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For nouns where the vowel of the last syllable has breathy or tense voice, the situation is more complicated. They all take ergative suffixes of the form C V ɴ, where C is a consonant and V is a vowel. V is almost always /i/, except after /t/ or /d/, when it is /u/. However it is not possible to predict C, as shown by the examples below:
For nouns where the vowel of the last syllable has breathy or tense voice, the situation is more complicated. They all take ergative suffixes of the form C V ɴ, where C is a consonant and V is a vowel. V is almost always /i/, except after /t/ or /d/, when it is /u/. However it is not possible to predict C, as shown by the examples below:


*teyláae /teilɛʔː/ - shirt, absolutive
*teyláae /teilɛˤː/ - shirt, absolutive
*teyláaesin /teilɛʔːsiɴ / - shirt, ergative
*teyláaesin /teilɛˤːsiɴ / - shirt, ergative
*péy /peiʔ/ - book, absolutive
*péy /peiˤ/ - book, absolutive
*péykin /peiʔkiɴ/ - book, ergative
*péykin /peiˤkiɴ/ - book, ergative
*`kùe /kɨɦ/ - goods, absolutive
*`kùe /ʱkɨʱ/ - goods, absolutive
*`kùezin /kɨɦziɴ/ - goods, ergative
*`kùezin /ʱkɨʱziɴ/ - goods, ergative
*`ròe /ʁɘɦ/ - red object, absolutive
*`ròe /ʱʁɘʱ/ - red object, absolutive
*`ròedun /ʁɘɦduɴ/ – red object, ergative
*`ròedun /ʱʁɘʱduɴ/ – red object, ergative
*'ków /kouʔ/ - cup, absolutive
*'ków /ˤkouˤ/ - cup, absolutive
*'kówpin */kouʔpiɴ/ - cup, ergative
*'kówpin */ˤkouˤpiɴ/ - cup, ergative
*péylánkáe /peiʔlaɴʔkɛʔ/ - blanket, absolutive
*péylánkáe /peiˤlaɴˤkɛˤ/ - blanket, absolutive
*péylánkáetun /peiʔlaɴʔkɛʔtuɴ/ - blanket, ergative
*péylánkáetun /peiˤlaɴˤkɛˤtuɴ/ - blanket, ergative
*wùerù /wɨɦʁuɦ/- frog, absolutive
*wùerù /wɨʱʁuʱ/- frog, absolutive
*wùerùgin /wɨɦʁuɦgiɴ/ - frog, ergative
*wùerùgin /wɨʱʁuʱgiɴ/ - frog, ergative


While it may seem that the consonant inserted before the –in (or –un) suffix is random, there are some patterns. Firstly, the inserted consonant is always an obstruent (oral stop, affricate or fricative), and never a sonorant (nasal or approximant). Secondly, observe that, when the final vowel of the absolutive stem has tense voice, the inserted consonant is always voiceless, while if the final vowel of the absolutive stem has breathy voice, the inserted consonant is always voiced. These two rules hold across the language.
While it may seem that the consonant inserted before the –in (or –un) suffix is random, there are some patterns. Firstly, the inserted consonant is always an obstruent (oral stop, affricate or fricative), and never a sonorant (nasal or approximant). Secondly, observe that, when the final vowel of the absolutive stem has tense voice, the inserted consonant is always voiceless, while if the final vowel of the absolutive stem has breathy voice, the inserted consonant is always voiced. These two rules hold across the language.


