Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions

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  A conlang, autonym Lekmae /ˈɥexmä/ is to experiment grammatical features, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories,
half of the lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages, as for making this miniature that is to learn about languages.




  content: {{green|n}}ouns(nominal of intransitives), {{green|a}}djective nouns(nominal of adjectives), {{green|d}}emonstrative nouns(have plural forms, have similarity for the category), {{green|v}}erbal nouns(nominal of monotransitives), {{green|c}}overbal nouns(have similarity for the category), {{green|e}}nclitic nouns(have variation for a word).
↳[[Eighth_edition_lekma/Smallset|Small set]]
 
__noeditsection__
{|nouns: + nouns(nominal of intransitives),  nounsnominal of language monotansitives, nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +encliticsthey turn nouns t full nouns:demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plual), adjectial suix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, vebal suffix: hen/en/(motion in nce), hel/ɦel/, had/ɦät/(subjunctive dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/.
|}
 
enclitics distinguish those kinds, nominal, adjectival, plural, objective, present, habitual, subjunctive, processive, perfective.
demontratives express those kinds, nominal, ergative, objective, subjective, dative, near to the speaker, away from the speaker.
every words are morpheme. nouns with enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative mood.
 
{| an object right bafter  verbal nun eeds no suffx nor partcle. an object before the  motion in once a support of an objectial icle.|}
{|  everys are morpheme nouns, full nouns, ul nouns are indicatives.  in this site uses resemble notations|}
{|it seems there are làa/ɡäː/ so some are irregular VO are also full nouns.. if the are free from diacritics.|}
{| dalse càe látin, vàe áleman, bae látin, cae látin, kae eskanól, aüe elínica, meidallaoduilekma. e lao u vèi velar nas.|}
{|borrowing words from other languages enter the group of adjective full noun, soe enter .
|}
 
Syntactics
Type: SVO-Topic, right branching of a clause, left element modifies the right.
Word formation: (+coverb) noun (+adjectifier of zeromorpheme) (+demonstrative) (+enclitic) (+verb) noun (+enclitic).
{|  ergative noun • vebal noun objective noun from the grammar • topic noun / al noun • noun adjectival suffix • topic noun, where a middle dot separates phrases. they can switch thei places, phses at fists are foal phrases.|}
 
{| aside from the onemic orthography, numerals are written. -|}
{| .0123456789,10,11,12. is oinmfvksba.io/x,ii/e,in/z.|}
 
{|Morpheme inventory|}
{|* s- /sɨ/,allo;/s/,* n- /nɨ/,allomorpheme;/n/,* a- /ä/* ∅- /ʔ/* -a /ɦä/* -e /ɦe/* -s /s/* -as /ɦäs/* -es /ɦes/* -n /n/* -en /ɦen/* -ns /ns/* -ens /ɦens/* -l /l/* -t /t/* -d , including extras/t/* -ls /ls/* -ts /t͡s/* -ds /des/* -el /el/* -et /et/* -at /ät/* ad /äde/* -els /els/* -ets /et͡s/* -ats /ät͡s/* -ads /ädes/* -nd /indɐ/*for  -nt /int/* -nds /indɐs/* -nts /intes/
|}
 
Writings: excepting q w p g j y, u is added as /ŋ/, a i u are consonants in certain circumstances,
e is phonemically space, except for after a consonant.
Grapheme inventory:
{| |
! |<small>{{blue|Consonants}}</small>
! |<small>Bilabial</small>
! |<small>Labio-dental</small>
! |<small>Alveolar</small>
! |<small>Retroflex</small>
! |<small>Palatal</small>
! |<small>Velar</small>
! |<small>Uvular</small>
! |<small>Glottal</small>
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Nasal</small>
| {{blue|m}}a{{blue|m}}(m) ||  || {{blue|n}}a{{blue|n}}(n, ɲ) ||  ||  || {{blue|u}}â{{blue|u}}(ŋ) ||  ||  |
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Plosive</small>
| {{blue|b}}a{{blue|b}}(b~p) ||  || {{blue|d}}a{{blue|d}}(d~t) ||  ||  || {{blue|c}}a{{blue|c}}(k~ɡ) ||  || {{blue|a}}âe(ʔ) |
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Affricate</small>
|  ||  || {{blue|z}}ae(d͡z~t͡s) || {{blue|t}}â{{blue|t}}(ʈ͡ʂ~t͡ʃ) ||  ||  ||  ||  |
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Fricative</small>
|  || {{blue|f}}â{{blue|f}}(f) || {{blue|s}}a{{blue|s}}(s~ɕ) || {{blue|x}}a{{blue|x}}(ʂ~ç) ||  || {{blue|k}}a{{blue|k}}(x~χ, k) ||  || {{blue|h}}a{{blue|h}}(ɦ, n/a) |
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Trill</small>
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{blue|r}}ae(ʀ~r) ||  |
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Approximant</small>
|  || {{blue|v}}àe(ʋ) ||  ||  || {{blue|i}}áe(ʝ) ||  ||  ||  |
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Semi vowel</small>
|  || {{blue|a}}àe,aa{{blue|è}}(u̯) || {{blue|l}}a{{blue|l}},{{blue|u}}àe(ɥ, l) ||  || {{blue|a}}áe,aa{{blue|é}}(i̯) ||  ||  || aa{{blue|r}}(ë~ɐ̯, n/a) |
|}
 
