < sontēntis
bó·sóitet < bocs sontēnt
as·tóċtat
bó·assaċtat
dor·coċtat
bó·derċtat
2PL túsṫaisc < tússatēsces
bó·túsṫaisc < bocs tússatēsce
sóitisc < sontēsces
bó·sóitisc < bocs sontēsce
as·tóċtaisc
bó·assaċtaisc
dor·coċtaisc
bó·derċtaisc
3PL túsṫaiḋ < tússatētis
bó·túsṫaḋ < bocs tússatēt
sóitiḋ < sontētis
bó·sóiteḋ < bocs sontēt
as·tóċtaḋ
bó·assaċtaḋ
dor·coċtaḋ
bó·derċtaḋ

Present subjunctive

Past subjunctive

Imperative

Verbal noun