Also, for readers with knowledge of whatever language Antarctican borrowed the particular noun stem from, note that the “inserted” consonant almost perfectly corresponds with the consonant at the end of the word e.g. the word for “frog”, (''wùerù'' /wɨɦʁuɦ/ in the absolutive case), is in fact descended from the English word “frog”. However, Antarctican does not like final consonants, so the final “g” was lost in the absolutive form. However in the ergative form, there is another vowel following the “g”, so it “reappears”, and the ergative form of the word is ''wùerùgin'' /wɨɦʁuɦgiɴ/. A similar story happens with the “t” in the word for “blanket”, which is also derived from English.
Also, for readers with knowledge of whatever language Antarctican borrowed the particular noun stem from, note that the “inserted” consonant almost perfectly corresponds with the consonant at the end of the word e.g. the word for “frog”, (''wùerù'' /wɨʱʁuʱ/ in the absolutive case), is in fact descended from the English word “frog”. However, Antarctican does not like final consonants, so the final “g” was lost in the absolutive form. However in the ergative form, there is another vowel following the “g”, so it “reappears”, and the ergative form of the word is ''wùerùgin'' /wɨʱʁuʱgiɴ/. A similar story happens with the “t” in the word for “blanket”, which is also derived from English.


====Stem changes====
====Stem changes====
However, for some of the nouns with breathy or tense voice on the final vowel of the absolutive stem, there are changes in the stem when they take the ergative suffix. These involve a change in vowel phonation to modal voice, and often a change in vowel quality (as given by the table in the phonology section). e.g.
However, for some of the nouns with breathy or tense voice on the final vowel of the absolutive stem, there are changes in the stem when they take the ergative suffix. These involve a change in vowel phonation to modal voice, and often a change in vowel quality (as given by the table in the phonology section). e.g.


'tùen /tɨɴɦ/- wound caused by a sting (e.g. a bee or a jellyfish), absolutive
'tùen /tɨɴʱ/- wound caused by a sting (e.g. a bee or a jellyfish), absolutive


'tin-gin /tiɴgiɴ/ - wound caused by a sting (e.g. a bee or a jellyfish), ergative (not *tùen-gin)
'tin-gin /tiɴgiɴ/ - wound caused by a sting (e.g. a bee or a jellyfish), ergative (not *tùen-gin)
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voicing as the final vowel, then they both change e.g.
voicing as the final vowel, then they both change e.g.


ùylòen /ʔuiɦlɘɴɦ/ - island, absolutive
ùylòen /ʔuiʱlɘɴʱ/ - island, absolutive


oylendun
oylendun
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tùròoen
tùròoen
/tuɦʁɘːɴɦ/ - fashionable items, absolutive
/tuʱʁɘːɴʱ/ - fashionable items, absolutive


toreendun
toreendun
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ámáeráy /ʔaʔmɛʔʁaiʔ/ - prey, absolutive
ámáeráy /ʔaˤmɛˤʁaiˤ/ - prey, absolutive


ameraeykin /ʔameʁɛikiɴ/ - prey, ergative
ameraeykin /ʔameʁɛikiɴ/ - prey, ergative
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syllable undergo vowel changes in the stem e.g.
syllable undergo vowel changes in the stem e.g.


'táen /tɛɴʔ/ - weather, absolutive
'táen /tɛɴˤ/ - weather, absolutive


'toenchin /tɘɴciɴ/ - weather, ergative
'toenchin /tɘɴciɴ/ - weather, ergative




kàao /kɜɦː/ - membership card, absolutive
kàao /kɜʱː/ - membership card, absolutive


kaadun /kaːduɴ/ - membership card, ergative
kaadun /kaːduɴ/ - membership card, ergative
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vowel, some undergo vowel changes e.g.                 
vowel, some undergo vowel changes e.g.                 


ùenào /ʔɨɦnɜɦ/ - eel, absolutive
ùenào /ʔɨʱnɜʱ/ - eel, absolutive


inajin /ʔinaɟiɴ/ - eel, ergative
inajin /ʔinaɟiɴ/ - eel, ergative
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`kùe /kɨɦ/ - goods, absolutive
`kùe /ʱkɨʱ/ - goods, absolutive


`kùezin /kɨɦziɴ/ - goods, ergative
`kùezin /ʱkɨʱziɴ/ - goods, ergative


 
 
