Haoli: Difference between revisions

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|region =
|region =
|familycolor=
|familycolor=
|fam1= Proto-Haoli
|fam1= Proto-Xawlih
|fam2= Old Haoli
|fam2= Xawlih
|fam3=  
|fam3=  
|famr= 'Ináwah
|famr= 'Ináwah
|iso3=
|iso3=
|script=Haoadh Ghoath Alpha-syllabary
|script=Haoað Ghoaþ Alpha-syllabary
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}
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{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!
!colspan= "2"|
!'''Bilabial'''
!'''Bilabial'''
!'''Labiodental'''
!'''Labiodental'''
Line 36: Line 36:
!'''Glottal'''
!'''Glottal'''
|-
|-
!'''Plosive'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Plosive'''
|p
!Voiceless
|'''p''' /p/
|
|
|colspan="3"|'''t''' /t/
|
|
|t d
|'''k''' /k/
|
|
|k g
|
|
|-
|-
!'''Nasal'''
!Voiced
|m
|'''b''' /b/
|
|
|
|n
|colspan="3"|'''d''' /d/
|
|
|ɲ
|'''g''' /g/
|ŋ
|
|
|-
|-
!'''Trill'''
!colspan="2"|'''Nasal'''
|'''m''' /m/
|
|
|colspan="3"|'''n''' /n/
|'''nj''' /ɲ/
|'''ng''' /ŋ/
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Trill'''
|
|
|r rʰ
|
|
|colspan="3"|'''r''' /r/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
!'''Fricative'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Fricative'''
|β
!Voiceless
|f vʰ
|θ ð
|s
|ʃ
|
|
|ɣ
|'''f''' /f/
|h
|'''þ''' /θ/
|'''s''' /s/
|'''c''' /ʃ/
|
|'''x''' /x/
|'''h''' /h/
|-
|-
!'''Lateral Fricative'''
!Voiced
|
|
|
|
|ɬ
|'''v''' /v/
|'''ð''' /ð/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|'''gh''' /ɣ/
|
|
|-
|-
!'''Approximant'''
!colspan="2"|'''Approximant'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|j
|colspan="3"|
|'''j''' /j/
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
!'''Lateral Approximant'''
!colspan="2"|'''Lateral Approximant'''
|
|
|
|
|
|colspan="3"|'''l''' /l/
|l
|
|
|
|
|
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{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''''
!colspan="2"|
!'''Front'''
!'''Front'''
!'''Back'''
!'''Back'''
|-
|-
!'''Close'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Close'''
|i
!short
|u
|'''i''' /i/
|
|-
!long
|'''ii/ī''' /iː/
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Open-Mid'''
!short
|'''e''' /ɛ/ '''u''' /u/
|'''o''' /ɔ/
|-
!long
|'''ee/ē''' /ɛː/ '''uu/ū''' /uː/
|'''oo/ō''' /ɔː/
|-
|-
!'''Open-Mid'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Open'''
|ɛ œ
!short
|ɔ
|'''a''' /a/
|
|-
|-
!'''Open'''
!long
|a
|'''aa/ā''' /aː/
|
|
|}
|}
==Phonotactics==


=Orthography=
=Orthography=
==Romanization==
==Native Orthography==
==Native Orthography==


