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| ===A short introduction===
| | ↳[[Eighth_edition_lekma/Smallset|Small set]] |
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| To know more of languages through a miniture language is the reason why lekma,/ˈleχmɐ/ has_been/is_being made.
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| A sentence in lekma consists of, an interjection/connective + agent x object x verb ÷ adverbial phrase + a complement(subject,topic) x a particle(, is it? thing).
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| ===Phonology===
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| *Graphemes of each phonemes are listed below.
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| ==Consonants==
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 884px; text-align:center;"
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| ! style="width: 68px; "|
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| ! style="width: 68px; "|Bilabial
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| ! style="width: 68px; "|Labio-dental
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| ! style="width: 68px; "|Dental
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| ! style="width: 68px; "|Alveolar
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| ! style="width: 68px; "|Post-alveolar
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| ! style="width: 68px; "|Retroflex
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| ! style="width: 68px; "|Alveolo-palatal
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| ! style="width: 68px; "|Palatal
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| ! style="width: 68px; "|Velar
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| ! style="width: 68px; "|Uvular
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| ! style="width: 68px; "|Pharyngeal
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| ! style="width: 68px; "|Epiglottal
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| ! style="width: 68px; "|Glottal
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
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| | m<br>m
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| | n<br>n
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| | ɳ<br>nr
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| | ɲ<br>nh
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| | ŋ<br>un,-nn
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
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| | p b<br>ff,b b,rb
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| | t d<br>tt,t,d d,rd
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| | k g<br>k,c c,rc
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| | ʔ<br>kk
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|Affricate
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| | t͡s<br>tz
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| | ʈ͡ʂ<br>tr
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| | t͡ɕ<br>th
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
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| | f<br>f
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| | θ<br>cz
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| | s<br>s
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| | ʂ<br>sr
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| | ɕ<br>sh
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| | χ<br>-k,ch
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| | ɦ<br>hh
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
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| | ʋ<br>v,u-
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| | j<br>i-
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|Trill
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| | ʀ<br>hr
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|Flap or tap
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| | ɾ<br>-r,-rr-
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral app.
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| | l<br>l
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| | ʎ<br>lh
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| ==Vowels==
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center"
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|Front
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|Near-front
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|Central
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|Near-back
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|Back
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|Close
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| | i y<br>i ü
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| | ɯ u<br>û u
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|Close-mid
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| | e ø<br>e ö
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| | o<br>o
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|Open-mid
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| | ʌ<br>ô
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|Near-open
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| | ɐ<br>â
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|Open
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| | ä<br>a
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| |}
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| ==== (cvc's list) ====
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| {{trans-top|phonotactics *development}}
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| * C
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| * k
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| * t
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| * sr
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| * nr
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| {{trans-mid}}
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| * V
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| * a
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| * e
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| * oi
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| {{trans-mid}}
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| * C
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| * nn
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| * h
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| * t
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| {{trans-bottom}}
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| ===Morpheme/Particle of nouns===
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center"
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| ! colspan="1" |{{blue|noun root}}
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| ! colspan="1" |
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| ! colspan="1" |
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| ! colspan="1" |
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| ! colspan="1" |
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| ! colspan="1" |
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| ! colspan="1" |
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| ! colspan="1" |{{blue|word}}
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the agent of a transitive verb}}
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the subject/locative of an intransitive verb}}
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the direct/indirect object of a verb}}
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|possessive form}}
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural form}}
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural possessive form}}
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|*ac/ʔɐk/
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| | sac/sɐk/
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| | nac/nɐk/
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| | uac/ʋɐk/
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| | ács/ʔäks/
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| | sácen,nácen,ácen/ʔäːgen/
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| | ácens/ʔäːgens/
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| | I
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|*üe/ʔyː/
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| | sü/syː/
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| | nü/nyː/
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| | uüe/ʋyː/
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| | uües/ʋyːs/
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| | süen,nüen,ʋüen/ʔyːen/
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| | uüens/ʔyːens/
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| | You
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|*hhia/ɦiä/
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| | íasaé/ɦiänsäe/
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| | íanaé/ɦiänäe/
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| | hhia/ɦiä/
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| | ías/ɦiäs/
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| | sian,nian,ían/ɦiän/
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| | íans/ɦiäns/
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| | They (singular)
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| |-
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|*kkae/ʔae/
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| | aesaé/ʔaesäe/
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| | aenaé/ʔaenäe/
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| | àe/ʔae/
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| | àes/ʔais/
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| | saen,naen,àen/ʔain/
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| | àens/ʔaens/
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| | Thing
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| |}
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| ===Morpheme/Particle of verbs===
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 540px; text-align:center"
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| ! colspan="1" |{{blue|verb root}}
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| ! colspan="1" |{{blue|indicative form}}
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| ! colspan="1" |{{blue|subjunctive form}}
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| ! colspan="1" |{{blue|connective form}}
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| ! colspan="2" |{{blue|noun-like form}}
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| ! colspan="1" |{{blue|word}}
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|present/habitual}}
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is in the future}}
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|-ing, /if thing}}
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is incomplete}}
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is completed}}
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|
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| |-
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|*sel/sel/
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| | ser/sel/,[seɾ]
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| | seat/seɦät/
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| | sád/säːt/ | |
| | selínde/selindɐ/
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| | selínt/selint/
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| | be
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| ! style="text-align: center; "|*bal/bäl/
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| | bar/bäl/,[bäɾ]
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| | baat/bäɦät/
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| | bád/bäːt/
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| | balínde/bälindɐ/
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| | balínt/bälint/
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| | have
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| ! style="text-align: center; "| *tel/tel/
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| | ter/tel/,[teɾ]
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| | teat/teɦät/
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| | tád/täːt/
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| | telínde/telindɐ/
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| | telínt/telint/
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| | hang,raise
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| |}
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| ==== Swadesh list ====
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| {{trans-top|Lexicon *development}}
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| * I: kkac
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| * you (singular): ùüe
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| * he: hhonn
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| * we: kkácen
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| * you (plural): ùüen
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| * they: hhian
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| * this : torce,toc/iá
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| * that: kkáe
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| * here: tocma