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'ká /kaʔ/ - fence, absolutive
'ká /ˤkaˤ/ - fence, absolutive


kaechin /kɛciɴ/ - fence, ergative
kaechin /kɛciɴ/ - fence, ergative




ká /kaʔ/ - coconut milk, absolutive
ká /kaˤ/ - coconut milk, absolutive


kátlin /katɬiɴ/ coconut milk, ergative
kátlin /katɬiɴ/ coconut milk, ergative
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`pùelùe /pɨɦlɨɦ/ - bridge, absolutive
`'''p'''ùelùe /ʱ'''p'''ɨʱlɨʱ/ - bridge, absolutive


bilidlin /bilidɮiɴ/ - bridge, ergative
'''b'''ilidlin /'''b'''ilidɮiɴ/ - bridge, ergative




`pàoy /pɜiɦ/ - baby, absolutive
`'''p'''àoy /ʱ'''p'''ɜiʱ/ - baby, absolutive


baybyin /baibʲiɴ/ - baby, ergative
'''b'''aybyin /'''b'''aibʲiɴ/ - baby, ergative




`nyùewsùeylòen /ɲɨuɦsɨɦiɦlɘɴɦ/ - New Zealand, absolutive
`nyùew'''s'''ùeylòen /ʱɲɨuʱ'''s'''ɨiʱlɘɴʱ/ - New Zealand, absolutive


nyuuziilendun /ɲuːziːleɴduɴ/ - New Zealand, ergative
nyuu'''z'''iilendun /ɲuː'''z'''iːleɴduɴ/ - New Zealand, ergative




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yéysitléynyéy /jeiʔsitɬeiʔɲeiʔ/ - mutton, absolutive
yéysi'''tl'''éynyéy /jeiˤsi'''tɬ'''eiˤɲeiˤ/ - mutton, absolutive


yéysidlinyuekin /jeiʔsidɮiɲɨkiɴ/ - mutton, ergative
yéysi'''dl'''inyuekin /jeiˤsi'''dɮ'''iɲɨkiɴ/ - mutton, ergative




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For word initial voiceless obstruents followed by tense voiced vowels in the absolutive
For word initial voiceless obstruents followed by tense voiced vowels in the absolutive
form, which change to modal voice vowels in the ergative form, sometimes this change
form, which change to modal voice vowels in the ergative form, sometimes this change
also occurs e.g.
also occurs as long as there is no tense floating phonation e.g.




támá /taʔmaʔ/- victim of a scam / swindle, absolutive
'''t'''ámá /'''t'''aˤmaˤ/- victim of a scam / swindle, absolutive


damaesin /damɛsiɴ/ - victim of a scam / swindle, ergative
'''d'''amaesin /'''d'''amɛsiɴ/ - victim of a scam / swindle, ergative




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yuuwéy /juːweiʔ/ - clothes, absolutive
aetenàolùn /ʔɛte'''n'''ɜʱluɴʱ/ - heart, absolutive
 
yuufoekin /juːfɘkiɴ/ - clothes, ergative
 
 
aetenàolùn /ʔɛtenɜɦluɴɦ/ - heart, absolutive


aetoetnalonzin /ʔɛtɘtnaloɴziɴ/ - heart, ergative
aetoetnalonzin /ʔɛtɘ'''tn'''aloɴziɴ/ - heart, ergative


 
 
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'kqów
''''kq'''ów
/kʼouʔ/ - a small amount, absolutive
/ˤ'''k'''ʼouˤ/ - a small amount, absolutive


'kuhli /\kuɬi/ - a small amount, ergative
''''k'''uhlin /ˤ'''k'''uɬiɴ/ - a small amount, ergative




ráetqówléykuetu /ʁɛʔtʼoleiʔkɨtu/ - something self-limiting, absolutive
ráe'''tq'''ówléykuetu /ʁɛˤ'''tʼ'''oleiˤkɨtu/ - something self-limiting, absolutive


ráetoluekuetu /ʁɛʔtolɨkɨtu/ something self-limiting, ergative
ráe'''t'''oluekuetu /ʁɛˤ'''t'''olɨkɨtu/ something self-limiting, ergative




