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: | : {{distinguish|text= the Earth language [[w:Fungor language|Fungor]], also known as Ko}} | ||
:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Wordlist]] | :[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Wordlist]] | ||
{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|creator = User:IlL | |||
|creator = | |||
|name = {{PAGENAME}} | |name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
|nativename = lees ndoigh Komh | |nativename = lees ndoigh Komh | ||
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]] | |setting = [[Verse:Tricin]] | ||
| | |state = Bjeheond | ||
|familycolor=hmong-mien | |familycolor=hmong-mien | ||
|fam1=[[Hlou-Shum languages|Hlou-Shum]] | |fam1=[[Hlou-Shum languages|Hlou-Shum]] | ||
| | |scripts=* Latin (Uncial) | ||
|notice=IPA | |notice=IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 27: | Line 23: | ||
*TODO: kl gl sk > q | *TODO: kl gl sk > q | ||
*bach = small, meer = big | *bach = small, meer = big | ||
* | *hleubh = to love (hlub means "to love" in Hmong) | ||
*kein = archaic negative word | *kein = archaic negative word | ||
*ein = emphasis/'rather' | *ein = emphasis/'rather' | ||
| Line 35: | Line 30: | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
{{SUBPAGENAME}} has fewer initials | {{SUBPAGENAME}} has fewer initials than [[Hlou]], due to initial mutations. | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
C + V + tone | C + V + tone | ||
| Line 56: | Line 51: | ||
''npl nbl ntl ndl'' /bl ml dl nl/ | ''npl nbl ntl ndl'' /bl ml dl nl/ | ||
''f ç s x | ''f ç s x'' = /f s (Basque s) ʃ/ | ||
''nf nç ns nx'', also ''fh çh sh xh'' = /v z (voiced Basque s) ʒ/ | ''nf nç ns nx'', also ''fh çh sh xh'' = /v z (voiced Basque s) ʒ/ | ||
| Line 67: | Line 62: | ||
*-Ø: mid level | *-Ø: mid level | ||
*-ch: | *-ch: glottal stop final | ||
*-s: low falling | *-s: low falling | ||
*-r: low rising | *-r: low rising | ||
*-gh: low | *-gh: low breathy | ||
*-mh: | *-mh: creaky | ||
*-bh: mid rising | *-bh: mid rising | ||
*-dh: high falling | *-dh: high falling | ||
| Line 81: | Line 76: | ||
plural word: ''yoo-L'' (placed after classifier but before noun) | plural word: ''yoo-L'' (placed after classifier but before noun) | ||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
* | *xan = I | ||
* | *çeedh = you | ||
===Classifiers=== | ===Classifiers=== | ||
| Line 91: | Line 84: | ||
''lu'', ''tzagh'', ''hņoobh'', ''lees'', ''çua'', ''yaus'', ... | ''lu'', ''tzagh'', ''hņoobh'', ''lees'', ''çua'', ''yaus'', ... | ||
*lu | *lu = humans, gods | ||
**''faon'' = a man; ''lu nfaon'' = the man (classifier ''lu'') | **''faon'' = a man; ''lu nfaon'' = the man (classifier ''lu'') | ||
*tçagh | *tçagh = animals, demons | ||
**''plaidh'' = a dog; ''tçagh nplaidh'' = the dog (classifier ''tçagh'') | **''plaidh'' = a dog; ''tçagh nplaidh'' = the dog (classifier ''tçagh'') | ||
**''tçagh Nja Ber Woch'' = a demon in Ko mythology | |||
*hņoobh = tall objects such as trees, buildings | *hņoobh = tall objects such as trees, buildings | ||
**''qo'' = a tree; ''hņoobh nqo'' the tree | **''qo'' = a tree; ''hņoobh nqo'' the tree | ||
*çua | *çua: infinitive | ||
**''dor'' = is born; ''çua ndor'' = to be born (inf.) | **''dor'' = is born; ''çua ndor'' = to be born (inf.) | ||
*edible plants | *''lobh'': food, edible plants | ||
* | *''zail'': inedible plants | ||
*lees | *lees = nominalization, way of X-ing | ||
**''doigh'' = 'to speak'; ''lees ndoigh'' 'language' | **''doigh'' = 'to speak'; ''lees ndoigh'' 'language' | ||
*In archaic language: fancy apparently ad-hoc classifiers for different animals and fruits (cf. English ''murder of crows'' except "murder" is a classifier) | *In archaic language: fancy apparently ad-hoc classifiers for different animals and fruits (cf. English ''murder of crows'' except "murder" is a classifier) | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
ba = subjunctive marker | |||
''Ba fhaomh-saigh le çeedh'' = If you like it | |||
==Sample text== | ==Sample text== | ||
| Line 117: | Line 114: | ||
:As the people moved eastward... | :As the people moved eastward... | ||
[[Category:Quihum languages]][[Category:Tricin]] | [[Category:Quihum languages]][[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Languages]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:03, 10 May 2023
| IlL/Spare pages 1/4 | |
|---|---|
| lees ndoigh Komh | |
| Created by | IlL |
| Setting | Verse:Tricin |
| Native to | Bjeheond |
Hlou-Shum
| |
| |
4 (English: /koʊ/, natively lees ndoigh Komh /li noi kɔ/ (TBA: tone)) is a language spoken in Bjeheond; as a Hlou-Shum language, it's related to Hlou. It is a monosyllabic tonal language inspired by Hmong, Irish, Manx, and English. Like Irish, Ko has initial consonant mutations.