=Morphology=
=Morphology=
==Nouns==
==Nouns==
[[Haoli/Nouns|Haoli Nouns]] decline for case, gender, and number.
===Gender===
Gender in Haoli pertains to how the plural is formed as well as how it is declined. Haoli articles do have gender agreement with the  constituent noun. Haoli has three genders: neuter, feminine, and masculine.
===Plurals===
Haoli plurals are formed by suffixes or ablaut.
===Pronouns===
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!colspan="7"|Pronouns
|-
!rowspan="2"| Person
|-
!colspan="3"|Singular
!colspan="3"|Plural
|-
!First Person
|colspan="3"|jan
|colspan="3"|bet
|-
!Second Person
|colspan="3"|si
|colspan="3"|al
|-
!Third Person
|veni || vene || vena || venic || venec || venac
|}
===Declension===
===Declension===
====Basic Cases====
* Nominative
*Accusative
*Dative
*Malefactive
*Adverbial
*Vocative
*Contrastive
*Genitive
====Oblique Cases====
*Translative
*Exessive
*Essive
*Instrumental
*Prolative
====Locative Cases====
''Internal''
*Innesive
*Hyperessive
*Illative
*Hyperlative
*Elative
*Hyper-elative
*Supraperlative
*Hyperlative
*Perlative
''Traversal''
*Lative
*Superlative
*Prosecutive
*Terminative
''Exodal''
*Ablative
*Antessive
*Delative
*Eblative
''Relational''
*Superessive
*Supraessive
*Comitative
*Pertingent
*Apudessive
*Enclosive
*Forbative
*Locative
*Bative
*Transversive
*Circumfrentive
*Situative
*Abessive
*Intrative
*Subessive
==Articles==
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!colspan="4"|Articles
|-
!Gender !! Article !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!rowspan="2"|Neuter || Definite
| von || vono
|-
!Indefinite
| lidi ||
|-
!rowspan="2"|Feminine || Definite
| ven || vene
|-
!Indefinite
| lede ||
|-
!rowspan="2"|Masculine || Definite
| vun || vunu
|-
!Indefinite
| lada ||
|}
==Verbs==
==Verbs==
===Conjugation===
[[Haoli/Verbs|Haoli Verbs]] conjugate for tense and mood.
===Negation===
Haoli uses the circumposition ''ro '''''VERB''''' an''.
 
Example:<br>
The flower is not black.<br>
'''''Ro''' eiþi '''an''' asti veti.''
 
===Tense===
*Present
*Imperfect
*Future
*Pluperfect
===Mood===
*Indicative
*Interrogative
*Subjunctive
*Conditional
*Imperative
*Jussive
*Opative
*Quotative
 
==Pre-Affixal Clitic Conjunctions==
 
===Coordinating Conjunctions===
*''jia'' – for
*''je'' – and
*''jue'' – but
*''aja'' – or
*''bo'' - yet
*''isjo'' - so
 
Examples:<br>
He listened '''and''' pondered.<br>
''Kroai '''je''''ajatoe vena.''<br><br>
 
===Correlative===
*''ajsi'' – rather than
*''ngo'' - as much as
*''laja'' – just as
*''ghe'' - but also
*''be'' - as
 
Examples:<br>
He was '''as''' selfless '''as''' the prophet Arin.<br>
''Isatro eiþae vena '''be''''ven felefþen.''<br><br>
 
==Table of Correlatives==
[[Haoli/Table of Correlatives|Haoli Table of Correlatives]]


=Syntax=
=Syntax=
==Word Order Tatuar==
==Word Order (Taturuc)==
 
 
===Modifier Order===
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
! colspan="3" |'''The Basic Forms'''
|-
!'''Tatur'''
!'''English Translation'''
!'''Word Order'''
|-
|Vun Pituð Tatur
|The Elegant Form
|Preceding Modifier
|-
|Vun Rasuð Tatur
|The Common Form
|Proceeding Modifier
|}
 
===Sentence Order===
===Sentence Order===
===Modifier Order===
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Tatur'''
!'''English Translation'''
!'''Word Order'''
|-
|Vun Isatuð Tatur
|The Egocentric/Dominant/Impolite Form
|S-V-O
|-
|Vun Roisatuð Tatur
|The Non-Egocentric/Submissive/Polite Form
|O-V-S
|}
 