'kéychqéy /keiʔcʼeiʔ/ - a female name, absolutive
'kéy'''chq'''éy /ˤkeiˤ'''cʼ'''eiˤ/ - a female name, absolutive


'kéychuekin /keiʔcɨkiɴ/ - a female name, ergative
'kéy'''ch'''uekin /ˤkeiˤ'''c'''ɨkiɴ/ - a female name, ergative


 
 
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'tùen /sitɨɴɦ/ - wound caused by a sting (e.g. a bee or a jellyfish), absolutive
'tùen /ˤtɨɴʱ/ - wound caused by a sting (e.g. a bee or a jellyfish), absolutive


'tin-gin /sɨtiɴgiɴ/ - wound caused by a sting (e.g. a bee or a jellyfish), ergative
'tin-gin /ˤtiɴgiɴ/ - wound caused by a sting (e.g. a bee or a jellyfish), ergative


'tin-gi-u /sɨtiɴgiʔu/ - wound caused by a sting, comitative
'tin-gi-u /ˤtiɴgiˤu/ - wound caused by a sting, comitative




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/teilɛʔːsiɴ / - shirt, ergative
/teilɛʔːsiɴ / - shirt, ergative


teyláaesi-u /teilɛʔːsiʔu/ - shirt, comitative
teyláaesi-u /teilɛʔːsiˤu/ - shirt, comitative




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péykin /peiʔkiɴ/ - book, ergative
péykin /peiʔkiɴ/ - book, ergative


péyki-u /peiʔkiʔu/ - book, comitative
péyki-u /peiʔkiˤu/ - book, comitative




`kùe /kɨɦ/ - goods, absolutive
`kùe /ʱkɨʱ/ - goods, absolutive


`kùezin /kɨɦziɴ/ - goods, ergative
`kùezin /ʱkɨʱziɴ/ - goods, ergative


`kùezi-u /kɨɦziʔu/ - goods, comitative
`kùezi-u /ʱkɨʱziʔu/ - goods, comitative




`ròe /ʁɘɦ/ - red object, absolutive
`ròe /ʱʁɘʱ/ - red object, absolutive


`ròedun /ʁɘɦduɴ/ – red object, ergative
`ròedun /ʱʁɘʱduɴ/ – red object, ergative


`ròedu-u /ʁɘɦduʔu/ – red object, comitative
`ròedu-u /ʱʁɘʱduʔu/ – red object, comitative




'ków /kouʔ/ - cup, absolutive
'ków /ˤkouˤ/ - cup, absolutive


'kówpin /kouʔpiɴ/ - cup, ergative
'kówpin /ˤkouˤpiɴ/ - cup, ergative


'kówpi-u /kouʔpiʔu/ - cup, comitative
'kówpi-u /ˤkouˤpiʔu/ - cup, comitative




péylánkáe /peiʔlaɴʔkɛʔ/ - blanket, absolutive
péyláenkáe /peiˤlɛɴˤkɛˤ/ - blanket, absolutive


péylánkáetun /peiʔlaɴʔkɛʔtuɴ/ - blanket, comitative
péyláenkáetun /peiˤlɛɴˤkɛˤtuɴ/ - blanket, comitative


péylánkáetu-u /peiʔlaɴʔkɛʔtuʔu/ - blanket, ergative
péyláenkáetu-u /peiˤlɛɴˤkɛˤtuʔu/ - blanket, ergative




wùerù /wɨɦʁuɦ/ - frog, absolutive
wùerù /wɨʱʁuʱ/ - frog, absolutive


wùerùgin /wɨɦʁuɦgiʔu/ - frog, ergative
wùerùgin /wɨʱʁuʱgiɴ/ - frog, ergative


wùerùgiqu /wɨɦʁuɦgiɴ/ - frog, comitative
wùerùgiqu /wɨʱʁuʱgiʔu/ - frog, comitative