Todo
Motivation: "Sinospheric Irish" or "Hmoob read by an Irish speaker"
- Explain: lexical mutation in Hlou, grammatical mutation in Ko
- Hlou lexical mutation could have arisen from a grammatical mutation system where the particles fell away
- dor = to be born ~ Hlou Ndol 'person'
- TODO: kl gl sk > q
- bach = small, meer = big
- hleubh = to love (hlub means "to love" in Hmong)
- kein = archaic negative word
- ein = emphasis/'rather'
- koobh = good
- cu = copper
Phonology
4 has fewer initials than Hlou, due to initial mutations.
Phonotactics
C + V + tone
Initials
m n ņ l nl r y w = /m n ɲ l (dark l) r j w/
hm hn hņ hl hr hy hw = /ʰm ʰn ʰɲ ʰl ʰr ç (voiceless w)/
p t tç ts tx c k q b d j g = /h t ts (Basque ts) tʃ c k q b d ɟ g/
pl bl tl dl = /hl bl tl dl/
ph th tçh tsh txh ch kh qh bh dh jh gh = /f θ s (Basque s) ʃ ç x χ v ð j ɣ/
phl bhl thl dhl /fl vl ɬ ɮ/
np nt ntç nts ntx nc nk nq nb nd nj ng = /b d dz (voiced Basque ts) dʒ ɟ g ɢ m n ɲ ŋ/
npl nbl ntl ndl /bl ml dl nl/
f ç s x = /f s (Basque s) ʃ/
nf nç ns nx, also fh çh sh xh = /v z (voiced Basque s) ʒ/
Rimes
a i ao u e o ee oo ai ei oi au eu ia ua = /a ɪ ɨ ʊ ɛ ɔ i u ai ei oi au eu iə uə/
Tones
9 tones:
- -Ø: mid level
- -ch: glottal stop final
- -s: low falling
- -r: low rising
- -gh: low breathy
- -mh: creaky
- -bh: mid rising
- -dh: high falling
- -n: high level
Grammar
Ko is SVO and head-initial. Mutations often operate on a syntactic basis.
Nouns
plural word: yoo-L (placed after classifier but before noun)
Pronouns
- xan = I
- çeedh = you
Classifiers
Classifiers were historically a very open class. They always eclipse the following noun.
lu, tzagh, hņoobh, lees, çua, yaus, ...
- lu = humans, gods
- faon = a man; lu nfaon = the man (classifier lu)
- tçagh = animals, demons
- plaidh = a dog; tçagh nplaidh = the dog (classifier tçagh)
- tçagh Nja Ber Woch = a demon in Ko mythology
- hņoobh = tall objects such as trees, buildings
- qo = a tree; hņoobh nqo the tree
- çua: infinitive
- dor = is born; çua ndor = to be born (inf.)
- lobh: food, edible plants
- zail: inedible plants
- lees = nominalization, way of X-ing
- doigh = 'to speak'; lees ndoigh 'language'
- In archaic language: fancy apparently ad-hoc classifiers for different animals and fruits (cf. English murder of crows except "murder" is a classifier)
Verbs
ba = subjunctive marker
Ba fhaomh-saigh le çeedh = If you like it
Sample text
Tower of Babel
- Pugh çedh yaus nqar ņiamh tso txuabh çhaor aon lees ndoigh kiabh aon lees ntlair.
- CONJ in CLF world whole PST give only one CLF language and one CLF speak
- And in the whole world there was one language and one way of speaking.
- Roomh lu yoo las jhugh dle [hyoch mhar], [ka nfemh] re txuabh tçhaoch ibh yaus [njo qiagh] Xi-Na, pugh re txuabh cheich hmoi nblaun.
- when CLF PL person travel eastward then
- As the people moved eastward...