 
{| |
! colspan="1" |<small>{{blue|Vowels}}</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Front</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Central</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Back</small>
|-
!
! <small>unrounded</small>
! <small>rounded</small>
! <small>unrounded</small>
! <small>rounded</small>
! <small>unrounded</small>
! <small>rounded</small>
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Close</small>
| a{{blue|i}}e(i) || a{{blue|ü}}e(y) || a{{blue|ei}},a{{blue|í}}e(ëi̯) || a{{blue|ò}}e(u̯o) || a{{blue|ui}},a{{blue|ï}}e(ɯɨ) || a{{blue|u}}e(u) |
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Mid-open</small>
| a{{blue|e}}e,e{{blue|ä}}e(e) || a{{blue|ö}}e(ø) ||  || a{{blue|eu}},a{{blue|ù}}e(ëu̯) ||  || a{{blue|o}}e(o) |
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Open</small>
|  ||  || a{{blue|a}}e(ä) ||  || a{{blue|ao}},a{{blue|ô}}e(ʌ) ||  |
|}
 
 
phonotactics: CV(V)C.
tone slightly rises initially of a phrase.
{|  sk sk not sk k lk not jk mm became mb nn sta  kk is long k  ll e lh is ong l  gemination lengthens nearby phoneme. i(ǀ) start citing, (end cite), before a loanword, ǃ(ǂ) exclamation|}
 
 
{|allophones; t ʔ ɦ l;ʎ;ɾ sr ɲ ŋ  allophones;â á:ae;ai;oa e é:ei;é;ea i î í o ö:eu;oi ó:ou u ü ú;;ue;ua;uo  | ɲ ŋ −vowel length lk −vowel length sk|}
 
 
{|! colspan="1" |{{blue|noun root}}! colspan="1" |the agent of a transitive verb!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the subject/locative of an intransitive verb}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the direct/indirect object of a verb}}!  style="width:90px;"{{green|possessive form}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural form}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural possessive form}}!  style="width: 90px; "||-! style="text-align: center; "|uac/ʋɐk/| sac/sɐk/| nac/nɐk/| uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk]|uacs/ʔäks/|sacen/säːgen/,nacen/näːgen/,uacen/ʔäːgen/| uacens/ʔäːgens/| I! style="text-align: center; "|uue/ʋyː/| sue/syː/| nue/nyː/| uue/ʋyː/[ʔyː]| uues/ʋyːs/[ʔyːs]| suen/syːen/,nuen/nyːen/,ʋuen/ʔyːen/| uuens/ʔyːens/| You! style="text-align: center; "|hia/ɦiä/| sia/siä/| nia/niä/| hia/ɦiä/| hias/ɦiäs/| sian/siän/,nian/niän/,hian/ɦiän/| hians/ɦiäns/| They (singular)! colspan="1" |{{blue|verb root}}indicative form}}subjunctive form}}connective form}}{{blue|noun-like form}}{{blue|gloss}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|present/habitual}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is futural}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|-ing, /if}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is incomplete}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is completed}}! style="text-align: center; "|sel/sel/| ser/sel/| seat/seɦät/| sad/säːt/| selnd/selindɐ/| selnt/selint/| be! style="text-align: center; "|bal/bäl/| bar/bäl/| baat/päɦät/| bad/päːt/| balnd/pälindɐ| balnt/pälint/| have! |tel/tel/| ter/tel/| teat/teɦät/| tad/täːt/| telnd/telindɐ/| telnt/telint/| hang,raise
|}
 
 
Made text
of it is what
Närca Sêdnan.
/ˈne.ëɡä su̯ednän/
nac-har sêd-nan
1-be swed-ish
 
 
of this is what
Famsendoclea.
/fämsendokɥe.ˈä/
fam sen-doc-leh-har
fruits this-place.of-be
 
 
Naciorneuse a Lekmae Neidoc.
/näkʝonëu̯s(ë) ʔä ɥexmä nëi̯dok/
romlang.be true.for Lekmae  be.not.3
is Lekmae a romlang? no, it's not.
 