 
 
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| yew- /jeu/ || 1st person inclusive plural
| yew- /jeu/ || 1st person inclusive plural
|-
|-
| ti- /ti/ || 2nd person
| te- /te/ || 2nd person
|-
|-
| wa- /wa/ || 3rd person, topicalised
| wa- /wa/ || 3rd person, topicalised
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So, in the absolutive
So, in the absolutive
case, “my clothes” or “our clothes” (not including you) would be myiyuuwéy /mʲijuːweiʔ/, “your clothes” would be tiyuuwéy /tijuːweiʔ/ etc.
case, “my frog” or “our frog” (not including you) would be myiwùerù /mʲiwɨʱʁuʱ/, “your frog” would be tiwùerù /tiwɨʱʁuʱ/ etc.


 
 
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`pùelùe /pɨɦlɨɦ/ - bridge, absolutive
`pùelùe /ʱpɨʱlɨʱ/ - bridge, absolutive


`myùepùelùe /mʲɨɦpɨɦlɨɦ/ - my bridge, absolutive (not *myipùelùe)
`myùepùelùe /ʱmʲɨʱpɨʱlɨʱ/ - my bridge, absolutive (not *myipùelùe)


tùepùelùe /tɨɦpɨɦlɨɦ/ - your bridge, absolutive (not *tipùelùe)
tùepùelùe /tɨʱpɨʱlɨʱ/ - your bridge, absolutive (not *tipùelùe)




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`pùelùe /pɨɦlɨɦ/- bridge, absolutive
`pùelùe /ʱpɨʱlɨʱ/- bridge, absolutive


bilidlin /bilidɮiɴ/ - bridge, ergative
bilidlin /bilidɮiɴ/ - bridge, ergative


`myùepùelùe /mʲɨɦpɨɦlɨɦ/ - my bridge, absolutive
`myùepùelùe /ʱmʲɨʱpɨʱlɨʱ/ - my bridge, absolutive


myibilidlin /mʲibilidɮiɴ/ - my bridge, ergative
myibilidlin /mʲibilidɮiɴ/ - my bridge, ergative
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'kqów
'kqów
/kʼouʔ/ - a small amount, absolutive
/ˤkʼouˤ/ - a small amount, absolutive


'kuhli /kuɬi/ - a small amount, ergative
'kuhlin /kuɬiɴ/ - a small amount, ergative


myéykuhli /mʲeiʔkuɬi/ - my small amount, ergative
'myéykuhlin /mʲeiˤkuɬiɴ/ - my small amount, ergative




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`byùe /bʲɨɦ/ - mouth, absolutive
`byùe /ʱbʲɨʱ/ - mouth, absolutive


`byijin /bʲiɟiɴ/ - mouth, ergative
`byijin /ʱbʲiɟiɴ/ - mouth, ergative


myùebyùe /mʲɨɦbʲɨɦ/ - my mouth, absolutive
`myùebyùe /ʱmʲɨʱbʲɨʱ/ - my mouth, absolutive


`myùebyijin /mʲɨɦbʲiɟiɴ/ - my mouth, ergative
`myùebyijin /ʱmʲɨʱbʲiɟiɴ/ - my mouth, ergative
 
 
=====Prediction of Floating Phonation=====
 
As a rule, whether or not a noun has floating phonation cannot be
predicted. The only time when it is possible to do so is for absolutive nouns,
if, in the ergative form, the first vowel loses its
breathy or tense phonation and becomes modally voiced. In this case, the rules
are given below:
 
 
 
======Sonorant Initial Stem======
 
If the
absolutive stem begins with a sonorant (nasal or approximant), and that
sonorant becomes devoiced when the vowel after it acquires modal voice in the
ergative form, then there is only ever modal floating phonation before it in both cases e.g.
 
 
màao /mɜɦː/ - betel nut, absolutive
 
pmaagin /pmaːgiɴ/ - betel nut, ergative
 
myimàao /mʲimɜɦː/ - my betel nut, absolutive
 
 
Otherwise,
if a word begins with a sonorant, then it always has floating phonation that is the same as that on the first vowel e.g.
 
