Scellan

Scellan-English lexicon
Swadesh list
Names
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Scellan
bris Eevom
Pronunciation	[[Help:IPA|bris ɛivɔm]]
Created by	IlL
Setting	Verse:Tricin
Language family	Quihum Talmic Thensaric Scellan
Language codes
ISO 639-3	qee

Scellan (/'ɛivɔ/; English: AY-voh; from the word ébhó for "common, shared") is a Talmic language belonging to the Eevoic branch; as its name suggests, it was originally a koiné spoken in the Smewlan Peninsula and across northern Mainland Talma. Eevo is now the most dominant modern language in Tricin.

It's inspired by Icelandic, Welsh and (literally read) Hmong.

Todo

• Goal: Duolingo course
• Old Eevo prefixes remain productive.
• -att = forms adjectives
• tus = to wish
• Formal Eevo has possessive suffixes
• silent leniting prefix
• Toiréir Grughaid > Tører Grwid
• Note to self: nd != nn in Eevo!!!
• Need more Netagin
• adjectives might be verbs
• Dyrring a bunym armi dy ynang = the living fish swims in water

Diachronics

-n > -m (at least after w)

• a > a
• á > aw
• ae > ai
• ai > e
• aei, ái > ee
• ao, aoi > øø
• e > y /ə/
• é > ee
• éi > oi > wa
• eó, éu > ew
• ei, i > e
• i > i
• iu > y
• iú > iw
• o > o
• oi > ø
• ó > oo
• ói, ua > wa
• u, io > w
• ui > y
• ú > u /y/
• úi > wi

Background

See also: Proto-Talmic.

Phonology

Consonants

m n~l ŋ tn̥~tɬ kŋ m̥ n̥~l̥~ɬ ŋ̊ (m n ŋ nn ŋŋ hm hn hŋ)

ʁ r χ r̥ (l r ll/hl rr/hr)

ph th kh (p t c)

hp ht hk (pp tt cc)

p t k (b d g)

f θ s ʃ ç h (f þ s x ch h)

ts tʃ (ts tx)

v ð z j (v ð z j)

/n n̥ tn/ are pronounced [l ɬ tl~tɬ] before vowels.

l r can be syllabic.

Vowels

/a ɛ i ɔ u œ y ə ai au eu iu ei øy ou iə uə ui/

a e i o w ø u y ai aw ew iw ee øø oo ia wa wi

Diaereses (ä ë ï ö ø̈ ẅ) can be used on stressed vowels to distinguish them from diphthongs.

Vowels in pausa are breathy-voiced or followed by a final [h] in many doalects.

Stress

Non-initial stress is marked with an acute accent in the romanized orthography.

Diaphonology

Rrend Ew

• ee øø oo ia wa are all monophthongs: [e: ø: o: i: u:]
• i u w are lowered and lax.

Cdam Sre

• /χ/ = pharyngeal h

Orthography

In-universe, Eevo uses the Clofabic script, unlike other Talmic languages (except Roshterian).

Morphology

Eevo morphology tends to be simpler than most other Talmic languages; for example, it has no grammatical gender and no construct state.

Nouns

The plural is usually marked by -e (< Old Eevo -ae) for nouns ending in consonants and -r for nouns ending in vowels. Nouns of Netagin origin in -y may use an -ov plural.

There is no marking for possessors or possessed nouns.

• bris "language" > brise "languages"
• chamna "woman" > chamnar "women"

Definite marker = -m or -ym

• a bris = a language
• a brisym = the language; a brisem = the languages
• a chamna = a woman
• a chamnam = the woman; a chamnarym = the women
• a swarym = the house
• a swarym vosde = the blue house

Pronouns

• naw /law/ = I
• fiar, iar, 'r /fiər/ = you
• hav /hav/ = he
• ee /ei/ = she
• he /hɛ/ = it
• cawv /kʰauv/ = we (exc.)
• gwad /kuəd/ = we (inc.)
• swad /suəd/ = youse
• hawr /haur/ = they

genitive pronouns: ren, rys, reev, ree, rec, riav, ryg, ryd, ryr

dative pronouns: len, lys, leev, lee, lec, liav, lyg, lyd, lyr

Adjectives

Adjectives are essentially verbs that can take degree inflection.

