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The '''instrumental''' ({{sc|ins}}) case serves a number of purposes in the Ris language. Primarily, it is used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which an action is conducted. | The '''instrumental''' ({{sc|ins}}) case serves a number of purposes in the Ris language. Primarily, it is used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which an action is conducted. | ||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | |||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em; border:1px solid #CCC; background:#f5f5f5" | |||
|+ | |+ | ||
<!-- Sentence --> | <!-- Sentence --> | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="3"|'''thēróuna nasḗr{{blue|ne}}''' | ||
! | |||
| colspan="3"|'''{{blue|napsántan}} as...''' | |||
| colspan=" | |||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="4"|''' | | colspan="4"| '''ktérman kátergo tī́km{{blue|ēnne}}''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | <!-- Pronunciation--> | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="3"|/tʰeːˈrʊna naˈseːrnɛ/ | ||
! | |||
| colspan="3"|/naˈpsantan as/ | |||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="4"|/ | | colspan="4"| /ˈktɛrman ˈkatɛrgo ˈtɪːkmeːnɛ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Morphemes--> | <!-- Morphemes--> | ||
|<small> | |<small>thēróuna</small> | ||
|<small> | |<small>nasḗr</small> | ||
|<small> | |<small>{{blue|-ne}}</small> | ||
|<small> | |||
! | |||
|<small>napsántas</small> | |||
|<small>{{blue|-n}}</small> | |||
|<small>as</small> | |||
! | ! | ||
|<small> | |<small>ktérman</small> | ||
|<small> | |<small>kátergo</small> | ||
|<small> | |<small>tī́km</small> | ||
|<small>- | |<small>{{blue|-ēnne}}</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Gloss--> | <!-- Gloss--> | ||
| | | to travel.{{sc|act.ind.ipfv.1.pl.inv-agt}} | ||
| {{sc| | |boat.{{sc|ma-inan.}} | ||
| | | -{{sc|{{blue|ins}}.sg}} | ||
| | ! | ||
| to learn.{{sc|act.pcp}} | |||
| -{{sc|{{blue|ins}}.sg}} | |||
|this.{{sc|prox.3.sg}} | |||
! | ! | ||
| | |letter.{{sc|ma-inan.pat.dc}} | ||
| | | to write.{{sc|act.ind.ipfv.1.sg.inv-agt}} | ||
| | |pen.{{sc|ma-inan.}} | ||
| -{{sc| | | -{{sc|{{blue|ins}}.dc}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Translations --> | <!-- Translations --> | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="3"| ''We go by boat'' | ||
! | |||
| colspan="3"|''By learning this...'' or ''By stealing this...'' | |||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="4"|'' | | colspan="4"| ''I write letters with pens'' | ||
|} | |} | ||