Naeng/Diachronics: Difference between revisions
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*Preinitial vowel reduction, mostly to ă and i. | |||
*Grimm's law: p t k > f th ch; b d g > p t k | |||
*breathy vowel + p t k > breathy vowel + b d g | *breathy vowel + p t k > breathy vowel + b d g | ||
*some vowels drop, creating consonant clusters | *some vowels drop, creating consonant clusters | ||
*Behavior of laryngeals | |||
**f was something unvoiced like /φ/ so the breathiness should move to the right in Windermere and yield a breathy vowel on the last syllable? | |||
**H was something breathy and murmured voice so it affects a vowel directly adjacent to it, either to the left or right | |||
**X becomes h, word-finally /x/ | |||
*Get final /b d g/ -- Georgian-ish consonant clusters? | |||
**Pre-Grimm's law ''*pnürd'' > Pre-Windermere ''*pnürð'' > ''fnüd'' 'day' | |||
**Pre-Grimm's law ''*anèrp'' > Windermere ''neab'' 'end' | |||
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==Sandhi== | ==Sandhi== | ||
*th + fric -> fric + t | *th + fric -> fric + t | ||
**ths -> st, as in sehf (go) -> *thsehf -> stehf (to drive) (Modern binsteaf (energy), sămteaf (to energize)) | **ths -> st, as in sehf (go) -> *thsehf -> stehf (to drive) (Modern binsteaf (energy), sămteaf (to energize)) | ||
**thf -> | **thf -> ft, e.g. tăfi (laugh) -> *titfi -> tifti (mock) | ||
*rC, lC > Cr, Cl | |||
*ps pt pn png > sp pr fn fng | |||
*tp cp kp > tw tsw cw; breathy vowel + tp tsp kp > thw tsw chw | |||
*ck kc cp pc sc ts > sc sc sp sp st st | |||
--> | |||
==Etymologies== | |||
* *mpuʔ > Wdm. bü 'baby' | |||
*cmath 'jaw' < *gmät | |||
*thbam 'peace, calm' < *t- + *nbäm "quiet" | |||
*ămuch 'full' < ʔmok | |||
*thăpeal < tobel-s 'laurel' (from substrate) | |||
*cliem "number" < *glim "collect" + -s | |||
*chwep "light" < kweb | |||
*tsoa < tsHo 'morning' | |||
*ărăngeal 'terrible' < ʔi{{angbr|r}}ŋHel < *ʔiŋHel 'fear' | |||
*fnüd < pnund 'day' | |||
*neab < nemp-s 'end' | |||
Latest revision as of 14:37, 24 January 2022
- Preinitial vowel reduction, mostly to ă and i.
- Grimm's law: p t k > f th ch; b d g > p t k
- breathy vowel + p t k > breathy vowel + b d g
- some vowels drop, creating consonant clusters
- Behavior of laryngeals
- f was something unvoiced like /φ/ so the breathiness should move to the right in Windermere and yield a breathy vowel on the last syllable?
- H was something breathy and murmured voice so it affects a vowel directly adjacent to it, either to the left or right
- X becomes h, word-finally /x/
- Get final /b d g/ -- Georgian-ish consonant clusters?
- Pre-Grimm's law *pnürd > Pre-Windermere *pnürð > fnüd 'day'
- Pre-Grimm's law *anèrp > Windermere neab 'end'
Etymologies
- *mpuʔ > Wdm. bü 'baby'
- cmath 'jaw' < *gmät
- thbam 'peace, calm' < *t- + *nbäm "quiet"
- ămuch 'full' < ʔmok
- thăpeal < tobel-s 'laurel' (from substrate)
- cliem "number" < *glim "collect" + -s
- chwep "light" < kweb
- tsoa < tsHo 'morning'
- ărăngeal 'terrible' < ʔi⟨r⟩ŋHel < *ʔiŋHel 'fear'
- fnüd < pnund 'day'
- neab < nemp-s 'end'