=Numbers=
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!colspan="9"|Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers)
|-
!colspan="3"|[0-20]
!colspan="3"|[20-40]
!colspan="3"|20's [20-400]
|-
!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli !!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli !!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli
|-
|0 || 0 || mi || 20 || 10 || uv    || 0 || 0 || mi
|-
|1 || 1 || edu  || 21 || 11 || uvedu || 20 || 10 || uv
|-
|2 || 2 || ket  ||22 || 12 || uvket  || 40 || 20 || ketuv
|-
|3 || 3 || har  ||23 || 13 || uvhar  || 60 || 30 || haruv
|-
|4 || 4 || neg  ||24 || 14 || uvneg  || 80 || 40 || neguv
|-
|5 || 5 || ote  ||25 || 15 || uvote  || 100 || 50 || oteuv
|-
|6 || 6 || vat  ||26 || 16 || uvvat  || 120 || 60 || vatuv
|-
|7 || 7 || jet  ||27 || 17 || uvjet  || 140 || 70 || jetuv
|-
|8 || 8 || njol  ||28 || 18 || uvnjol || 160 || 80 || njoluv
|-
|9 || 9 || reso  ||29 || 19 || uvreso || 180 || 90 || resouv
|-
|10 || A || poi  ||30 || 1A || uvpoi  || 200 || A0 || poiuv
|-
|11 || B || ofu  ||31 || 1B || uvofu  || 220 || B0 || ofuuv
|-
|12 || C || ver  ||32 || 1C || uvver  || 240 || C0 || veruv
|-
|13 || D || los  ||33 || 1D || uvlos  || 260 || D0 || losuv
|-
|14 || E || is  ||34 || 1E || uvis  || 280 || E0 || isuv
|-
|15 || F || ox  ||35 || 1F || uvox  || 300 || F0 || oxuv
|-
|16 || G || cic  ||36 || 1G || uvcic  || 320 || G0 || cicuv
|-
|17 || H || tal  ||37 || 1H || uvtal  || 340 || H0 || taluv
|-
|18 || J || af  ||38 || 1J || uvaf  || 360 || J0 || afuv
|-
|19 || K || bona ||39 || 1K || uvbona || 380 || K0 || bonauv
|-
|20 || 10 || uv  ||40 || 20 || ketuv  || 400 || 100 || sin
|}
 
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!colspan="9"|Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers) [Powers of 20]
|-
! Power !! Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli
|-
| 20<sup>0</sup> || 1 || 1 || edu
|-
| 20<sup>1</sup> || 20 || 10 || uv
|-
| 20<sup>2</sup> || 400 || 100 || sin
|-
| 20<sup>3</sup> || 8,000 || 1,000 || biax
|-
| 20<sup>4</sup> || 160,000 || 10,000 || nova
|-
| 20<sup>5</sup> || 3,200,000 || 100,000 || jova
|-
| 20<sup>6</sup> || 64,000,000 || 1,000,000 || sova
|}
 
=Sample Texts=
 
=Lexicon=
 
[[Haoli/Lexicon|Haoli Lexicon]]
 
{{pri}}[[Category: Haoli]][[Category: Nominative-accusative languages]]

Latest revision as of 19:19, 9 February 2021

Haoli
Haoli
Pronunciation[[Help:IPA|ha.ɔ.li]]
Created byiancgil
Proto-Xawlih
  • Xawlih
    • Haoli
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Introduction

Haoli is the language spoken by the Haonai.

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Post Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive Voiceless p /p/ t /t/ k /k/
Voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /g/
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ nj /ɲ/ ng /ŋ/
Trill r /r/
Fricative Voiceless f /f/ þ /θ/ s /s/ c /ʃ/ x /x/ h /h/
Voiced v /v/ ð /ð/ gh /ɣ/
Approximant j /j/
Lateral Approximant l /l/

Vowels

Front Back
Close short i /i/
long ii/ī /iː/
Open-Mid short e /ɛ/ u /u/ o /ɔ/
long ee/ē /ɛː/ uu/ū /uː/ oo/ō /ɔː/
Open short a /a/
long aa/ā /aː/

Phonotactics

Orthography

Native Orthography

Morphology

Nouns

Haoli Nouns decline for case, gender, and number.

Gender

Gender in Haoli pertains to how the plural is formed as well as how it is declined. Haoli articles do have gender agreement with the constituent noun. Haoli has three genders: neuter, feminine, and masculine.

Plurals

Haoli plurals are formed by suffixes or ablaut.

