Pategian: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
(192 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Dapkhan''' (''Dap Khah vaam'') is the official language of Dapkha in [[Bjeheond]].
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''nủtufỉxi'', from ''nủtu'' 'Pategian' + ''fỉxi'' 'language') is a [[Pategic languages|Pategic]] language spoken by the [[Verse:Tricin/Pategia|Pategian]] people in [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]].


<!--
It is inspired by Welsh, Hungarian, and classical IE languages (Latin, Greek and Avestan). Pategian is also analogous to Hungarian from a diachronic perspective: roots that are disyllabic in other Pategic languages are often monosyllabic in Pategian.


This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
==Dialects==
 
Pategian has 4 main dialects:
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
*Tảmhẻxra
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
*Fathrẩc
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
*Kẻlet
 
*Ảnfihẻzi
-->
 
==Introduction==
 
 
Dapkhan is a tonal language and is unrelated to the [[Hlou]]-[[Ku]] languages.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
p t ts tc k b d dz dq g ph th s c kh h f x z q m n l r lh rh j


Oddly enough, the only nasal sounds present in Dapkhan are retroflex, as the others have undergone mergers. /m n ɲ/ merged with /ʋ l j/ while /ŋ/ disappeared. Historical /z/ merged with /dʰ/.
/p t ts tʃ k b d dz dʒ g f θ s ʃ x h v ð z ʒ m n l r ɬ rʰ j/
 
===Initials===
 
p pʰ t tʰ ʈ ʈʰ c cʰ k kʰ bʰ dʰ ɖʰ ɟʰ gʰ
 
pɳ ʈɳ kɳ pʰɳ kʰɳ pɬ kɬ pr kr pr̥ kr̥
 
ɳ~ɭ̃ ɳʰ
 
ts s tɬ ɬ l tʳ r̥ r j ʋ
 
===Medials===
 
a e i o u (e and i are realized as /ə/ and /ɨ/ after retroflex consonants; o and u are realized as /ø/ and /y/ after palatals)
 
===Finals===
 
Ø (null), p, t, ʔ, ṃ (realized as nasalization and lengthening of the previous vowel)
 
===Tones===
 
There are four tones in Dapkhan in addition to the unstressed tone:
 
1) high level (ā /a˥˦/)
 
2) mid level (a or ạ /a˧/); not used with breathy initials or final stops
 
3) low dipping (ǎ /a˨˩˦/); realized as a low level tone with final stops
 
4) mid rising (á /˧˥/); not used with final stops
 
===Orthography===
 
The consonants are written:
 
''p ph t th nt nth c ch k kh b d nd j g''
 
''pn tn kn phn khn phl khl pr kr phr khr''
 
''n nh''
 
''ts s thl hl l thr hr r y v''
 
The vowels are ''a e i o u''. Finals are written ''p t k m''.
 
The high level tone is written with an ''h'' after the vowel if the final is null, or by doubling the final.
 
The mid level tone is unmarked.


The dipping tone is written by doubling the vowel. If the final is a stop, the dipping tone is unmarked.
===Vowels===
a â e i o u y ả ẩ ẻ ỉ ỏ ủ ỷ
/a ɑ e i o u ɨ a: ɑ: e: i: o: u: ɨ:/


The rising tone is written with an acute accent.
===Pitch accent===


==Syntax==
Old Pategian had a pitch accent in long vowels which could be rising (written ả) or falling (written ạ). The distinction is neutralized in Modern Pategian.


===Phonotactics===
No initial clusters, geminates allowed


==Sample text==
Stress follows the Dreimorengesetz.


'''''Chapp lu nthekk keem hrá-hrá nduum rú hlá tnoh·tsát hlá nhuum·tsát phah lu thup. Pna·cah nduum khree·jett hlá tsih·knekk yat tnop sá, hlá naap-naap lí ntoh-ntoh lu hratt yat biim ta thrap sá.'''''
==Morphology==


birth ATTR time all human-REDUPL give free AND dignity and rights in ATTR equal. they give reason and conscience take endow ASPECT, and one-REDUPL join brother-REDUPL ATTR spirit take act QUOT should ASPECT
==Poetry==


All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Most ancient Pategian poetry was written in flexible quantitative meters reminiscent of Vedic Sanskrit, but a few authors have experimented with the stricter quantitative meters used in [[Sowaár]] poetry. Stress-accentual meters and rhyming unmetric verse, influenced by [[Windermere]] poetry, are also common.


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Pseudo-Uralic]][[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Tricin]]
[[Category:Pategic languages]]

Latest revision as of 01:35, 28 March 2024

Pategian (nủtufỉxi, from nủtu 'Pategian' + fỉxi 'language') is a Pategic language spoken by the Pategian people in Tricin.

It is inspired by Welsh, Hungarian, and classical IE languages (Latin, Greek and Avestan). Pategian is also analogous to Hungarian from a diachronic perspective: roots that are disyllabic in other Pategic languages are often monosyllabic in Pategian.

Dialects

Pategian has 4 main dialects:

  • Tảmhẻxra
  • Fathrẩc
  • Kẻlet
  • Ảnfihẻzi

Phonology

Consonants

p t ts tc k b d dz dq g ph th s c kh h f x z q m n l r lh rh j

/p t ts tʃ k b d dz dʒ g f θ s ʃ x h v ð z ʒ m n l r ɬ rʰ j/

Vowels

a â e i o u y ả ẩ ẻ ỉ ỏ ủ ỷ /a ɑ e i o u ɨ a: ɑ: e: i: o: u: ɨ:/

Pitch accent

Old Pategian had a pitch accent in long vowels which could be rising (written ả) or falling (written ạ). The distinction is neutralized in Modern Pategian.

Phonotactics

No initial clusters, geminates allowed

Stress follows the Dreimorengesetz.

Morphology

Poetry

Most ancient Pategian poetry was written in flexible quantitative meters reminiscent of Vedic Sanskrit, but a few authors have experimented with the stricter quantitative meters used in Sowaár poetry. Stress-accentual meters and rhyming unmetric verse, influenced by Windermere poetry, are also common.

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Pategian&oldid=366880"