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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (/'ɛivɔ/; English: AY-voh; from the word for "common, shared") is a [[Talmic language]] belonging to the Eevoic branch; it descends from [[Old Eevo]], originally spoken in the Smewlan Peninsula. Eevo is the most dominant modern language in [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]. | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (/'ɛivɔ/; English: AY-voh; from the word ''ébhó'' for "common, shared") is a [[Talmic language]] belonging to the Eevoic branch; it descends from [[Old Eevo]], originally spoken in the Smewlan Peninsula. Eevo is the most dominant modern language in [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]. | ||
It's inspired by Icelandic, Welsh and (literally read) Hmong. | It's inspired by Icelandic, Welsh and (literally read) Hmong. |
Revision as of 06:39, 12 August 2017
Scellan-English lexicon
Swadesh list
Names
Scellan | |
---|---|
bris Eevom | |
Pronunciation | [[Help:IPA|bris ɛivɔm]] |
Created by | IlL |
Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Extinct | 220 v.T. |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | qee |
Scellan (/'ɛivɔ/; English: AY-voh; from the word ébhó for "common, shared") is a Talmic language belonging to the Eevoic branch; it descends from Old Eevo, originally spoken in the Smewlan Peninsula. Eevo is the most dominant modern language in Tricin.
It's inspired by Icelandic, Welsh and (literally read) Hmong.
Todo
- -n > -m (at least after w)
- a > a
- á > aw
- ae > ai
- ai > e
- aei, ái > ee
- ao, aoi > øø
- e > y /ə/
- é > ee
- éi > oi > wa
- eó, éu > ew
- ei, i > e
- i > i
- iu > y
- iú > iw
- o > o
- oi > y
- ó > oo
- ói, ua > wa
- u, io > w
- ui > y
- ú > u /y/
- úi > wi
- Old Eevo prefixes remain productive.
- D'eell naw'r /tɛɪχ laur/ = I love you
- -att = forms adjectives
- tus = to wish
- Formal Eevo has possessive suffixes
- silent leniting prefix
- Toiréir Grughaid > Tører Grwid
- Note to self: nd != nn in Eevo!!!
- Need more Netagin
- zyxwv "pleasant" < Koine Netagin zëxâbh
- Møli naw/møli cawv = thank you
- adjectives might be verbs
Background
- See also: Proto-Talmic.
Phonology
Consonants
m n~l ŋ tn̥~tɬ kŋ m̥ n̥~l̥~ɬ ŋ̊ (m n ŋ nn ŋŋ hm hn hŋ)
ʁ r χ r̥ (l r ll/hl rr/hr)
ph th kh (p t c)
hp ht hk (pp tt cc)
p t k (b d g)
f θ s ʃ ç h (f þ s x ch h)
ts tʃ (ts tx)
v ð z j (v ð z j)
/n n̥ tn/ are pronounced [l ɬ tl~tɬ] before vowels.
l r can be syllabic.
Vowels
/a ɛ i ɔ u œ y ə ai au eu iu ei øy ou iə uə ui/
a e i o w ø u y ai aw ew iw ee øø oo ia wa wi
Diaereses (ä ë ï ö ø̈ ẅ) can be used on stressed vowels to distinguish them from diphthongs.
Vowels in pausa are breathy-voiced or followed by a final [h] in many doalects.
Stress
Non-initial stress is marked with an acute accent in the romanized orthography.
Intonation
Eevo has a distinctive intonation paradigm. Within said paradigm, some accents can sound like Irish accents, while some accents sound more like Valspeak.
- In declarative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word (if there is no focused constituent, the last word) has a lower pitch than the immediately preceding syllable. ("...mid ꜜ LOW mid...") This originates from discursive uptalk in older forms of Eevo which has since generalized to all declarative sentences. A few accents, such as Tumacan accents, do not use this pattern.
- In interrogative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word has a higher pitch than the syllable immediately before. ("... mid ꜛ HIGH mid ... ?")
- In exclamations, the pattern is "... mid ꜜ LOW-HIGH mid ... !", possibly with a gradual drop to low pitch in the end. Angry or indignant questions also use an exclamatory intonation.
Diaphonology
Peninsular
Rrend Ew
- ee øø oo ia wa are all monophthongs: [e: ø: o: i: u:]
- i u w are lowered and lax.