Adjectives usually follow nouns; they may precede nouns in poetry.

Degree: -te = comparative; -ws = superlative

Derivational morphology

		From...
		Noun	Verb	Adjective	Adverb
To...	Noun	-a (Netagin female suffix) -wŋ (agentive) -os (instrument) -i (diminutive) -óm (augmentative) -emb (female suffix) ni- (non-) ir- (un-)	-ach (verbal noun) -ev (verbal noun) -wŋ (agentive) -os (instrument)	-e (abstract noun) -ev (abstract noun) -íry(abstract noun)
	Verb	(verbing?)	ar- (applicative) as- (telic) ee- (co-, with) for- (causative) fw- (back, re-) gol- (up) oc- (from, out) ro- (down) so- (towards) sen- (well) mi- (mis-)
	Adjective	-att -on -o (origin) -ín (Netagin)	-i -in (-ee) -gon (-able, but ergative)	ni- (non-) ir- (un-)
	Adverb				-

Syntax

Eevo is strongly head-initial (with exceptions in poetry). It usually uses VSO word order; the focused constituent can be fronted.

Eevo is split-ergative, the split being conditioned by tense.

Noun phrase

a(ð) and to are used as specified and unspecified determiners before the noun phrase (like Lushootseed ti and kʷi). Determiners are not used with prepositions.

to is used with questions and negated statements. Example:

Es to bris mend?

Q TO language this

Is this a language?

Te to lennos mend. (< lenn 'smoke' + *-ás (?) 'instrument') - this is often contracted to Tait lennos mi

NEG TO smoking_pipe this

This is not a pipe.

Compare:

A lennos mend.

A smoking_pipe this

This is a pipe.

Determiners can be omitted in elevated language.

Predicates are fronted

Eevo has no copula. Instead, the "predicate" or the focused constituent is fronted:

e.g. D'eell naw ee. = I love her; Ee d'eell naw. = It's her that I love

D'iant a duvwŋym.

The teacher is sleeping.

Oos te dy dysg ha to matto.

even NEG PROG eat 3sg.m TO anything

He's not even eating anything.

TAM marking

Verbs have little inflection, and the bulk of verbs are completely regular.

Eevo is split-ergative, with imperfective tenses using accusative morphosyntax and perfective tenses using ergative morphosyntax.

Imperfect

The imperfect uses the unmarked form of the verb followed by the subject. For example, Mol naw a duvwŋym means "I thank the teacher" or "I used to thank the teacher".

Progressive/Stative

To form the progressive, the particle dy is used before the verb.

Verbs referring to emotional states, as well as adjectives referring to states, commonly use the progressive. For example, D'eell naw'r means "I love you."

Preterite

The preterite forces ergative morphosyntax.

• Iantin naw. = I slept.
• Vesin rw naw a attynem. = I painted the pictures.

Perfect

Perfect: Yv iant naw. = I have slept.

Perfect progressive: Yv fatt dy VERB SUBJECT

Future imperfective

The future imperfective uses the -t affix inherited from Old Eevo.

Future perfective

The future perfective tense is formed with ly + VERB. It is ergative.

Relative clauses

• no relativizer is used when the head is the subject in the relative clause
• re is used otherwise

If... then...

I yv tøøch to barach, (corþ) gias a cnoom.

If it has rained, (then) the grass is wet.

Modal expressions

• Byð naw a... = I have to (lit. it is my part to)
• Cwllin len a... = I can (lit. it is open for me to)

Vocabulary

Eevo's basic vocabulary is largely Talmic. However, a large portion of Eevo vocabulary (comparable to English) is borrowed, for example from Netagin, Clofabic languages (including Tamil) or other Talmic labguages.