Pronouns

Pronouns
Person
Singular Plural
First Person jan bet
Second Person si al
Third Person veni vene vena venic venec venac

Declension

Basic Cases

  • Nominative
  • Accusative
  • Dative
  • Malefactive
  • Adverbial
  • Vocative
  • Contrastive
  • Genitive

Oblique Cases

  • Translative
  • Exessive
  • Essive
  • Instrumental
  • Prolative

Locative Cases

Internal

  • Innesive
  • Hyperessive
  • Illative
  • Hyperlative
  • Elative
  • Hyper-elative
  • Supraperlative
  • Hyperlative
  • Perlative

Traversal

  • Lative
  • Superlative
  • Prosecutive
  • Terminative

Exodal

  • Ablative
  • Antessive
  • Delative
  • Eblative

Relational

  • Superessive
  • Supraessive
  • Comitative
  • Pertingent
  • Apudessive
  • Enclosive
  • Forbative
  • Locative
  • Bative
  • Transversive
  • Circumfrentive
  • Situative
  • Abessive
  • Intrative
  • Subessive

Articles

Articles
Gender Article Singular Plural
Neuter Definite von vono
Indefinite lidi
Feminine Definite ven vene
Indefinite lede
Masculine Definite vun vunu
Indefinite lada

Verbs

Haoli Verbs conjugate for tense and mood.

Negation

Haoli uses the circumposition ro VERB an.

Example:
The flower is not black.
Ro eiþi an asti veti.

Tense

  • Present
  • Imperfect
  • Future
  • Pluperfect

Mood

  • Indicative
  • Interrogative
  • Subjunctive
  • Conditional
  • Imperative
  • Jussive
  • Opative
  • Quotative

Pre-Affixal Clitic Conjunctions

Coordinating Conjunctions

  • jia – for
  • je – and
  • jue – but
  • aja – or
  • bo - yet
  • isjo - so

Examples:
He listened and pondered.
Kroai je'ajatoe vena.

Correlative

  • ajsi – rather than
  • ngo - as much as
  • laja – just as
  • ghe - but also
  • be - as

Examples:
He was as selfless as the prophet Arin.
Isatro eiþae vena be'ven felefþen.

Table of Correlatives

Haoli Table of Correlatives

Syntax

Word Order (Taturuc)

Modifier Order

The Basic Forms
Tatur English Translation Word Order
Vun Pituð Tatur The Elegant Form Preceding Modifier
Vun Rasuð Tatur The Common Form Proceeding Modifier

Sentence Order

Tatur English Translation Word Order
Vun Isatuð Tatur The Egocentric/Dominant/Impolite Form S-V-O
Vun Roisatuð Tatur The Non-Egocentric/Submissive/Polite Form O-V-S

Numbers

Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers)
[0-20] [20-40] 20's [20-400]
Decimal Vigesimal Haoli Decimal Vigesimal Haoli Decimal Vigesimal Haoli
0 0 mi 20 10 uv 0 0 mi
1 1 edu 21 11 uvedu 20 10 uv
2 2 ket 22 12 uvket 40 20 ketuv
3 3 har 23 13 uvhar 60 30 haruv
4 4 neg 24 14 uvneg 80 40 neguv
5 5 ote 25 15 uvote 100 50 oteuv
6 6 vat 26 16 uvvat 120 60 vatuv
7 7 jet 27 17 uvjet 140 70 jetuv
8 8 njol 28 18 uvnjol 160 80 njoluv
9 9 reso 29 19 uvreso 180 90 resouv
10 A poi 30 1A uvpoi 200 A0 poiuv
11 B ofu 31 1B uvofu 220 B0 ofuuv
12 C ver 32 1C uvver 240 C0 veruv
13 D los 33 1D uvlos 260 D0 losuv
14 E is 34 1E uvis 280 E0 isuv
15 F ox 35 1F uvox 300 F0 oxuv
16 G cic 36 1G uvcic 320 G0 cicuv
17 H tal 37 1H uvtal 340 H0 taluv
18 J af 38 1J uvaf 360 J0 afuv
19 K bona 39 1K uvbona 380 K0 bonauv
20 10 uv 40 20 ketuv 400 100 sin


Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers) [Powers of 20]
Power Decimal Vigesimal Haoli
200 1 1 edu
201 20 10 uv
202 400 100 sin
203 8,000 1,000 biax
204 160,000 10,000 nova
205 3,200,000 100,000 jova
206 64,000,000 1,000,000 sova

Sample Texts

Lexicon

Haoli Lexicon

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