Old Swuntsim: Difference between revisions

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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' was the ancient [[Tsimulh languages|Tsimulh language]] spoken by the Swutsim people. It is still often used as a liturgical language among religious Swutsim.
[[Sacred Swuntsim/Swadesh list]]
 
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''tiSxwəncim'') was the ancient [[Tsimulh languages|Tsimulh language]] spoken by the Swuntsim people. It is still used as a liturgical language among [[Verse:Tricin/Swuntsim people|religious Swuntsim]].


Descendants:
Descendants:
*[[Talman Swutsim]]
*Modern [[Swuntsim]]
*Naquian Swuntsim
==GMP==
Tsimulh low tone > breathy voice (vowels not devoiced yet; devoiced vowels are partly merged)
 
Two consecutive breathy vowels > just the first vowel drops.
 
Satemization


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Sacred Swuntsim lost Proto-Tsimulh tones.
===Consonants===
===Consonants===


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!rowspan=2| Palatal
!rowspan=2| Palatal
!colspan=2| Velar
!colspan=2| Velar
!colspan=2| Pharyngeal
!colspan=2| Uvular
!rowspan=2| Glottal
!rowspan=2| Glottal
|-
|-
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|  
|  
| k
| k
| kʷ
| kw
|  
|  
|  
|  
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|  
|  
| g
| g
| gʷ
| gw
|  
|  
|  
|  
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|  
|  
| kʼ
| kʼ
| kʷʼ
| kwʼ
|  
| qʼ
|  
| qwʼ
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| z
| z
|  
|  
| ž
| j
|  
|  
|  
|  
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| š
| š
|  
|  
| xʷ
| xw
| ħ
| χ
| ħʷ
| χw
| h
| h
|-
|-
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|
|
| w
| w
| ʕ
| ȝ
| ʕʷ
| ȝw
|
|
|}
|}
===Vowels===
Clear vowels: ''i u ə a''


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
Noun class system got weird - formal noun classes remain but the words semantically shift as in Sanskrit
Noun class system got weird - formal noun classes remain but the words semantically shift as in Sanskrit


[[Category:Tsimulh languages]]
===Nouns===
====Noun classes====
Sacred Swuntsim had a noun class system like the Bantu languages. There were 12 noun classes, which are numbered as follows:
#''ʔə-'', pl. ''cə-''
#''bu-'', pl. ''də-''
#''p-'', pl. ''əpi-''
#''s-'', pl. ''dus-''
#''ut-'', pl. ''pσə-''
#''ma-'', pl. ''əwə-''
#''č-'', pl. ''abi-''
#''gu-'', pl. ''N-''
#''σi-'', pl. ''wi-''
#''t-''
#''t’im-''
#''pda-''
 
====Cases====
*Nominative: ''-0''
*Genitive: ''-s''
 
===Verbs===
====Noun class prefixes====
*I = ''kwə-/kw-''
*you (sg) = ''xwə-/xw-''
*we = ''wə-''
*you (pl) = ''cu-''
*Noun class prefixes:
*#''ʔə-'', pl. ''cə-/c-''
*#''bu-'', pl. ''də-/d-''
*#''p-'', pl. ''əpi-/əp-''
*#''s-'', pl. ''dus-''
*#''ut-'', pl. ''pσə-/pσ-''
*#''ma-/mə-'', pl. ''əwə-/u-''
*#''k-/č-'', pl. ''abi-/əb-''
*#''gu-'', pl. ''N-''
*#''σi-/σ-'', pl. ''wi-''
*#''ti-/t-'', no plural
*#''t’im-'', no plural
*#''pda-/pdə-'' (common for abstract nouns), no plural
 
====Tense affixes====
''-s'' - past tense
===Numbers===
[[Category:Tsimulh languages|*]]

Latest revision as of 03:08, 9 June 2020

Sacred Swuntsim/Swadesh list

Old Swuntsim (tiSxwəncim) was the ancient Tsimulh language spoken by the Swuntsim people. It is still used as a liturgical language among religious Swuntsim.

Descendants:

GMP

Tsimulh low tone > breathy voice (vowels not devoiced yet; devoiced vowels are partly merged)

Two consecutive breathy vowels > just the first vowel drops.

Satemization

Phonology

Sacred Swuntsim lost Proto-Tsimulh tones.

Consonants

Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
central lateral plain labialized plain labialized
Nasal m n
Stop plain p t k kw ʔ
voiced b d g gw
ejective pʼ tʼ kʼ kwʼ qʼ qwʼ
Affricate plain c ξ č
voiced z j
ejective cʼ ξʼ čʼ
Fricative s σ š xw χ χw h
Approximant y w ȝ ȝw

Vowels

Clear vowels: i u ə a

Grammar

Noun class system got weird - formal noun classes remain but the words semantically shift as in Sanskrit

Nouns

Noun classes

Sacred Swuntsim had a noun class system like the Bantu languages. There were 12 noun classes, which are numbered as follows:

  1. ʔə-, pl. cə-
  2. bu-, pl. də-
  3. p-, pl. əpi-
  4. s-, pl. dus-
  5. ut-, pl. pσə-
  6. ma-, pl. əwə-
  7. č-, pl. abi-
  8. gu-, pl. N-
  9. σi-, pl. wi-
  10. t-
  11. t’im-
  12. pda-

Cases

  • Nominative: -0
  • Genitive: -s

Verbs

Noun class prefixes

  • I = kwə-/kw-
  • you (sg) = xwə-/xw-
  • we = wə-
  • you (pl) = cu-
  • Noun class prefixes:
    1. ʔə-, pl. cə-/c-
    2. bu-, pl. də-/d-
    3. p-, pl. əpi-/əp-
    4. s-, pl. dus-
    5. ut-, pl. pσə-/pσ-
    6. ma-/mə-, pl. əwə-/u-
    7. k-/č-, pl. abi-/əb-
    8. gu-, pl. N-
    9. σi-/σ-, pl. wi-
    10. ti-/t-, no plural
    11. t’im-, no plural
    12. pda-/pdə- (common for abstract nouns), no plural

Tense affixes

-s - past tense

Numbers

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