 
of who does what
hainimdaies doc.
/--/
kai nim daines doc
they eat some-of this
 
{|* 1: ʋɐk /uac* you (singular): 2ʋyː /uue* he: ɦäŋ /han* we:  /uacen* you (plural): ʋyːen /uuen* they: ɦiä /hia* this : tog,ɦiä /toc,hia* that: àe,kosa /hae,cos* here: tocma /tcm* there: kkaema /aem* who: hhia,lhia /lia* what: kva /kva* where: kvime /kvm* when: kvatzuí /kvn* how: kvamuí /kvi* not: né /nei* all: àen /aen* many: àens /aens* some: de àen /duiaen* few: làes /leas* other: né daes /neidae* one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa* two: tzue /dva* three: mal /mal* four: cut /cut* five: unal /hal* big: lhens* long: naelhens* wide: daesbala* thick: bala* heavy: né fie /neifias* small: nal* short: kul* narrow: tis /tsm* thin: kadtis* woman: lhúa /lua* man (adult male): lhúa /lua* man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo* child: tisluo* mother: mâma /mam* father: dâda /dad* animal: tissor d tis* fish: fisker* bird: tofie  /tfl* snake: lam* worm: hhom /orm* tree /bim* forest: bsk* stick: baunel /uncertain* fruit: fam /flm* seed: fam /sem* leaf: hhüo /lif* root: lád /lad* flower: uncertain /lili* grass: ladlil* rope: sinn /uncertain* skin: bäl /* meat: salk /slk* blood: salk* bone: lám * fat (noun): bét /fat* egg: ais* horn: kol /krn* tail: lámen /lam* feather: fie /fli* hair: tetr /khr* head: uncertain /cab* ear: olhen /orh* eye: ain /oin* nose: nis* mouth: uncertain /lif* tooth: tzann /fnc* tongue (organ): tzann /zau* fingernail: tzann /fau* foot: uncertain /bam* leg: uncertain /bam* knee: baim* hand: tec /tek* wing: fiem /fli* belly: mac* guts: mac * neck: nec* back: tzüc /ruc* breast: bec /fec* heart: kel /kor* liver: kel* to drink: sifel /drk* to eat: nem /nhm* to bite: tzaunel /tnf* to suck: sifel * to spit: nemel* to vomit: tue dae nems* to blow: bolel * to breathe: nesel /* to laugh: hrak /rch* to see: vis /ver* to hear: sanhel /oir* to know: caän* to think: canel /dik* to smell: nesel /uncertain* to fear: bai* to sleep: bei /slf* to live: súmel* to die: né súmel /meisumel* to kill: sral * to fight: sral /uncertain* to hunt: sral* to hit: láb /lfn* to cut: kul* to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dval* to stab: binn * to scratch: skilel* to dig: binn /nem* to swim: uncertain /sìm* to fly: uncertain /fei* to walk: salkel* to come: hhim /clm* to lie (as in a bed): lob* to sit: sidel /set* to stand: hrec /tnd* to turn (intransitive): silkel* to fall: feiel /fei* to give: duo* to hold: hrantel* to squeeze: tzecal* to rub: vask * to wash: vasker* to wipe: vaskel /vsk* to pull: tec* to push: tec,ffon* to throw: tue toc náe* to tie: ticel /bnd* to sew: ffinticel* to count: teltzif* to say: seu* to sing: séunel /seu* to play: bil /sfl* to float: lom /flt* to flow: ae /flt* to freeze: íelel /iel* to swell: rcol /uncertain* sun: hrá /uncertain* moon: daehrá /mun* star: lucz /trl* water: súm /sumi* rain: lein /rcn* river: léne /len* lake: léne /len* sea: léneen /len* salt: saltee* stone: shè /stn* sand: sahr /snd* dust: hroma*earth: thi /nulmaf* cloud: küt /sku* fog: küt /foc* sky: séo /sulmaf* wind: fendas /vnd* snow: nívas /snu* ice: íelen /ais* smoke: féu /feo* fire: féu /feo* ash: daeféu* to burn: tocféu tue /feol* road: vei /vec* mountain: uncertain /mon* red: hrot /rod* :  /crn* yellow: col /clb* white: hrát /vit black: dal /blc* night: dal /nkt* day: dis /dac* year: iálen /zuames* warm: nôk /vrm* cold: íels /chl* full: buk /ful* new: bil* old: né bil* good: hhim /bim* bad: né hhim* rotten: tocel nae* dirty: mud* straight: bim* round: kadbal* sharp (as a knife): dis * dull (as a knife): dos* smooth:: suːmmɯi /summui* dry: sekal /sek* correct: bim* near: tocmas* far: naema* right: hris /lkt* left: chol /lnk* at: ʈ͡ʂɯi /zuiin: lea /ins* because|}
{|Lexics|}
{| mam*mom mim mum mon miu mou mac miz muk mil mul mai*value mui*means máè*meow nam*to name nac*to 1 nacmie*europant naciór*romlang nal nui*snake nuf nab nul*down nim*eat nüe*to 2 niskad nat uil*arm uih*then bim bab beb bid*house bosker*forest bah*brace diu dol*fish dad*dad dek dil* wet dui*do what dál*draw cac cuf cal cilke aam*aim a d aae*is it true for i d aie*tsk, a cite u d aue*of where to aas aal e d aee*accompanying with o d aoe*compared with, if den*keep deh*hang fui*made from zil zul zah*nail zeica d zêc*sore tam tau*fang tal*string tin tax tic sel*be by súmmi*water sul süe*you seh*be sud saf xan xul*up xai*why xei*what xui*how,when fam*fruits fun foù*fire kalmê kum kat*hands kalkee ham han*he neuter hai*they singular vad*what,who vie*why,how vaskae von*when,where rac*cross ril*lough len*wind lan*group lis*smile lal*pilor lul*food léu*green iel*slope ser*that kind.|}
 
 
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Latest revision as of 14:21, 2 June 2024


↳Small set

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