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| * there: àema
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| * who: hhia/lhia
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| * what: kva
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| * where: kvime
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| * when: kvatzuí
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| * how: kvamuí
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| * not: né
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| * all: àen
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| * many: àens
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| * some: de àen
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| * few: làes
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| * other: né daes
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| * one: ená,ésa
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| * two: tzue
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| * three: mal
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| * four: rcut
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| * five: unal
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| * big:
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| * long:
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| * wide:
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| * thick:
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| * heavy:
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| * small:
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| * short: kul
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| * narrow:
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| * thin:
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| * woman: lhuó
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| * man (adult male): lhuó
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| * man (human being): hhan/lhuó
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| * child:
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| * wife:
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| * husband:
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| * mother: máma
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| * father: táta
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| * animal:
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| * fish: fisk
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| * bird: toflie
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| * dog: cúon
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| * louse: lus
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| * snake: iá
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| * worm: hhom
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| * tree: rbaim
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| * forest: rbosk
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| * stick:
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| * fruit: fam
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| * seed:
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| * leaf: hhüo
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| * root: lád
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| * bark (of a tree):
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| * flower: chúa
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| * grass:
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| * rope: sinn
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| * skin: ffal
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| * meat: salk
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| * blood: salk
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| * bone:
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| * fat (noun):
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| * egg: ai
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| * horn:
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| * tail:
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| * feather: fie
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| * hair: tetr
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| * head: kab
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| * ear: olhen
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| * eye: ain
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| * nose: nes
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| * mouth:
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| * tooth: tzann
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| * tongue (organ): tzann
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| * fingernail: tzann
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| * foot:
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| * leg: rbaim
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| * knee:
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| * hand: tec
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| * wing: fiem
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| * belly:
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| * guts:
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| * neck: nec
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| * back: tzüc
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| * breast: ffec
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| * heart: kel
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| * liver: kel
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| * to drink: sifel
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| * to eat: nham
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| * to bite: tzaunel
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| * to suck: sifel
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| * to spit:
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| * to vomit:
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| * to blow: bolel
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| * to breathe: nesel
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| * to laugh: hrak
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| * to see: vis
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| * to hear: sanhel
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| * to know: can,kacnu
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| * to think:
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| {{trans-mid}}
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| * to smell: nesel
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| * to fear:
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| * to sleep:
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| * to live:
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| * to die:
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| * to kill: sral
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| * to fight: sral
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| * to hunt:
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| * to hit:
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| * to cut:
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| * to split:
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| * to stab:
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| * to scratch: skilel
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| * to dig:
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| * to swim: svim
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| * to fly: fel
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| * to walk: salka,salkel
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| * to come: salka
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| * to lie (as in a bed): líc
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| * to sit: sidel
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| * to stand: hrec
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| * to turn (intransitive):
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| * to fall: feiel
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| * to give:
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| * to hold:
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| * to squeeze:
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| * to rub: vask
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| * to wash: vask
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| * to wipe:
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| * to pull: tec
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| * to push: tec/ffon
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| * to throw:
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| * to tie:
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| * to sew:
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| * to count: teltztif
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| * to say: soe
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| * to sing: séunel
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| * to play: rbil
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| * to float:
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| * to flow: lom
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| * to freeze: trilel
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| * to swell:
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| * sun: hrá
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| * moon:
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| * star:
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| * water: vad
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| * rain: lein
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| * river: léne
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| * lake: léne
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| * sea:
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| * salt:
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| * stone: shè
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| * sand: sa
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| * dust:
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| * earth: thi
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| * cloud: küt
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| * fog: küt
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| * sky: séo
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| * wind:
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| * snow:
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| * ice: tril
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| * smoke:
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| * fire: féu
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| * ash:
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| * to burn:
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| * road: vei
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| * mountain: mon
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| * red: hrot
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| * green: léu
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| * yellow: col
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| * white: hrát
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| * black:
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| * night:
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| * day: rdi
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| * year:
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| * warm: nôk
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| * cold: tril
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| * full:
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| * new:
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| * old:
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| * good: bim
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| * bad:
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| * rotten:
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| * dirty: mud
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| * straight: baim
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| * round: kadbal
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| * sharp (as a knife):
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| * dull (as a knife):
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| * smooth:
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| * wet: vadmui
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| * dry: sekel
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| * correct: baim
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| * near: tocmáf
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| * far: naemáf
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| * right:
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| * left:
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| * at: tzúi
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| * in: hhins
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| * with: múi
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| * and: e,elk
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| * if: o,som
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| * because:
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| * name: námel
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| {{trans-bottom}}
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| [[Category:Languages]]
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