 
'máláeyáa /maʔlɛʔjaʔː/ - manners, absolutive
 
maleyaaetun /malejɛːtuɴ/ - manners, ergative
 
 
'myéymáláeyáa /mʲeiʔmaʔlɛʔjaʔː/ - my manners, absolutive
 
 
 
======Stem starts with /s/======
 
If the absolutive
stem begins with /s/, it can never have tense floating phonation
e.g.
 
sásaechin /saʔsɛciɴ/ - stab wound, absolutive
 
myisásaechin /mʲisaʔsaɛciɴ/ - my stab wound, absolutive
 
 
 
In the case
of absolutive nouns with breathy voice on the first vowel, if, in the ergative
form, the initial /s/ becomes voiced /z/, then the word has breathy floating phonation e.g.
 
 
`sàomùe /sɜɦmɨɦ/ - (major) wife, absolutive
 
zamibyin /zamibʲiɴ/ - (major) wife, ergative
 
`myùesàomùe /mʲɨɦsɜɦmɨɦ/ - my (major) wife, absolutive (not *myisàomùe)
 
 
But if, in
the ergative form, the first vowel acquires modal voice but the initial
consonant stays as voiceless /s/, then in both the absolutive form and the ergative, there is floating modal phonation e.g.
 
 
sàopyùe /sɜɦpʲɨɦ/ - speech (as in words, not a formal speech), absolutive
 
sabyishin /sabʲiçiɴ/ - speech (as in words, not a formal speech), ergative
 
myisàopyùe /mʲisɜɦpʲɨɦ/ - my speech (as in words, not a formal speech), absolutive
 
 
 
======Other stems======
 
If the
absolutive stem begins with another obstruent (oral stop, affricate or
fricative) followed by a vowel with tense voice, and that obstruent stays voiceless even when followed by a modally
voiced vowel (in the ergative form), then the absolutive form has tense floating phonation e.g.
 
 
'táen /tɛɴʔ/ - weather, absolutive
 
toenchin /tɘɴciɴ/ - weather, ergative
 
'myéytáen /mʲeiʔtɛɴʔ/ - my weather, absolutive
 
 
But if the obstruent becomes voiced, then there is only ever floating modal phonation e.g.
 
 
támá /taʔmaʔ/ - victim of a scam / swindle, absolutive
 
damaesin /damaɛsiɴ/ - victim of a scam / swindle, ergative
 
myitámá /mʲitaʔmaʔ/ - my victim of a scam / swindle, absolutive
 
 
 
And vice versa, if the absolutive form of a noun begins with a voicless obstruent followed by a breathy voiced vowel, and that vowel becomes voiced in the ergative form, then the absolutive form has floating breathy phonation e.g.
 
 
`pùelùe /pɨɦlɨɦ/ - bridge, absolutive
 
bilidlin /bilidɮiɴ/ - bridge, ergative
 
`myùepùelùe /mʲɨɦpɨɦlɨɦ/ - my bridge, absolutive
 
 
`pàoy /pɜiɦ/- baby, absolutive
 
baybyin /baibʲiɴ/ - baby, ergative
 
`myùepàoy /mʲɨɦpɜiɦ/ - my baby, absolutive
 
 
 
And if the
obstruent stays voiceless in the ergative form, then there is only ever floating modal phonation e.g.
 
 
pàoy /pɜiɦ/ - page, absolutive
 
paydlin /paidɮiɴ/ - page, ergative
 
myipàoy /mʲipɜiɦ/ - my page, absolutive
 
 


====Nasalisation of Velar Initials====
====Nasalisation of Velar Initials====
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`kùe /kɨɦ/ - goods, absolutive
`kùe /ʱkɨʱ/ - goods, absolutive