- /x/ = [š]
Cdam Sre
- /χ/ = pharyngeal h
Early Modern Eevo
Middle Eevo
Orthography
In-universe, Eevo uses the Clofabic script, unlike other Talmic languages (except Roshterian).
Morphology
Eevo morphology tends to be simpler than most other Talmic languages; for example, it has no grammatical gender and no construct state.
Nouns
The plural is usually marked by -e (< Old Eevo -ae) for nouns ending in consonants and -r for nouns ending in vowels. Nouns of Netagin origin in -y may use an -ov plural.
There is no marking for possessors or possessed nouns.
- bris "language" > brise "languages"
- chamna "woman" > chamnar "women"
Definite marker = -m or -ym at end of NP
- va bris = a language
- va brisym = the language; va brisem = the languages
- va chamna = a woman
- va chamnam = the woman; va chamnarym = the women
- va swarym = the house
- va swar inym = the blue house
Pronouns
- naw /law/ = I
- fiar, 'r /fiər/ = you
- hav /hav/ = he
- ee /ei/ = she
- he /hɛ/ = it
- cawv /kʰauv/ = we (exc.)
- gwad /kuəd/ = we (inc.)
- swad /suəd/ = youse
- hawr /haur/ = they
Prepositions
Some prepositions inflect.
Adjectives
Adjectives are essentially verbs that can take degree inflection.
Adjectives usually follow nouns; they may precede nouns in poetry.
Degree: -te = comparative; -ws = superlative
Copula
Eevo has no copula. Instead, the "predicate" or the focused constituent is fronted.
D'iant va duvwŋym. = The teacher is sleeping.
TAM marking
Verbs have little inflection, and the bulk of verbs are completely regular. Eevo TAM marking tends to emphasize aspect more than tense, unusually for Talmic languages.
Imperfect
The imperfect uses the unmarked form of the verb followed by the subject. For example, Mol naw va duvwŋym means "I thank the teacher" or "I used to thank the teacher".
Progressive/Stative
To form the progressive, the particle dy is used before the verb.
Verbs referring to emotional states, as well as adjectives referring to states, commonly use the progressive. For example, D'eell naw'r means "I love you."
Preterite
Preterite (ergative): Iantin naw. = I slept.
Perfect
Perfect: Yv iant naw. = I have slept.
Future
The future tense is derived from the Old Eevo future tense.
- mol "thank" > molt
- iant "sleep" > iantyt
Derivational morphology
From... | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Noun | Verb | Adjective | Adverb | ||
To... | Noun | -wŋ (agentive) -os (instrument) -i (diminutive) -wr (augmentative) -emb (female suffix) ni- (non-) ir- (un-) |
-ach (verbal noun) -ev (verbal noun) -wŋ (agentive) -os (instrument) |
-e (abstract noun) -ev (abstract noun) |
|
Verb | (verbing?) | ar- (applicative) as- (telic) ee- (co-, with) for- (causative) fw- (back, re-) gol- (up) oc- (from, out) ro- (down) so- (towards) sen- (well) mi- (mis-) |
|||
Adjective | -att -on -o (origin) -ín (Netagin) -in (-ee) -gon (-able, but ergative) |
ni- (non-) ir- (un-) |
|||
Adverb | - |
Syntax
Eevo is strongly head-initial (with exceptions in poetry). It usually uses VSO word order; the focused constituent can be fronted.
Noun phrase
va and to are used as specified and unspecified determiners before the noun phrase (like Lushootseed ti and kʷi). Determiners are not used with prepositions.
to is used with questions and negated statements. Example:
- Es to bris mi?
- Q TO language this
- Is this a language?
- Te to lennos mi. (< lenn 'smoke' + *-ás (?) 'instrument') - this is often contracted to Tait lennos mi
- NEG TO smoking_pipe this
- This is not a pipe.
Compare:
- Va lennos mi.
- VA smoking_pipe this
- This is a pipe.
Determiners can be omitted in elevated language.
Verb phrase
- Oos te dy dysg ha to matto.
- even NEG PROG eat 3sg.m TO anything
- He's not even eating anything.
Relative clauses
- no relativizer is used when the head is the subject in the relative clause
- re is used otherwise
Complement clause
Modal expressions
- Byð naw va... = I have to (lit. it is my part to)
- Cwllin len va... = I can (lit. it is open for me to)
Vocabulary
A large portion of Eevo vocabulary (comparable to English) is borrowed, for example from Netagin, Clofabic languages or other Talmic labguages.