`myùengùe /mʲɨɦŋɨɦ/ - my goods, absolutive
`myùengùe /ʱmʲɨʱŋɨʱ/ - my goods, absolutive




'kéyváy /keiʔɥaiʔ/ - tongue, absolutive
'kéyváy /ˤkeiˤɥaiˤ/ - tongue, absolutive


'myéyngéyváy /mʲeiʔŋeiʔɥaiʔ/ - my tongue, absolutive
'myéyngéyváy /ˤmʲeiˤŋeiˤɥaiˤ/ - my tongue, absolutive


 
 


===Possession by a Noun===
===Possession by a Noun===
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`kùeràotùu /kɨɦʁɜɦtuɦː/ - bone, absolutive
`kùeràotùu /ʱkɨʱʁɜʱtuʱː/ - bone, absolutive


yini /jini/ - dog, absolutive
yini /jini/ - dog, absolutive


`wòeykùeràotùu yini /wɘiɦkɨɦʁɜɦtuɦː jini/ - the
`wòeykùeràotùu yini /ʱwɘiʱkɨʱʁɜʱtuʱː jini/ - the
dog’s bone, absolutive, alienable (i.e. the one that it eats, buries etc.)
dog’s bone, absolutive, alienable (i.e. the one that it eats, buries etc.)


`nùkùeràotùu yini /nuɦkɨɦʁɜɦtuɦː jini/ - the dog’s bone,
`nùkùeràotùu yini /ʱnuʱkɨʱʁɜʱtuʱː jini/ - the dog’s bone,
absolutive, inalienable (i.e. the one that is a part of it)
absolutive, inalienable (i.e. the one that is a part of it)


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'kówntátu /kouɴʔtaʔtu/ – acquaintance, absolutive
'kówntátu /ˤkouɴˤtaˤtu/ – acquaintance, absolutive


'kókówntátu /koʔkouɴʔtaʔtu/– acquaintances (of each other), absolutive
'kókówntátu /ˤkoˤkouɴˤtaˤtu/– acquaintances (of each other), absolutive


 
 
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sátozii /saʔtoziː/ – enemy, absolutive
sátozii /saˤtoziː/ – enemy, absolutive


myisátozii /mʲisaʔtoziː/ – my enemy, absolutive
myisátozii /mʲisaˤtoziː/ – my enemy, absolutive


sasátozii /sasaʔtoziː/ - enemies (of each other), absolutive
sasátozii /sasaˤtoziː/ - enemies (of each other), absolutive




`rùy /ʁuiɦ/- rival, absolutive
`rùy /ʱʁuiʱ/- rival, absolutive


`myùerùy /mʲɨɦʁuiɦ/ - my rival, absolutive
`myùerùy /ʱmʲɨʱʁuiʱ/ - my rival, absolutive


`rùrùy /ʁuɦʁuiɦ/ - rivals (of each other), absolutive
`rùrùy /ʱʁuʱʁuiʱ/ - rivals (of each other), absolutive




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wùeròen /wɨɦʀɘɴɦ/ - friend, absolutive
wùeròen /wɨʱʀɘɴʱ/ - friend, absolutive


fiwùeròen /fiwɨɦʀɘɴɦ/ - friends (of each other), absolutive
fiwùeròen /fiwɨʱʀɘɴʱ/ - friends (of each other), absolutive


These arise from when the first vowel has breathy or tense voice, but the first consonant is underlyingly a voiced obstruent or a prestopped nasal. These can only occur before modally voiced vowels, and are thus modified before the vowel with breathy or tense voice. But if word has floating modal phonation, then the vowel there will have modal voice and the underlying consonant will surface there.
These arise from when the first vowel has breathy or tense voice, but the first consonant is underlyingly a voiced obstruent or a prestopped nasal. These can only occur before modally voiced vowels, and are thus modified before the vowel with breathy or tense voice. But if word has floating modal phonation, then the vowel there will have modal voice and the underlying consonant will surface there.
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